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KASUS SISTEMIK

Kasus Sistemik yang saya ambil sebagai kasus adalah tempat kerja yang lama sebelum beberapa perusahaan TI dan PPM yang bernama CV DNP yang bergerak di bidang jasa TI. CV DNP memiliki beberapa unit bisnis TI seperti Warnet, Jasa Pembuatan Web dan Toko Buku Online.
Yang saya bahas disini adalah unit bisnis Warnet yang bernama DNPNET dimana saya bekerja selama hampir 7 tahun (1999 – 2006) dari awalnya Operator terus menjadi Admin (SPV). Sampai sekarang pun saya masih ikut serta dalam maintenance walaupun sekarang saya posisinya menjadi vendor atau outsource bukan internal lagi.
Sedikit mundur jauh kebelakang dimana nanti akan terlihat ujung pangkal masalah yang masih saja terjadi sampai sekarang ini.
Sistem organisasi Warnet pada umumnya adalah seperti ini: 1. Pemilik Modal 2. Manajer 3. Admin 4. Operator
Penjelasannya dari masing-masing adalah:
Pemilik Modal Warnet

yaitu seseorang atau lebih, ataupun sebuah institusi atau lebih, yang menyediakan modal usaha baik uang, hardware/software maupun tempat usaha bagi pendirian sebuah warnet. Dalam hal pendirian sebuah warnet, pemilik modal warnet diharapkan:

1. Pemilik Modal Warnet harus memperhatikan dan mengkaji dengan benar aspek-aspek sosial pada masyarakat sekitar tempat rencana pendirian warnet. Aspek sosial tersebut antara lain daya beli masyarakat, tingkat pemahaman masyarakat tentang Internet, kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap Internet dan strata sosial dan jenis komunitas yang berdekatan dengan warnet tersebut (perumahan, pendidikan atau bisnis).

2. Pemilik Modal Warnet harus memperhatikan dan mengkaji dengan benar dampak-dampak sosial yang mungkin terjadi pada masyarakat sekitar tempat rencana pendirian warnet. Dampak sosial tersebut antara lain dijadikannya warnet sebagai tempat melakukan/mengakses cybercrime, pornografi dan materi-materi yang tidak layak lainnya, serta menjadikan warnet sebagai tempat untuk menghabiskan uang dan waktu bagi anak-anak usia sekolah dengan melakukan chatting.

3. Pemilik Modal Warnet di dalam menunjuk seorang manajer warnet, haruslah orang yang memahami benar tentang bisnis warnet dan teknologi Internet (software maupun hardware), memiliki kemampuan manajerial dan bisnis yang memadai, serta memiliki rasa tanggung-jawab dan peka terhadap kondisi sosial masyarakat sekitar.

4. Pemilik Modal Warnet bersama dengan manajer, menyusun langkah-langkah strategis dalam mengembangkan warnet yang menguntungkan dari aspek bisnis dan tetap bertanggung-jawan dari aspek sosial.

5. Pemilik Modal Warnet menyediakan perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak yang memadai dan legal, serta menyiapkan tempat usaha yang aman dan kondusif.

6. Pemilik Modal Warnet menyediakan kesempatan berupa waktu dan biaya bagi manajer dan admin untuk menambah pengetahuan mereka tentang Internet, baik melalui pelatihan khusus, workshop maupun seminar.

7. Pemilik Modal Warnet memberikan kompensasi yang memadai bagi operasional manajer

8. Pemilik Modal Warnet melakukan koordinasi dengan manajer.

Manajer Warnet

yaitu adalah seseorang yang bertanggung-jawab dalam menjabarkan strategi yang telah dirancang oleh pemilik modal dan merancang tindakan-tindakan taktis untuk dijalankan setiap harinya. Dalam hal perancangan tindakan taktis tersebut, manajer warnet diharapkan:

1. Manajer Warnet bertugas menyusun program-program promosi yang sifatnya edukatif dan positif terhadap para pelanggan warnet dan pengguna potensial dari masyarakat atau komunitas sekitar.

2. Manajer Warnet bertugas memasang software yang dibutuhkan baik di komputer server maupun komputer client, baik software standar Internet maupun software filter pornografi.

3. Manajer Warnet bertugas menetapkan aturan untuk menitipkan kartu identitas bagi para penyewa warnet, dan meminta admin warnet untuk mencatat secara rinci identitas penyewa warnet tersebut, jam masuk serta jam keluarnya. Dimungkinkan pula untuk membuat semacam registrasi anggota, sehingga penyewa yang telah menjadi anggota tidak perlu menunjukkan kartu identitasnya setiap kali menyewa, cukup hanya menunjukkan kartu anggotanya untuk dicatat nomor registrasinya.

4. Manajer Warnet seharusnya memasang himbauan berupa pamflet atau brosur kepada penyewa warnet untuk tidak melakukan tindakan negatif semisal membuka pornografi dan aksi cybercrime.
5. Manajer Warnet bersama dengan admin, menyusun metode keamanan untuk melindungi warnet dari ancaman kejahatan semisal perampokan ataupun pencurian piranti/peripherals komputer, serta menyusun langkah-langkah strategis dalam mengembangkan warnet yang menguntungkan dari aspek bisnis dan tetap bertanggung-jawab dari aspek sosial dan kepentingan penyewa/konsumen.

6. Manajer Warnet didalam menunjuk seorang admin, haruslah orang yang memahami benar tentang operasional warnet dan teknologi Internet (software maupun hardware), memiliki kemampuan teknis yang memadai, serta memiliki rasa tanggung-jawab dan peka terhadap kondisi sosial masyarakat sekitar.

7. Manajer Warnet di dalam memberikan kompensasi yang memadai bagi operasional admin.

8. Manajer Warnet selalu melakukan koordinasi dengan pemilik modal dan admin.

Admin Warnet

yaitu seseorang yang bertanggung-jawab sehari-hari dalam menjalankan aktifitas bisnis warnet secara operasional. Dalam aktifitas operasional tersebut, admin warnet diharapkan:

1. Admin Warnet bertugas membantu penyewa dalam mendapatkan kualitas Internet yang setara dengan yang dijanjikan atau uang yang dikeluarkan, serta memberikan kompensasi tertentu kepada penyewa apabila tidak dapat terlaksana, sesuai dengan program yang telah disusun bersama dengan manajer.

2. Admin Warnet bertugas memahami dan mampu memfungsikan berbagai jenis software standar yang digunakan untuk Internet, termasuk software filter pornografi dan software pendeteksi software trojan/spy/keylogger.

3. Admin Warnet bertugas untuk menyediakan dan menerangkan informasi-informasi positif yang dibutuhkan oleh penyewa serta menjalankan program promosi yang telah disusun bersama dengan manajer.

4. Admin Warnet bertugas memberi ketegasan kepada para penyewa untuk tidak melakukan aktifitas negatif melalui Internet, semisal cybercrime dan pornografi.

5. Admin Warnet bertugas meminta para penyewa untuk menitipkan kartu identitas atau kartu anggota mereka dan mencatatnya secara lengkap, termasuk waktu masuk dan keluarnya.

6. Admin Warnet harus Mewaspadai setiap penyewa warnet dan keadaan sekitar warnet untuk mengantisipasi setiap ancaman kejahatan semisal perampokan dan pencurian piranti/peripherals komputer, sesuai dengan metode keamanan yang telah disusun bersama dengan manajer.

7. Admin Warnet bertugas tidak melakukan, memberitahu, memfasilitasi atau menganjurkan hal-hal yang dapat menimbulkan aktifitas cybercrime dan pornografi.

8. Admin Warnet selalu berkoordinasi dengan manajer.

Operator Warnet

yaitu orang yang bertugas melayani user atau konsumen warnet setiap. Hal-hal yang harus diperhatikan antara lain :
1. Operator juga harus berusaha melayani sebaik-baiknya jangan chatting melulu.
2. Operator harus menjaga kebersihan ditempat kerjanya.
3. Operator harus bisa menjaga kenyamanan user.
4. Operator harus tanggap terhadap user yang mengeluh atau komplain.
5. Operator harus selalu standby di tempat kerjanya saat bekerja.
6. Operator dalam melayani konsumen selalu tersenyum atau memberikan kesan yang baik.

Warnet DNPNET beroperasi pada Desember 1999, dimana pendirinya adalah saya, temen saya yang bernama DP sebagai Manajer, ibunya yg bernama EI sebagai Pemilik Modal dan JW sebagai Admin merangkap Keuangan CV DNP. Saya disini hanya modal kemampuan komputer bukan uang. Awalnya berdirinya jumlah komputer 3 untuk user dan 1 untuk server. Perkembangannya sekarang sudah memiliki 11 komputer user dan server tetap 1. Operator juga bertambah untuk menggantikan saya ketika saya harus kuliah.
Sampai dengan akhir tahun 2004 profit yang dihasilkan di atas rata-rata pendapatan warnet lain dan kondisi organisasi dalam kondisi yang sangat kondusif. Tapi pada awal 2005 temen saya (DP) melanjutkan kuliah S2 dan bekerja di Australia, manajer diambil alih oleh ibunya (EI) yang sama sekali tidak mengerti tentang TI karena memang beliau hanya end-user saja.
Peralihan ini menyebabkan kondisi menjadi tidak kondusif. Walaupun DP tetap mengontrol dari jauh tapi decision makernya adalahnya EI. Sering saya sebagai operator berkoordinasi dengan Admin dan DP dengan ide-ide atau inovasi untuk membuat warnet semakin grow tapi ujung-ujungnya keputusan tidak sesuai dengan yang diharapkan karena ketika rapat koordinasi, EI memutuskan sepihak dan kadang-kadang tidak relevan dengan kondisi TI atau warnet pada saat itu.
Selain itu EI tidak dapat memotivasi anak buahnya sehingga yang terjadi admin dan operator tidak mempunyai semangat untuk maju atau hanya main aman saja (yang penting digaji), ditraining pun tidak. Hal lain adalah karena hardware dan software tidak update, operator malas untuk melakukan layanan yang sesuai atau memperbaiki jika terjadi masalah.
Pada akhirnya banyak keputusan-keputusan yang merugikan DNPNET sendiri, seperti tidak updatenya hardware dan software karena EI menganggap update itu bisa membuat cost semakin besar dan beliau tidak menganggap sebagai investasi. Kondisi ini menyebabkan komputer yang digunakan user menjadi lambat karena software-software baru membutuhkan spesifikasi yang tinggi. Keputusan lainnya adalah mempekerjakan bagian keuangan (JW) menjadi admin sekaligus operator warnet sehingga JW menjadi tidak fokus ke keuangan CV DNP secara total. Alhasil perhitungan keuangan ketiga unit bisnis itu menjadi amburadul.
Imbas kepindahan DP juga membuat unit bisnis Pembuatan Web menjadi berantakan karena tidak ada manajer yang menghasikan keputusan yang tepat sedangkan programer webnya kebanyakan freelance. Keadaan saat ini, unit bisnis ini hampir bangkrut karena sistem organisasinya yang tidak baik sehingga cost lebih besar dari profit atau malah tidak ada profit.
Karena sudah hampir bangkrut cost dibebankan ke warnet yang sebenarnya profitnya semakin kecil. Operator pun silih berganti karena tidak kondusifnya situasi kerja termasuk saya yang hengkang tahun 2006 karena mencari tantangan dan tentunya salary/benefit lebih baik.
Kondisi ini sampai sekarang masih terjadi walaupun salah satu temen saya yang lain (DK) menjadi manajer warnet sekaligus manajer pembuatan web, keputusan akhir tetap di EI sehingga 2 unit bisnis ini hanya gitu-gitu saja, yang akhirnya berimbas kepada unit bisnis satu lagi, yaitu toko buku online, yang ikut-ikutan tidak berkembang.
Pelanggan lama banyak yang mulai meninggalkan DNPNET karena mereka merasakan komputer semakin lambat, begitu pula dengan akses internet yang semakin lambat dan pelayanan pun semakin tidak bagus (scan dokumen lama, print lama, dll). Pelanggan baru pun tidak berbeda jauh ketidakpuasannya dengan pelanggan lama. Belum lagi hantaman dari berjamurnya notebook, netbook, smartphone, akses internet murah yang mulai masuk ke rumah-rumah (Speedy, Cablevision, dll). Selain itu momok game online juga mulai merajalela sehingga yang ke warnet hanyalah orang-orang tua yang ngetik atau hanya sekedar liat Facebook saja. Beberapa intervensi sempat dilakukan saya, JW maupun DK terhadap keputusan EI sulit sekali dirubah apalagi kalo berhubungan dengan cost. Akhirnya sekarang DNPNET hanya bertahan untuk survive saja, untuk menjadi grow sudah sangat sulit sekali.

CAUSAL LOOP DIAGRAM (CLD)

REINFORCING
Berdasarkan CLD di atas terlihat terjadi Reinforcing karena semakin lama profit semakin turun karena penurunan di setiap elemen causal.
Keterangan:
1. Tingkat Pengetahuan IT Pemilik Modal/Manajer = rendah 2. Tingkat Update Hardware dan Software = kurang 3. Tingkat Pelayanan Kepada Pelanggan = rendah 4. Tingkat Retention = rendah 5. Tingkat Profit = rendah

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...Lately, the concept of unconscious bias or “hidden bias” has come into the forefront of our work as diversity advocates because the dynamics of diversity are changing as we enter the 21st Century. Our tradition paradigm has generally assumed that patterns of discriminatory behavior in organizations are conscious; that people who know better do the right thing, and those who do not cause bias. As a result, we have developed a “good person/bad person” paradigm of diversity: a belief that good people are not biased, but inclusive, and that bad people are the biased ones (R. Cook 2008). Forms of unconscious bias with foreign employees: Out of the 10 unconscious biases mentioned in the article by Cook Ross (2014), I have noted the following to have a negative impact on the international business relations. Diagnosis bias, having foreign employees from India, employees make a quick decision on how to act with a person just based on initial perceived opinion. Pattern recognition, employees decide that if the Indian employee has completed a task wrong once before, they will do it wrongly again. Value attribution, employees consider that foreign Indian employees have values that they take for granted. Confirmational behavior, employees in Finland have noted to consider that what confirms their beliefs and then ignore what contradicts their beliefs while also disregarding the facts that contradict their points of view. Automatic perception, the Finnish employees have a reflexive reaction...

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Hello World

...NAV = Market value of assets - liabilities Shares outstanding HPR(Funds) = Income Dist. +Capital Gain Dist. +Ending NAV-Beginning NAV)Beginning NAV Portfolio Turnover = ($ Sold & Repurchased)Average Daily Assets Tax Efficiency = Tax-Adjusted ReturnPre-Tax Return Average Holding Period = 12 months / (portfolio turnover/100) HPR = (Ending Price-Beginning Price+Cash Divi.)Beginning Price Arithmetic Mean = Simple Average = (R1 + R2 + …+ Rn) /n Geometric Mean = Time-weighted Average Return = 1+R1*…*1+Rn 1n-1 * Account for time value but ignore the size of cash flow * More volatility, the bigger the difference between AM and GM Always quote annual rates APR = Annual % Rate; EAR = Effective annual rate (Takes into account of compounding) EAR = 1+Rate per period 1n-1 1 stdev = 68.2%, 2 = 95.44, 3 = 99.74 Systematic risk – Market Risk, liquidity risk Unsystematic risk – Industry or company specific risk VAR = ε(Ri-R) 2(n-1), Expected Return = E (R ) = E Pi *Ri Coefficient of Variation = Risk Per Unit of Return = St. Dev/ R Stop Loss – Sell if price fall below a certain level Stop buy – Buy if the price rise above a limit Limit Buy – buy some number of shares if and when they may be obtained at or below a target price Limit sell – sell if and when the stock price rises above a specified limit Margin = P*Q-(Loan)P*Q = Equity/Value of Stock Short Margin = P*Q+E-(P1*Q)P1*Q Hedge Fund – Price once a day, active, costly...

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