...[pic] Resolution of the World Health Organization After meeting in Geneva in May 2003 for the Fifty-Sixth World Health Assembly, the WHO outlined its Global Initiative for the Elimination of Avoidable Blindness, or VISION 2020 plan. The WHO urges national governments to: • Set up, not later than 2005, a national VISION 2020 plan, in partnership with the WHO and in collaboration with NGOs and the private sector. • Establish a national coordinating committee for VISION 2020 or a national blindness prevention committee, which may include consumer or patient groups, to develop and implement the plan. • Commence implementation of such plans by 2007 at the latest. • Include effective information systems with standardized indicators and periodic monitoring and evaluation, with the aim of showing a reduction in the magnitude of avoidable blindness by 2010. • Mobilize resources for eliminating avoidable blindness. In turn, the WHO agrees to: • Maintain and strengthen the WHO’s collaboration with governments and all partners of the initiative. • Ensure coordination of the implementation of the VISION 2020 plan, by setting up a monitoring committee grouping all those involved, including national government representatives. • Provide support for strengthening national capability, especially through development of human resources, to coordinate, assess, and prevent avoidable blindness...
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...Canada. Brief vignettes were presented for the following 5 scenarios: stroke in evolution, atrial fibrillation-related stroke (A FIB), vertebrobasilar stroke, carotid territory stroke, and multiple transient ischemic attacks. The effect of medicolegal factors was also ascertained. Statistical comparisons were done with chi-squared testing. Results—US neurologists were significantly more likely than Canadian neurologists to use intravenous heparin for patients with stroke in evolution (51% versus 33%, P0.001), vertebrobasilar stroke (30% versus 8%, P0.001), carotid territory stroke (31% versus 4%, P0.001), and multiple transient ischemic attacks (47% versus 9%, P0.001). The vast majority of US and Canadian neurologists would use intravenous heparin for acute stroke patients with A FIB (88% and 84%, respectively). US neurologists more often cited medicolegal factors as a potential influence on the decision-making process than Canadian neurologists (33% versus 10%, P0.001). Conclusions—In several clinical scenarios, US neurologists were significantly more likely than Canadian neurologists to use intravenous heparin. Fears regarding medicolegal consequences may partially explain the treatment disparity. Despite the publication of 4 clinical trials, which have not shown any long-term benefit for patients with acute stroke and A FIB (International Stroke Trial, Heparin in Acute Embolic Stroke Trial) or cardioembolic stroke (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment...
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...Internet]. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Institutes of Health Research; 2004 [cited 2011 Nov 25]. Available from: www.cpha.ca/ uploads/portals/h-l/literacy_e.pdf Public Health Agency of Canada [homepage on the Internet]. Ottawa, ON: Public Health Agency of Canada; 2003 [updated 2011 Oct 21; cited 2011 Nov 26]. What determines health?; [about 3 screens]. Available from: http:// www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ph-sp/determinants/index-eng.php. Scott Murray, Data Angel Policy Research, Incorporated, Rima Rudd, Harvard School of Public Health, Irwin Kirsch, Educational Testing, Service, Kentaro Yamamoto, Educational Testing Service and, Sylvie Grenier, Statistics Canada. Health literacy in Canada: initial results from the International Adult Literacy and Skills Survey 2007 [monograph on Internet]. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Council on Learning; 2007 [cited 2011 Nov 26]. Available from: www.ccl-cca.ca/pdfs/HealthLiteracy/HealthLiteracyinCanada.pdf Rao JK, Anderson LA, Inui TS, Frankel RM. Communication interventions make a difference in conversation between physician and patients: a systemic review of the evidence. Med Care. 2007;45(4):340-9. Stewart MA. Effective physician–patient communication and health outcomes: a review. CMAJ. 1995;152(9):1423-33. Rootman I, Gordon-El-Bihbety D, Frankish J, Hemming H, Kaszap M, Langille L, et al. National Literacy and Health Research Program: needs assessment and environmental scan [monograph on the Internet]. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Public Health Association; 2002 [cited 2011...
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...Abstract The United States is one of the leading countries with the most overweight people. There are many parents who are unaware of the situation and do not have enough information to address this issue. As Michelle Obama is trying to get schools to eat healthier, the responsibility lies in the parents because what children eat at home also affect their weight. Research shows that being obese or overweight is linked to risks of chronic disease, disability, death, and decreased productivity and quality of life. These individuals have high risk of hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, etc. And that Child obesity increases the risk of having heart disease and stroke before they turn 30. Studies have also found that more children are eating away from home, snacking in between meals, consuming more junk food, and the lack of exercise due to more TV time can lead to being overweight and obesity. A survey was done and one of the findings that were expected was the correlation between more TV hours and the effect on the weight of the children. It was confirmed with the surveys received that as TV hours went up, weight also went up. It also holds true that children don’t eat as much fruits and vegetable servings as recommended. Parents need to reshape their thinking about the way they live to help prevent or reduce obesity in their children. Parents should be aware that what the kids do or eat at home has a direct effect on the children’s...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Definition Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems. People are considered obese when their body mass index (BMI), a measurement obtained by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of the person's height in metres, exceeds 30 kg/m2. Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases, particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive food energy intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility, although a few cases are caused primarily by genes, endocrine disorders, medications or psychiatric illness. Evidence to support the view that some obese people eat little yet gain weight due to a slow metabolism is limited; on average obese people have a greater energy expenditure than their thin counterparts due to the energy required to maintain an increased body mass. Dieting and physical exercise are the mainstays of treatment for obesity. Diet quality can be improved by reducing the consumption of energy-dense foods such as those high in fat and sugars, and by increasing the intake of dietary fiber. Anti-obesity drugs may be taken to reduce appetite or inhibit fat absorption together with a suitable diet. If diet, exercise and medication are...
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...Juvenile Diabetes Research MHA 610 Introduction to BioStatistics June 2012 Throughout a twelve week period from June through August the researcher found that (diet, weight, lack of exercise, environment and family history) have little to no impact on individuals suffering from juvenile diabetes. Juvenile Diabetes is also called Type 1 diabetes while its causes are not yet entirely understood; scientists believe that both genetic factors and environmental triggers are involved. “The word "diabetes" is borrowed from the Greek word meaning "a siphon." The 2nd-century A.D. Greek physician, Aretus the Cappadocian, named the condition "diabetes." He explained that patients with it had polyuria and "passed water like a siphon (www.medterms.com)." Type 1 diabetes is when no insulin is produced at all because the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas have been destroyed. Currently scientist and researchers do not know why these cells have been damaged the most likely cause is the body having an abnormal reaction to the cells. There is nothing that you can do to prevent Type 1 diabetes. This type of diabetes is always treated with insulin injections. Whereas type 2 can be controlled with oral medications, diet or exercise. When your child or someone you love and care about is diagnosed as Type 1 diabetic your whole world is turned upside down. I know my son was diagnosed right after his fifth birthday. There is no family...
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...get my day started. Because of staying up so late and then not waking up on time, I am sometimes late to work or class. In addition, I find myself very tired and stressed throughout the day. This in effect makes me often irritable toward other people. I am tired of living my life in a constant flurry every morning. Thus, the behavioral change that I would like to alter is my sleeping schedule. Being tired after a night of sleep just leads to anxiety and causes even more problems for me. I am determined to fix this issue for myself by setting some goals and planning. Throughout the course of history, people did not always struggle with their sleep schedule. Virginia Tech History Professor Roger Ekirch conducted some research to study the sleeping schedule of humans in the 18th century. Before the 1800s, acquiring the recommended 8 hours of sleep per night was accomplished in two separate four-hour cycles per night. Ekirch discovered that people would actually sleep for a four-hour period, followed by a 2 to 3 hour period of wakefulness, and then another four-hour sleep cycle. This was in fact the common method of sleeping during these times. In the period between the four-hour sleep cycles, people would engage in certain activities such as meditation, prayer, or reading. However, shortly after the end of the 20th century, this sleeping schedule method became obsolete. In the present day, the norm is for people to acquire sleep over a continuous 8-hour cycle. Unfortunately...
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...of the delivery of services can be confined to smooth transitions. This paper will include appropriate probability concepts, rationale, statistical analysis, and a decision tailored to research studies specific to the thesis statement, question response types, and classification of our findings. Thesis Question "Does the emergency room get utilized more by a particular race and is there a reason for this occurrence?" Appropriate Probability Concepts and Your Application of Them to Find Resulting Data To Limit the Uncertainty of this Decision Probability theory is an important part of statistical theory that bridges descriptive and inferential statistics. It is the science of uncertainty, chance or likelihood (Cooper & Schindler, 2008). There are three kinds of probability; classical, empirical and subjective. In this instance, we will focus on a mixture of empirical probability which is based on past experiences and subjective probability which a probability is assigned to an event based upon whatever evidence is available. A closer look will be taken at the records of the patients treated by the emergency care team in the last six months along with tracking the cases seen in the emergency room over the next six months. At the conclusion of this study, it is our hope to have a better understanding in the growing trends and hope to be able to fairly prioritize emergency room treatment. [pic] Rationale for the Chosen Concept Identify...
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...when it responds to the learner’s needs (Potter, Perry, Ross-Kerry, & Wood, 2006, p. 318). In this paper I will include an assessment of the learner, teacher, and resources with a teaching plan. I will provide evidence of implementation along with discussion of teaching material used in the presentation, including the rationale for its use. The paper will be able to clarify the description of the evaluation strategies as well as process and outcome evaluation. For the health teaching project paper I will interview Mrs. Patel, who is an immigrant from India and lives in Toronto GTA area with her two sons and in-laws. Mrs. Patel, who lost her husband 20 months ago, is 68 years old female diagnosed with diabetes two years ago with a family history of both parents who died from diabetes related complications. Mrs. Patel weighs 190 pounds and five feet three inches tall. Her health history includes high cholesterol and high blood pressure. Mrs. Patel is a physically inactive retired high school teacher, who is fond of eating Indian sweets and smokes one pack of cigarettes a day; she has a pack life of 40. The intended focus of the teaching sessions will be to define specific behavioural objectives with the patient and family and to make the learning experience outcome oriented and measurable. In addition to improving self management, the outcomes includes improving knowledge related to disease signs and symptoms, prognosis, risk factors and to support the patient to make healthier...
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...Stephen Birch, PhD George Kephart, PhD Mike Pennock Dorothy Pringle, PhD Irving Rootman, PhD Sping Wang, PhD Decision Maker Partners: Lucille Auffrey, RN Jean-Marie Berthelot Tom Closson Doris Grinspun, RN Mary Ellen Jeans, RN, PhD Kathleen MacMillan, RN, MA, MSc Barbara Oke, RN Judith Shamian, RN, PhD Barb Wahl, RN Funding Provided by: Canadian Health Services Research Foundation Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation University of Toronto Principal Investigators: Gail Tomblin Murphy Professor, School of Nursing Dalhousie University 5869 University Avenue Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4H7 Linda O’Brien-Pallas Professor and CHSRF/CIHR Chair, Nursing Human Resources Unit Co-Principal Investigator, Nursing Effectiveness, Utilization & Outcomes Research Unit Faculty of Nursing University of Toronto 50 St. George Street Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H4 Telephone: (416) 978-1967 Fax: (416) 946-7142 E-mail: l.obrien.pallas@utoronto.ca Telephone: (902) 494-2228 Fax: (902) 494-3487 E-mail: gail.tomblin.murphy@dal.ca This document is available on the Canadian Health Services Research Foundation Web site (www.chrsf.ca). For more information on the Canadian Health Services Research Foundation, contact the Foundation at: 1565 Carling Avenue, Suite 700 Ottawa, Ontario K1Z 8R1 E-mail: communications@chsrf.ca Telephone: (613) 728-2238 Fax: (613) 728-3527 Ce document est disponible sur le site web de la Fondation canadienne de la recherche sur les services de santé (www.fcrss.ca). Pour obtenir de...
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..."Exercise: 7 benefits of regular physical activity." mayoclinic. Mayo Health Clinic, 23 July 2011. Web. 16 Jan. 2013. . In the article “Exercise: 7 benefits of regular physical activity.” the authors talk about the benefits of exercise, from boosting your mood to improving your sex life. The first topic of seven is how exercise controls weight. When you engage in physical activity, you burn calories. The more intense the activity, the more calories you burn. Therefore causing weight loss and making you a healthier individual. The second topic exercise combats health conditions and diseases. Regular physical activity can help you prevent or manage a wide range of health problems and concerns, including stroke, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, depression, certain types of cancer, arthritis and falls. The third is exercise improves mood. Physical activity stimulates various brain chemicals that may leave you feeling happier and more relaxed. The fourth topic is exercise boosts energy. Exercise and physical activity deliver oxygen and nutrients to your tissues and help your cardiovascular system work more efficiently. The fifth topic is exercise promotes better sleep. Regular physical activity can help you fall asleep faster and deepen your sleep. By exercising you use energy therefore making you drowsier and making it easier for you to fall asleep. The sixth topic is exercise puts the spark back into your sex life. Regular physical activity can lead to enhanced arousal for women...
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...Our Children Obese? English 122 Over the last thirty years obesity is becoming a major threat to the youth of America. “Obesity now affects seventeen percent of all children and adolescents in the United States- triple the rate from just one generation ago, states the Center for Disease Control and Prevention” ( CDC.2012 par.1). Obesity is an excessive accumulation of fat causing a person to become overweight. Childhood obesity is a medical condition that affects young children and adolescents. Children are no longer playing outside like riding bikes or playing hide and seek as they did generations ago. However the children of this generation are sitting on the couch being entertained from media devices. The American Medical Association states that, “One of the reasons American children and adolescent gain weight over the generation is that children expend significantly less energy than their parents and grandparents did at their age” (Green, G. Riley, Hargrove, C. pg. 915-920). The children of today do not have to leave their family room to find entertainment instead they stay in the house to watch television, play video games, and play on the computer. Doing these activities for hours and not getting the recommend sixty minutes per day is extremely unhealthy for the children of today and this is the major reason why so many children are obese. I will prove in this paper that childhood obesity is a growing epidemic because today’s youth are not staying active and...
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...Research Study Analysis PSY 325: Statistics for the Behavioral & Social Sciences October 1, 2012 Research Study Analysis Researchers gather data in order to conduct studies that assist in the behavioral and social sciences. The analysis of this data can determine tendencies among populations, the best course of treatment for common social diseases, such as drug or alcohol addiction, or the reasons behind behavior among certain populations. Introduction A number of studies have been conducted in order to provide members of the medical and psychological community with information to determine the best course of treatment for patients with alcohol addiction. These studies take into account other factors, such as personality disorders, chronic diseases, and also address the use of medication and psychological treatment. The first study entitled, Personality Disorders Among Alcoholic Outpatients: Prevalence and Course in Treatment, attempts to determine the prevalence of personality disorders among men and women seeking outpatient treatment for alcoholism. The hypothesis is that if there is a personality disorder present, it should help determine the type of treatment an alcoholic receives. The treatment chosen should be tailored to the patient’s comorbid personality disorder, or lack thereof. The second study entitled, Chronic disease and recent addiction treatment utilization among alcohol and drug dependent adults, “the objective of this paper is to...
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...Cycling – Creating the New Norm Martina Kahn Western Governors University WGU Student ID # 000390369 Cycling – Creating the New Norm Sitting down, whether in a vehicle, office or home, has become the principal offender in a worldwide obesity and diabetes pandemic that is damaging healthcare systems to the breaking point and increasing health risks to millions of overweight people. Administrations everywhere consider solutions that are economically feasible, easy to implement and improves patient health all at the same time. Together, they may have discovered their answer in a simple piece of engineering able to resolve all of these issues; the bicycle. However, research suggests that American society is not cyclist friendly due to drivers and/or cyclists not always being properly trained. Also, there is a need for bike lanes and laws that require road sharing. For the last five decades, only motorized vehicles have been considered in street designs throughout our country. Driver focused polices, education, and behaviors are an important part of the cycling safety encounter. Revolution in road and cycling infrastructure design is also needed as our population keeps growing. Care needs to be taken and investments made to ensure that everyone has a safe place to travel. In many ways, there has never been a better time to be a bicyclist. If you thought there were more bicyclists on the roads lately, you’d be right. Biking is thriving. The number of cyclists are growing...
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