...Child labour Strategic Issue Report Author: Stephie Daniel Angel Introduction Throughout the world, especially in the less-developed countries, an immeasurable amount of children have been involved in what has been called child labour, and its prevalence has now sparked much worry. Child labour can be defined as any work that is harmful to a child’s health or interrupt a child’s education (International Labour Organisation, 2012). According to the International Labour Organisation (ILO), there were approximately 153 million child labourers aged 5-14 worldwide in 2008 and this number has increased to 250 million nowadays. Also, ILO investigated that 60 percent of the child labour was engaged in agricultural work such as farming, dairy and fisheries. The rest is in service industries and manufacturing, 25% and 15% respectively (Diallo, et al., 2010). Child labour is difficult to deal with because of the number of sections and categorization of child labour. It is not only because of poverty but also the surrounding societal and cultural causes. This report will examine the effects and implications of child labour, identify the causes, and propose some feasible solutions. Impacts Child labour is mentally, physically, socially dangerous and harmful to children, and also brings disadvantages to the development of economies across the world, especially in impoverished countries. Obviously and essentially, working in sweatshops and other inhumane conditions may...
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...------------------------------------------------- Child labour From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A succession of laws on child labour, the so-calledFactory Acts, were passed in Britain in the 19th century. Children younger than nine were not allowed to work, those aged 9-16 could work 16 hours per day per Cotton Mills Act. In 1856, the law permitted child labour past age 9, for 60 hours per week, night or day. In 1901, the permissible child labour age was raised to 12.[1][2] Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful.[3] This practice is considered exploitative by manyinternational organisations. Legislations across the world prohibit child labour.[4][5] These laws do not consider all work by children as child labour; exceptions include work by child artists, supervised training, certain categories of work such as those by Amish children, and others.[6][7] Child labour was employed to varying extents through most of history. Before 1940, numerous children aged 5–14 worked in Europe, the United States and various colonies of European powers. These children worked in agriculture, home-based assembly operations, factories, mining and in services such as newsies. Some worked night shifts lasting 12 hours. With the rise of household income, availability of schools and passage of child labour laws, the incidence...
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...Child labour Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful.[3] This practice is considered exploitative by many international organisations. Legislations across the world prohibit child labour.[4][5] These laws do not consider all work by children as child labour; exceptions include work by child artists, supervised training, certain categories of work such as those by Amish children, and others.[6][7] Child labour was employed to varying extents through most of history. Before 1940, numerous children aged 5–14 worked in Europe, the United States and various colonies of European powers. These children worked in agriculture, home-based assembly operations, factories, mining and in services such as newsies. Some worked night shifts lasting 12 hours. With the rise of household income, availability of schools and passage of child labour laws, the incidence rates of child labour fell.[8][9][10] In developing countries, with high poverty and poor schooling opportunities, child labour is still prevalent. In 2010, sub-saharan Africa had the highest incidence rates of child labour, with several African nations witnessing over 50 percent of children aged 5–14 working.[11] Worldwide agriculture is the largest employer of child labour.[12] Vast majority of child labour is found in rural settings and informal...
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...INTRODUCTION Child labour is an emotive subject,especially when young children are concerned,it evokes images of maltreatment and exploitation.According to the International Labour Office ,any activity other than study or play,remunerated or unremunerated,carried out by a person under the age of 15 years is defined as child labour (Cigno et. al 2002).Consolidated global statistics on child labour are elusive,because of the differing definitions and perceptions about what constitutes a child,child worker or child labour.For a large number of children who are forced to work in situations that compromise their developmet,child labour is an abuse of their fundamental human rights.The principal reason why such work is seen as morally and socially unacceptable is that such work hinders ‘the harmonious physical and mental development of the child’ (Murshed 2001).Child labour is mostly concentrated in Asia and Africa,which together account for more than 90 % of the total child employment.Asia is led by India which has more than 44 million child labourers and the largest child workforce in the world(Siddiqi & Patrinos n.d). The research is aimed at exploring factors that perpetuate child labour in India and study the policy implications for the international community with respect to trade,labour market regulation and legislation,role of international agencies and multinational companies and the need for increasing international awareness.The study elabotrates the demand and supply...
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...Child Labour, unsolvable? The International Labour Organisation (ILO) defines “Child Labour” as “work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental development”. It refers to work that is physically, morally and mentally dangerous for a child to engage in while also often depriving them of some of their basic human rights such as a right to an education. The types of work children are engaging in varies, from children working on a family farm or in the home to situations involving children working in hazardous environments such as manufacturing plants in Asia or mining and quarrying operations in Brazil and Colombia. However there is also a darker side to the child labour problem where many children are forced to engage in activities such as armed conflict, drug trafficking, prostitution and even slavery. It is important to note that child labour is not a thing of the past. It is still a huge problem worldwide. The ILO estimated that in the year 2000 there were as many as 246 million children worldwide engaged in some form of child labour with almost three quarters of these children engaged in the worst forms of child labour such as trafficking and prostitution. As of the year 2012 the worldwide figure has since fallen to approximately 168 million, a huge decrease in the number of children engaged in child labour. Most of these children live within the South East Asia and Pacific region where many children...
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...------------------------------------------------- Child labour in India From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Young boy stacking plates in Bangalore Child labor in India and rest of the world, per World Bank data. India is colored in green with 10-20% incidence levels, along with countries colored in red (30-40%) and black (>40%). Child labour in India is the practice where children engage in economic activity, on part-time or full-time basis. The practice deprives children of their childhood, and is harmful to their physical and mental development. Poverty, lack of good schools and growth of informal economy are considered as the important causes of child labour in India.[1][2] b The 2001 national census of India estimated the total number of child labour, aged 5–14, to be at 12.6 million.[3] Child labor problem is not unique to India; worldwide, about 215 million children work, many full-time.[4] In 2001, out of a 12.6 million, about 0.12 million children in India were in a hazardous job.[5]UNICEF estimates that India with its larger population, has the highest number of labourers in the world under 14 years of age, while sub-saharan African countries have the highest percentage of children who are deployed as child labour.[6][7][8] International Labour Organization estimates that agriculture at 60 percent is the largest employer of child labor in India,[9] while United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization estimates 70 percent of child labour is deployed in agriculture and related...
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...Child Labor – A Challenge the World is Facing Childhood is the most innocent stage in a human life. It is that phase of life where a child is free from all the tensions, fun-loving, play and learns new things, and is the sweetheart of all the family members. But this is only one side of the story. The other side is full of tensions and burdens. Here, the innocent child is not the sweetheart of the family members, instead he is an earning machine working the entire day in order to satisfy the needs and wants of his/her family. This is what is called 'CHILD LABOUR'. There are various causes and effects of child labour. Eliminating child labour is one of the biggest challenges that the whole world is facing. Child labour includes working children who are below a certain minimum age. This practice is going on since long and is one of the worst forms of child exploitation. Child labour not only causes damage to a child’s physical and mental health but also keep him deprive of his basic rights to education, development, and freedom. According to statistics provided by UNICEF, there are an estimated 250 million children aged 5 to 14 years employed in child labour worldwide and this figure is continuously increasing. Child labour is not only affecting under-developed and developing countries, but developed countries are also facing this though the rate is comparatively very less. Child labor in Asia accounts for the highest percentage of child labour (61%) followed by Africa (32%)...
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...Delhi Prime minister: Manmohan Singh Official language: Hindi Language, English Language Population: 1,241,491,960 (2011) World Bank Average income: Rs 50,000 Gross domestic product: 1.848 trillion USD (2011) World Bank. Statistics Statistics Child labor in India BBB4M Miss Doty 28/03/13 Child labor in India BBB4M Miss Doty 28/03/13 HARRIS, GARDINER. "Children Toil in India’s Mines, Despite Legal Ban." the new York times 25 Feb. 2013. Web. 27 Mar. 2013. International labor organization. ILO, n.d. Web. 27 Mar.2013.<http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/ child-labour/lang--en/index.htm#a2>. McDougall, Dan. The Guardian. N.p., 28 Oct. 2007. Web.27Mar.2013.<http://www.guardian.co.u k/world/2007/oct/28/ethicalbusiness.retail> Unicef. N.p., 10 Jan. 2013. Web. 27 Mar. 2013. <http://www.unicef.org/protection/57929_58 009.html>. Wisom jobs. N.p., 10 Feb. 2012. Web. 27 Mar. 2013. <http://blog.wisdomjobs.com/child-labour- in-india/>. HARRIS, GARDINER. "Children Toil in India’s Mines, Despite Legal Ban." the new York times 25 Feb. 2013. Web. 27 Mar. 2013. International labor organization. ILO, n.d. Web. 27 Mar.2013.<http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/ child-labour/lang--en/index.htm#a2>. McDougall, Dan. The Guardian. N.p., 28 Oct. 2007. Web.27Mar.2013.<http://www.guardian.co.u k/world/2007/oct/28/ethicalbusiness.retail> Unicef. N.p., 10 Jan. 2013. Web. 27 Mar. 2013. <http://www.unicef.org/protection/57929_58...
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...Child Labour in Bangladesh Child Labour in Bangladesh Introduction : Child labour is one of the major problems in a developing country such as Bangladesh. It engineers the demolition of futuregenerations. If a child is made to work from a early age, with no scope ofgoing to school, we are gradually narrowing the nations potential to a fewprivileged people of the country. Thus, it is more practical to work at a firmpolicy to gradually reduce it, and set up safe homes for working children. Inthis regard, The Bangladesh government has made a policy commitment tothe issue of child rights. This includes a number of steps taken in recentyears as ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Child (CRC) in 1991,formulation of the National Policy on Children in 1994 and the National Planof Action for Children 1997-2000. Despite the adoption of these policy measures, it is important to see that these conventions are actually carriedout and that the commitment are met continually. Definitions of child labour : The child labour has been defined asthe employment of children under a certain age, set by national orinternational child labour laws. ILO Convention 138 sets 15 as the minimum age for admission to full time employment and 13 for lightpart time work. ln countries with insulhciently developed economicsand educational facilities, these ages are 14 and 12 respectively. For all hazardous works, the lower age limit is 18 years.According to Employment of Children Act—1938, amended...
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...1.1 Prelude to Child Labour Child is the father of a man. Child is the wealth of a state. Child is the hope and future of a nation. Child is the precursor of human civilization. When the child is so important in the life of a nation; he can neither be ignored nor neglected in the onward march of a world civilization. Children should therefore be properly reared up for the sake of human civilization, for the sake of a nation and its government. Environment should be so created that a child may properly grow physically; mentally as well as intellectually to play its role in tomorrow’s society. Child is the continuation of human civilization and bears the testimony of parenthood and generation. He is the foundation of a family, a society, a nation and the world as a whole. He requires careful and effective measures for his proper nourishment by the concerned person and authority. He is to be provided with the basics he requires. But unfortunately this does not prevail all over the world equally specially in the developing countries. A few fortunate children of these countries are provided with the basics while the rest are denied of their basic needs, physical and mental growth. They are compelled to offer labour for their livelihood before they attain majority. They work with the hammer and the spade instead of working with the book and the pencil. Sometimes, circumstantially they go into the clutches of anti-social elements, creating law and order problems and finally they...
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...Introduction : Child labour is one of the major problems in a developing country such as Bangladesh. It engineers the demolition of futuregenerations. If a child is made to work from a early age, with no scope ofgoing to school, we are gradually narrowing the nations potential to a fewprivileged people of the country. Thus, it is more practical to work at a firmpolicy to gradually reduce it, and set up safe homes for working children. Inthis regard, The Bangladesh government has made a policy commitment tothe issue of child rights. This includes a number of steps taken in recentyears as ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Child (CRC) in 1991,formulation of the National Policy on Children in 1994 and the National Planof Action for Children 1997-2000. Despite the adoption of these policy measures, it is important to see that these conventions are actually carriedout and that the commitment are met continually. Definitions of child labour : The child labour has been defined asthe employment of children under a certain age, set by national orinternational child labour laws. ILO Convention 138 sets 15 as the minimum age for admission to full time employment and 13 for lightpart time work. ln countries with insulhciently developed economicsand educational facilities, these ages are 14 and 12 respectively. For all hazardous works, the lower age limit is 18 years.According to Employment of Children Act—1938, amended in 1951, achild under 17 years can not be employed. Child labour...
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...orking conditions and health hazards, inadequate facility for education and training etc. to working child. They have also studied the child labour in different occupations in Bombay City. 3.4 Child Labour in India – by Jinesh Chandra Kulshreshtha– Ashish Publishing House New Delhi – 1978 Dr. Kulshreshtha in his studies has conducted an extensive review of literature regarding child labour. Dr. Kulshreshtha found in his study that poverty has been the major factor for the prevalent of child labour practices in India who are occasionally misused by privileged class, it employers and contractors to hire them at very low wages and with no better working condition. 3.5 Child Labour in India – by Lakshmidhar Mishra – Oxford University Press –...
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...trafficked and were literally sold by middle man. GAP has shown the intent by international company should work against child labour and it is heartening to see that the Indian law enforcement is following suit. Such incidents show that holistic perspective is required in eliminating child labour form co-operations, civil society the government and law enforcement. We firmly believe that co-operates and the business houses should continue to work with India and cancellation of the orders is not a solution. Instead of cancelling the order the Business Houses should make sure that where ever their production is going on the manufacturing units shouldn’t employ children and also regularly monitor their contractors and sub-contractors to assure that they are not violating any labour law”. Slave Kids Driving Economic Growth “10-year-old unpaid workers who help clothing giants make billions.” “GAP slave kids is a gloomy reality of Indian Growing economy.” “Indian 'slave' children found making low-cost clothes destined for Gap” October 28, 2007, The Observer. These are some of the news headlines flashing across the world today. It is disheartening to just imagine that an embroidered top that you are buying for your child is made by another 10-year-old who whose life was trade into slavery for a mere Rs. 1000 ($ 25). Western Brands and Designers have been looking for cheap labour in India but in the profit oriented business they forget to monitor that in glimmering, the future of thousands...
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...Child labor is one of the many concerns in the Philippines and, most disturbingly, one of the most rampant problems we face. In the endeavor to create an awareness of an already existing law that is evidently not properly implemented, child labor clearly falls within this category. Every child has the right to the most basic of necessities in life like a healthy environment, formal education, and most importantly, a loving family to come home to. Yet, poverty hinders the child to any of these things and forces labor in farming fields, mining shafts and peddling in the busy and dangerous streets of the country. Child labor remains a serious problem in the country, with millions of children failing to get decent education as they spend their youth working to augment their parents' income. There are many causes of child labor. However, a closer look into those causes can help end the exploitation around the world. Businesses or corporations around the world are one of the major causes. Due to their influence and money driven attitudes, many factories are placed strategically in poor areas. This is to attract cheap labor and millions of children end up working for them. Another cause is the lack of protection from governments. Many developing nations and some industrial countries fail to provide millions of children proper education. Poverty may be the biggest cause of child labor. Child labour refers to the employment of children at regular and sustained labour. This practice...
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...“CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA- ISSUES AND RESPONSES” By Mr. Sandip B. Satbhai (Asst. Prof.) CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA- ISSUES AND RESPONSES “A Child is a father of the Man” -William Wordsworth1. Introduction: We can easily recognize the importance of the Child. The above statement has wide scope for interpretation. Child is very important for the development of the society at large. The development of the Nation is exclusively based on the status of the Child. It is also true that this is one of the vulnerable groups in the society. We can also further add that Children are the Assets of the Nation. Children plays very significant role in the Nation building. All these make obligatory on everyone to protect and provide various safeguards to the children. It is our prime duty to provide care and protection towards children as they are innocent. For the progress of the community at large we need to pay attention towards education of children. In reality there are various social evils with children; one of them is Child Labour. The Child Labour system is in existence in developing and underdeveloped counties. As per the information available, India is one of the Countries where in large number of children below the age of 14 years working in various organizations. If there is no proper distribution of work among the member of the society then children automatically forced to do work for their survival. Unemployment of adult members of the particular family results into Child Labour. In...
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