...eBay Inc.: A Case Study of Organizational Change Underlying Technical Infrastructure Optimization Nicole Schuetz*, Anna Kovaleva* and Jonathan Koomey**, *Stanford Graduate School of Business & Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University **Steyer-Taylor Center for Energy Policy and Finance and Stanford University Steyer-Taylor Center for Energy Policy and Finance, Stanford University Stanford Law School Crown Quadrangle 559 Nathan Abbott Way Stanford, CA 94305 September 26, 2013 http://www.law.stanford.edu/organizations/programs-and-centers/steyer-taylor-centerfor-energy-policy-and-finance/publications Short URL: http://goo.gl/qDf4rp 1 2 eBay Inc.: A Case Study of Organizational Change Underlying Technical Infrastructure Optimization Nicole Schuetz*, Anna Kovaleva*, and Jonathan Koomey** *Stanford Graduate School of Business & Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University **Steyer-Taylor Center for Energy Policy and Finance, Stanford University Executive Summary This work provides a case study of the organizational changes necessary at eBay Inc. to support the development and operation of efficient data center infrastructure, hardware, and software. As a part of this process, the eBay Inc. infrastructure Engineering and Operations team (responsible for the delivery of technical services...
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...Strategic Choice & Evaluation Paper STR/581 March 17, 2014 Victor Rayneri Executive Summary The University of New Mexico Medical Group, Inc. (UNMMG) was created in 2007 under the University Research Park and Economic Development Act in Albuquerque, New Mexico. UNMMG is classified as a not-for-profit corporation. UNMMG currently employs 900 clinical practitioners, represents 152 specialties who are exclusive caregivers to the state’s only academic medical center – University of New Mexico Hospital (UNMH) ("Review Of University Of New Mexico Medical Group, Inc. Operations", 2013). UNMMG is a multi-specialty group practice that operates 11 clinics in addition to attending at the 76 clinics at UNMH in Albuquerque area ("UNM Medical Group", 2014). UNMMG reports to the UNM Health Systems, which is comprised of the UNM School of Medicine, UNM Hospitals, UNM Sandoval Regional Medical Center, UNM Cancer Center, UNM College of Nursing and the UNM College of Pharmacy. Being the only academic medical center, UNMMG has to compete with other healthcare facilities in the area and in the state to provide high quality and innovation academic medicine. In order to realize growth for any organization, they need to evaluate alternatives such as strategies to maintain a competitive edge among its competitors. Strategies such as the best value discipline, generic strategy, and grand strategy should be identified for the organization. Strategy recommendations and recognitions...
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...J C Penney Company, Inc. is an apparel and home-furnishing retailer (JC Penney Company, Inc., 2014). The Company is dedicated to being a preferred retail location for unparalleled attractive, quality, and value at approximately 1,100 stores and at jcp.com (Penney, 2013) . Customers have discovered an inspiring shopping environment that includes a collection of private and exclusive brands along with many new and exciting attractions (Penney, 2013). More than a century ago, James Cash Penney founded the company as an active and responsible community member thus earning a distinctive place amongst American families (Penney, 2013). Mr. Penney opened the first store and practiced many courtesies that are now commonplace (Columbia Business School, 2001). Practices such as money-back returns, uniform pricing, quality merchandise, and pleasant customer service set the store apart from the competition (Columbia Business School, 2001). By investing in the business and remaining committed helped build the company’s legacy. This mode of corporate citizenship continues to contribute to the advancement of social, environmental, and ethical standards (Penney, 2013). In fact, adherence to high ethical standards is an integral part of the organization’s legacy and is vital to shareholders, customers, and suppliers (Penney, 2013). The author will evaluate the changes of J C Penney’s management style, explain the shift from a catalog-based retailer, and discuss the decision to use celebrities...
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...Family Conflicts, Transition, and Connection Brenda Hawkins Strayer University Dr. Dwight Heaster Business Administration Abstract This paper describes how successful Meritex Enterprises, Inc. has been at recognizing and satisfying stakeholder interests; the mechanisms available in managing relationships with stakeholders to influence the strategic direction and performance of the company; why the board of directors for Space Center Enterprises was or was not successful in fulfilling its governance role and in meeting the challenges it faced; and why Harry “Paddy” McNeely III, was or was not, qualified to fill in his father’s footsteps as CEO of the newly-merged Meritex organization, based on strategic leadership roles. Meritex Enterprises Inc. was successful recognizing and satisfying stakeholders (2010) interests in the company by diversifying into three core businesses involving warehousing, third-party logistics, and facilities modernization. The mechanisms available to senior leadership were the diversification strategies to expand business. The newly elected CEO and Chairman, Paddy McNeely’s implementation of the related diversification strategy enabled him to restructure the company, by negotiating buyout of the management company, Space Center Enterprises. Space Center Enterprises was success in fulfilling its governance role by electing Harry “Paddy” McNeely III, to the most important position in the company, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and resolving...
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...Diana Brooks Future Tek, Inc. 28345 Beck Rd. Suite 101 Wixom, MI 48393 August 20, 2012 Tracy Birch Contracting Manager J Avenue DDC J7-AB, Bldg. 404 New Cumberland, PA 17070-5001 Dear Tracy Birch: Attached is our proposal for solicitation #SP3300-12-R-0007 for the On-Site Support Services project. This proposal assumes that if it is granted, all parties will work together to develop an on-site support service that is both robust and reliable for a lower price than our competitors. We are currently offering a 20% discount for our entire list of services or 10% on the minimal required services to complete this ongoing project. Please keep in mind that this proposal is based on information provided at this time. Any revisions made to the solicitation after today will be subject to a price review. We reserve the right to withdraw this bid if it is not accepted within 45 days. Thank you for giving us this opportunity. I look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, Diana Brooks Sales Contract Manager I have enclosed a copy of Future Tek, Inc.’s resume, technical capabilities and pricing information. Copyright © 1998 by Ann Poe Future Tek, Inc. has been in the Information Technology for a total of 11 years. During those years we’ve dealt mainly with the integration of new information technology systems into Financial based institutions. We are looking to not only expand our services to other industries outside of banking. After reviewing the bid solicitation...
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...Family Conflicts, Transition, and Connection Brenda Hawkins Strayer University Dr. Dwight Heaster Business Administration Abstract This paper describes how successful Meritex Enterprises, Inc. has been at recognizing and satisfying stakeholder interests; the mechanisms available in managing relationships with stakeholders to influence the strategic direction and performance of the company; why the board of directors for Space Center Enterprises was or was not successful in fulfilling its governance role and in meeting the challenges it faced; and why Harry “Paddy” McNeely III, was or was not, qualified to fill in his father’s footsteps as CEO of the newly-merged Meritex organization, based on strategic leadership roles. Meritex Enterprises Inc. was successful recognizing and satisfying stakeholders (2010) interests in the company by diversifying into three core businesses involving warehousing, third-party logistics, and facilities modernization. The mechanisms available to senior leadership were the diversification strategies to expand business. The newly elected CEO and Chairman, Paddy McNeely’s implementation of the related diversification strategy enabled him to restructure the company, by negotiating buyout of the management company, Space Center Enterprises. Space Center Enterprises was success in fulfilling its governance role by electing Harry “Paddy” McNeely III, to the most important position in the company, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and resolving...
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...Abstract Organizational leadership relates to the elements/content of organizational culture. Through the process of group/team formation within the organization, leaders develop/apply varying leadership styles to enhance/ influence individual performance. Implementation strategies for managing the group process are identified to enhance group/team performance within all levels of the organization while examining the roles/interaction of its members. The purpose is to analyze efforts other organizations take and help Gene One formulate improvement initiatives/alternatives. The focus is to guide Gene One toward incorporating leadership styles that will transform the organization into a publicly held corporation while developing strategies to manage the group/team process through conflict resolution methods and appropriate role/interaction methodologies leading to transformational changes that will benefit all stakeholders. Organizations today must continually evolve, change, and enhance current ways of operating in order to maintain market penetration or grow. The most successful organizations are those who employ leaders capable of visualizing the transformational changes necessary to mitigate the threat of competition. These leaders are skilled at sharing their vision and engaging the workforce in a corporate culture where associates feel valued and empowered. Through this type of culture, leaders cultivate their visions for change and inspire associates to...
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...work, one thing is true: If you need to influence others to work toward organizational goals, then you are a leader. We all have our own way of leading. What’s My Leadership Style? will provide you with some insight into your way of leading others — the first step in learning to lead effectively. Directions Think of a situation in which you needed to get others to work toward a goal. Now picture yourself in action. What do you see yourself doing to influence others to get the job done? Most likely, you influence others in a variety of ways. But some of the actions you take to influence people are more characteristic of you than others. On the Response Form, you will find 20 pairs of characteristic leadership actions. For each pair, assign a total of 5 points by dividing the points between both actions. The numbers you assign each action should capture the degree to which you tend to use a particular action when getting others to work toward a goal. Use any combination that adds up to 5 points (5-0; 4-1; 3-2), but do not use fractions. Example: a. 0 Offer support 5 Assume control b. 1 Offer support 4 Assume control c. 2 Offer support 3 Assume control © 2001 Organization Design and Development., Inc. Response Form Directions: For each pair of leadership actions below, assign a total of 5 points by dividing the points between both actions. Use any combination that adds up to 5 points, but do not use fractions. When...
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...LEADERSHIP Path-Goal Theory LEADERSHIP Path-Goal Theory 2 Overview Path-Goal Theory Perspective Path-Goal Theory Conditions of Leadership Motivation Leader Behaviors & Subordinate Characteristics Task Characteristics How Does the PGT Approach Work? Northouse - Leadership Theory and Practice, Sixth Edition © 2012 SAGE Publications, Inc. LEADERSHIP Path-Goal Theory 3 LEADERSHIP Path-Goal Theory 4 Path-Goal Theory (House, 1971) Description Path-Goal Theory (House, 1971) Description Definition Perspective Path-goal theory centers on how leaders Goal - To enhance employee performance and motivate subordinates to accomplish designated goals satisfaction by focusing on employee motivation Motivational Principles (based on Expectancy Theory) - Subordinates will be motivated if they believe: Emphasizes the relationship between they are capable of performing their work the leader’s style that their efforts will result in a certain outcome the characteristics of the subordinates that the payoffs for doing their work are worthwhile the work setting Northouse - Leadership Theory and Practice, Sixth Edition © 2012 SAGE Publications, Inc. LEADERSHIP Path-Goal Theory Challenge to Leader Use a Leadership Style that best meets subordinates’ motivational needs Choose behaviors that complement or supplement what is missing in the work setting Enhance goal attainment...
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...MOUNTAIN WEST HEALTH PLANS INC PROBLEM 1. Increasing number of complaints from subscribers on inaccurate information. 2. Downward trend of department’s morale. 3. Higher employee turn-over rate at 30 percent from the previous 10 percent. OBJECTIVES 1. To give Rasmussen a fair and deserving evaluation, commending his strengths and pointing his weaknesses. 2. To reduce subscribers complaints on in-accurate information. 3. To improve employee morale and lower the turn-over rate. 4. To continue on cost cutting measures. ANALYSIS Internal Factors Management -the management wanted the customer service department to cut on cost and implement efficiency oriented systems. Technology The use of software that generates automated work schedules is more efficient and effective than the flexible scheduling used by Gustafson. Leadership Rasmussen is a job-oriented leader, trying to impress his bosses by seeing to it that the tasks given to him, bringing cost under control, are attained. Maybe as a new graduate, he may be knowledgeable in business process applications but he may also lack some subordinate handling experiences, which by the way he could learn as he go on. Employees The employees’ morale was spiraling downward and the turnover rate is at 30 percent and climbing. Maybe they felt more pressured with the new systems implemented on their department and the reasons for doing those changes may have not been communicated properly to them. External...
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...Cover Sheet Capstone Proposal Project Name: Upgrading ABC Inc. Internet Edge Student Name: Michael Wakefield Degree Program: Bachelor of Science IT-Security Mentor Name: Signature Block Student’s Signature Mentor’s Signature Table of Contents Capstone Proposal Summary 1 Review of Other Work 8 Rationale and Systems Analysis 16 Goals and Objectives 22 Project Deliverables 26 Project Plan and Timelines 27 References 28 Appendix 1: Competency Matrix 4 Capstone Proposal Summary Internet of Everything (IoE) and “Big Data” equates to competitive advantages to the modern business landscape. Numerous white papers are circulating on the Internet highlighting the business case supporting the IoE initiative. For instance, in a white paper conducted by Cisco Inc. on the Value Index of IoE in 2013 reported the following: In February 2013, Cisco released a study predicting that $14.4 trillion of value (net profit) will be at stake globally over the next decade, driven by connecting the unconnected –people-to-people (P2P), machine-to-people (M2P), and machine-to-machine (M2M) - via the Internet of Everything (IoE). Cisco defines the Internet of Everything as the networked connection of people, process, data, and things. The IoE creates new “capabilities, richer experiences, and unprecedented economic opportunity for businesses, individuals, and countries” (The Internet of Everything, Cisco, Inc. 2014). With such a lofty goal looming, and the monetary...
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...motivate followers to accomplish designated goals. Drawing heavily from research on what motivates followers, path–goal theory first appeared in the leadership literature in the early 1970s in the works of Evans (1970), House (1971), House and Dessler (1974), and House and Mitchell (1974). The stated goal of this leadership theory is to enhance follower performance and follower satisfaction by focusing on follower motivation. D o no tc op y, In contrast to the situational approach, which suggests that a leader must adapt to the development level of followers (see Chapter 5), path–goal theory emphasizes the relationship between the leader’s style and the characteristics of the followers and the organizational setting. For the leader, the imperative is to use a leadership style that best meets followers’ motivational needs. This is done by choosing behaviors that complement or supplement what is missing in the work setting. Leaders try to enhance followers’ goal attainment by providing information or rewards in the work environment (Indvik, 1986); leaders provide followers with the elements they think followers need to reach their goals. According to House and Mitchell (1974), leadership generates motivation when it increases the number and kinds of payoffs that followers receive from their work. Leadership also motivates when it makes the path to the goal clear and easy to travel through coaching and direction, removing obstacles and roadblocks to...
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...organization that meet the following factors: great leadership, sources of power, motivational theories, and commitment of the workforce. The most important factor is leadership. Bonita C. Stewart, is the vice-president of U.S. sales for Google. According to Stewart, “It is very important, especially today, to lead from behind, and to inspire risk taking as well as innovative thinking. It takes courage to be able to do that. But at the same time, you have to have a depth of knowledge and expertise” (Chappell, 2011, para. 2). It is very important to have discipline to achieve your goals. At Google they have a flat structure rather than a bottom up hierarchy; they believe everybody can come up with great ideas. Having a flat structure makes every employee feel equally important. Eric Schmidt said in an interview, “Google is run by its culture and not by me….We operate under the assumption that everyone including me is extremely dispensable, because ultimately Google is bigger than the individuals who make it. Google is about a mission” (Carlson, 2009, para 3). Organizations use different sources of power that affect group and organizational communication. There are five sources: expert power, positional power, reward power, coercive power, and personal power. “Some of the programs we offer at our U.S. headquarters include a world-class children’s center, a wellness center with on-site physicians, four full-service fitness centers, and massage services. We also provide gourmet...
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...Built to Change Please note that gray areas reflect artwork that has been intentionally removed. The substantive content of the article appears as originally published. REPRINT NUMBER 48107 IN CONTEXT Designing Organizations That Are Built to Change As the pace of globalization and social change quickens, executives are correctly calling for greater agilit y, flexibilit y and innovation from their companies. Largely ignored in these pleas, however, is the simple fact that organizations have been designed to seek sustainable competitive advantages and stability. Indeed, buried deep in the managerial psyche, and bolstered by decades of theory and practice, is the assumption that stability is not only desirable and effective but also attainable. In their classic book The Social Psychology of Organizations, Daniel Katz and Robert L. Kahn note, “One can define the core problem of any social system as reducing the variability and instability of human actions to uniform and dependable patterns.” The popularity of process improvement efforts, from total quality management to Six Sigma programs, provides ample evidence of the consuming desire for stability and predictability in today’s organizations. In fact, those are the very qualities rewarded by the financial markets. It is not surprising, then, that most large-scale change efforts fail to meet their expectations. A major problem is that many of those efforts have focused primarily on developing more effective change models...
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... Leadership is lifting a person’s vision to high sights, the raising of a person’s performance to a higher standard, the building of a personality beyond its normal limitations. —Peter Drucker Leadership is the ability to influence followers to achieve common goals through shared purposes (Rost, 1993; Rost & Barker, 2000). Throughout time, we have seen good and bad examples of leadership that has influenced us all. The time has been able to tell a tale of leadership throughout the ages and where implementation of innovative ideas can take an organization. Ethical leaders of today have big shoes to fill, but courage will be the driving force to see each vision precisely administered to grasp success. So what makes a good leader versus a bad one? The importance of ethics would be the foundation for truth and clarity in a good leader. Ethics is the discipline dealing with what is good and what is bad, with moral duty and obligation. I feel that ethical leadership is important because it builds the foundation for others to believe in you as a leader and their willingness to follow. If you maintain this critical value, others will trust in you as you make tough decisions not only for yourself but the organization as a whole. “This sense of connectedness fosters trust, which leads to commitment, loyalty, and closer relationships with followers.” (Weiss, 2011) Without Ethics in leadership, every decision can be second-guessed and depending...
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