...Brics summit “The aim of brics is to convert their growing economic power into greater geopolitical clout” BRICS is the title of an association of leading emerging economies, arising out of the inclusion of South Africa into the BRIC group in 2010. As of 2012, the group's five members are Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. With the possible exception of Russia, the BRICS members are all developing or newly industrialised countries, but they are distinguished by their large, fast-growing economies and significant influence on regional and global affairs. As of 2012, the five BRICS countries represent almost 3 billion people, with a combined nominal GDP of US$13.7 trillion, and an estimated US$4 trillion in combined foreign reserves Presently, India holds the chair of the BRICS group. Due to steady growth in BRICS nations in the recent past their share in global output has grown from 11% in 2005 to 18% in 2010. President of the People's Republic of China Hu Jintao has described the BRICS countries as defenders and promoters of developing countries and a force for world peace. The BRIC grouping's first formal summit commenced in Yekaterinburg on June 16, 2009, with Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva,Dmitry Medvedev, Manmohan Singh, and Hu Jintao, the respective leaders of Brazil, Russia, India and China, all attending. In 2010, South Africa began efforts to join the BRIC grouping, and the process for its formal admission began in August of...
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...grouping of developing countries in the South. Twenty-three years later, in 2012, when Singh was Prime Minister, India proposed setting up a multilateral financial institution to support economic development of emerging economies. The proposal became a reality in another two years, , with five emerging economies — Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, or Brics — agreeing to form a development bank and a pool of currency swaps at their sixth annual summit in Fortaleza, Brazil. The July 15-16 summit marked a new beginning in the global economic order because for the first time in post-War history there was a collective, institutionalised effort from major economies to challenge the hegemony of the West-focused World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF). The New Development Bank (NDB) of Brics, which will start operations with $50 billion in capital and fund infrastructure projects and “sustainable development” in the developing world, is a potential rival to the World Bank, while the proposed $100-billion Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) will work parallel to the IMF. New financial architecture The Brics nations will contribute $10 billion each to the NDB corpus and will hold equal stake in the institution, unlike the World Bank and IMF. The developed powers have always resisted emerging nations’ efforts to make these institutions more...
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... Accordingly please select your group so that each member can work on different dimensions of your research subject. Economic Issues related to the BRICS China: Facing the 21st Century China is without doubt currently the most dynamic force in Asia; it may be the most dynamic force in the world. Moreover, if China continues along its present trajectory, its growth will inevitably change the face of Asia. How did China do this? Where is China heading? What is happening in China? How did China do this? • What are economic strengths and challenges facing China today? • What is the impact of China's growth on other Asian countries? • What are the critical next steps for China in terms of its currency? What are their problems? India: Facing the 21st Century Some say we need to talk about “Chindia” as the new dynamic growth economy. India alone has shown growth of over 9 percent and is one of the fastest growing nations in Asia. • What are India’s economic strengths and challenges? • How did India achieve its growth? • Where is India heading with regards to China? • What is the impact of India's growth on other Asian countries? Brazil: Should it be part of BRICS? With slow growth and low saving to GDP ratio some question if Brazil should be included in the BRICS economies. But it is more developed than China or India....
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...threatened by the emerging power of the BRICS? (15) The USA has a notable dominance over the rest of the world due to having strengths in four main areas: economic strength, military strength, cultural influence and political power. However, the emerging BRIC nations are threatening the USA’s dominance because their strength in these areas is also looking strong. In terms of its economy, the USA is strongly threatened by China. China has the second highest GDP in the world behind the USA (6,807.43 USD in 2013) and this figure is growing at a much faster rate than the USA’s. China’s manufacturing industry is huge and exports many products all over the world. Although the average quality of life in China isn’t as good as the USA’s, it improving due to China’s growing economy allowing more investment in services like healthcare and education. A wealthier population in China may also lead to future political change and even more economic growth. Also, India’s economy is powerful and growing, although not on the scale of China. Overall, I think China will soon become more of a dominant nation compared to the USA. However, China’s GDP and quality of life won’t match the USA for a long time. The military strength of countries is important in making them superpowers. Although the USA has the strongest military force in the world, China also has very strong military strength and is most likely here to threaten the USA for global dominance out of the BRIC nations. The Chinese army has over...
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...Introduction BRIC is used in economics to refer to the combination of Brazil, Russia, India, and China which make up over 42% of the world's population. These nations are going to play a major role in the future of global economy. BRIC or BRICs are terms used in economics to refer to the combination of Brazil, Russia, India, and China. General consensus is that the term was first prominently used in a thesis of the Goldman Sachs investment bank. The main point of this 2003 paper was to argue that the economies of the BRICs are rapidly developing and by the year 2050 will eclipse most of the current richest countries of the world. Goldman Sachs argues that the economic potential of Brazil, Russia, India, and China is such that they may become among the four most dominant economies by the year 2050. The thesis was proposed by Jim O'Neill, global economist at Goldman Sachs. These countries are forecast to encompass over thirty-nine percent of the world's population. Goldman Sachs predicts China and India, respectively, to be the dominant global suppliers of manufactured goods and services while Brazil and Russia would become similarly dominant as suppliers of raw materials. Cooperation is thus hypothesized to be a logical next step among the BRICs because Brazil and Russia together form the logical commodity suppliers to India and China. Thus, the BRICs have the potential to form a powerful economic bloc to the exclusion of the modern-day G8 status. Brazil is dominant in...
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...TABLE OF CONTENTS Definition of BRICS 2 A Brief History 2 BRICS Goals 3 First Declaration – Information Technology 3 Second Declaration – Industry Cooperation 4 Third Declaration – Agriculture 3 Reasons for Emergence of BRICS 5 Review of Economic Performance 6 Other Current Issues 7 References 9 Appendix 10 (BRICS Economic Data Table) _ DEFINITON OF BRICS A Brief History In 2001, Jim O’Neil – an economist at Goldman Sachs – first coined the term BRIC and ever since then it stood as an acronym for Brazil, Russia, India and China. At the time, O’Neil was trying to predict where Wall Street investors could place their investment dollars. In their search for future high growth and therefore high profits within a span of one to two decades, O’Neil came up with recommending the BRIC countries as potentially good nations where to park investment dollars. In that same year, he went on to predict that over the first decade of the twenty first century, the economies of those BRIC countries would increase in a very significant way; so much so, that it would “outpace growth of some of the world’s largest economies” (Sharma, 2012). In 2015 his prediction is presently valid, but mostly for China, which has achieved impressive economic growth in the last few years, and for India, which despite its ambivalent economic performance and socialistic labor tendencies, it has managed to post some notable levels of economic...
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...The Brics’ role in the global economy Paulo Roberto de Almeida In: Cebri-Icone-British Embassy in Brasília: Trade and International Negotiations for Journalists (Rio de Janeiro, 2009, p. 146-154; ISBN: 978-85-89534-05-5). ∗ 1. Where do they come from and what are the Brics? In demographic terms, BRIC holds the world’s two most populated countries and another two with considerable populations. China alone holds a fifth of the world’s population, and is closely followed by India (17.5%) and, by a larger gap Brazil (2.9%) and Russia (2.2%). Despite their large territories – Russia’s 17 million km2, India’s 3.2 million km2, China’s 9.3 million km2 and Brazil’s 8.5 million km2 –, the Brics differ from each other in terms of natural resources, level of industrialization and impact on the global economy. It is important to point out these differences, as definition as a bloc might lead to wrongful assumptions about the four countries’ individual current and future roles in the global economy. In order to be accurate about each country’s actual weight in the world, we should perhaps change the acronym to CIRB (but without the glamour of the name). Let us begin with China, which is the most continuous civilization in history – not strictly in terms of political linearity but rather in terms of cultural continuity. The country has a tragic contemporary history, marked by economic decadence, political instability, military humiliation and social regression caused by a deep degradation...
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...There is a global realisation for the centrality of early childhood education (ECD) in laying solid foundations for posterity. Improving the quality of ECD is critical in BRICS countries’ development Agenda as reflected in the Sixth Summit (July 2014) held in Brazil. This underscores the need to enhance quality in education and equipping learners with the necessary skills. Thus, South Africa’s recent post-school education qualifications to improve out-of-school youth skills and knowledge could be realised through laying effective yet progressive foundation at ECD level. Before we can speak of effective post-school qualifications, countries need to develop solid early childhood education programmes. Though there is an obvious lacuna...
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...Role and Importance of BRICS Bank Sudhakar Singh PGPSM 2015 National Institute of Securities Market The ‘BRICs’ acronym, in its most common usage, derives from a report to investors by Goldman Sachs’ analyst Jim O’Neill, signaling the new dynamic that four large countries; Brazil, Russia, India and China, were bringing to the global economy at the beginning of the new millennium. A conclusion advanced in the Goldman Sachs report was that the BRICs should be included in the G7 as their macroeconomic significance increased in the decade to come. From a global investment angle, the world has moved on from there to a wider set of dynamic emerging countries, including a number of fast-growing African nations, as more developing countries find their own way to catch up on growth, resisting world recessionary tendencies (O’Neill 2001 2011). The investor’s world of emerging markets has thus expanded beyond the BRICs, even as questions are raised about the sustainability of growth in the BRICs themselves, with their structural and political challenges and their vulnerability to the uncertainties of global monetary developments. (http://mobile.opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/3599#.VemUOn2MgQ0) The grouping was originally known as "BRIC" before the inclusion of South Africa in 2010. The BRICS members are all developing or newly industrialised countries, but they are distinguished by their large, fast-growing economies and significant influence on regional and...
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...Case Study The BRICs: Vanguard of The Revolution The BRICs, composed of Brazil, Russia, India, and China, are the future of the world’s most powerful economies and the current most accelerated emerging economies. Together they are home to nearly 2.8 billion people, about 40 percent of the planet’s population. They currently generate about 30 percent of world’s GDP. They have come a long way from the last 30 years or so, each one overcoming their own barriers and obstacles to achieve where they are today. They are all expecting to increase their income within the next 15-30 years exponentially, allowing for the economy to flourish and incorporate new markets that were otherwise less popular or almost non-existent. For example, cars in India and China were about 2 and 9 out of 100 people, respectively. They estimate that the total number of cars in both countries could rise from 150 million today to north of a billion by 2030. Not everything is positive however, there are skeptics who say there are problems such as the delusion that current trends will continue indefinitely and uninterrupted. That economic growth rates slow as the base of activity expands and advantages such as cheap labor or low-cost capital wane as growing demand increases marginal price pressures. That there’s always a black swan event, an unexpected, hard-to-predict impact that resets the game such as the internet, the collapse of the Soviet Union or the global financial crisis. Despite ever-present...
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...blo gs.lse .ac.uk http://blo gs.lse.ac.uk/lsereviewo fbo o ks/2013/08/01/bo o k-review-emerging-po wers-in-a-co mparative-perspective-thepo litical-and-eco no mic-rise-o f-the-bric-co untries/ Book Review: Emerging Powers in a Comparative Perspective: The Political and Economic Rise of the BRIC Countries Blo g Admin The book examines the rising influence of emerging powers in global politics, with a special focus on the BRIC countries. The book aims provide a detailed analysis of political, economic, security, and foreign policy trends in the BRIC countries to address such questions as to whether they will seek to revise the international order or work within it, and how they will deal with transnational global problems. Reviewed by Carlos Carrasco Farré. Emerging Powers in a Comparative Perspective: T he Political and Economic Rise of the BRIC Countries. Vidya Nadkarni and Norma C. Noonan. Bloomsbury. February 2013. Find this book: T he contrast during the Cold War between a coercive Soviet Union in Eastern Europe and a cooperative American hegemony in Western Europe started a new line of research in international politics. T he end of this conf lict, and the main core of this research topic, seems to come f rom what Italian political philosopher Antonio Gramsci noted: “a hegemonic social order that rests on a f oundation of moral and intellectual authority and voluntary acceptance is more enduring because it is seen as legitimate”. In just two decades the international order...
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...O’Neill, predicted the next four emerging markets which he named the ‘BRICs’. This acronym is made up of Brazil, Russia, India and China. The acronym has come into common use as a symbol of the credible shift in global economic power away from the developed G7 economies towards the developing world. He predicted that the BRIC economies would experience faster economic growth than the G7 nations; Germany, Japan, Italy, United Kingdom, United States, France and Canada. This accelerated growth would raise the BRIC’s relative weights in the worlds aggregate GDP. Despite the fact that O’Neill was criticised when he first implemented the idea, his predictions have been spot on. The average annual GDP growth rate of all the BRIC countries has exceeded that of almost all G7 countries in nearly each of the past 10 years. After O’Neill had announced his prediction in 2001, the BRICs were formally announced in 2009. Discussions between the BRIC’s began in 2006 with four formal meetings with the foreign ministers of the BRIC countries happening between 2006-2008. He also introduces his new prediction within ‘The Growth Map’, the Next 11 (N-11), these are countries that will offer great opportunities for investors over the next decade. The N-11 consists of; South Korea, Mexico, Turkey, Pakistan, Nigeria, Iran, Phillipines, Vietnam, Indonesia, Egypt and Bangladesh. ! ! Looking more closely at the individual BRIC countries. Out of the four countries O’Neill chose, Brazil was a...
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...ISCOR 300 Spring 2014 Tuesday 4:00-6:00pm Exam Study Guide IDs: You should be able to identify major terms, concepts, events, and people. A good ID response requires that you state who or what it is, AND its significance in the context of the course (how, why important? The so what question). Study suggestion: go through the readings and video, lecture, and discussion notes; make an extended list of potential candidates (20-25). Choose 10-15 to concentrate and focus on in relation to what a good ID should be. YOU WILL HAVE A LARGE NUMBER OF IDs TO CHOOSE FROM, 5 out of 10-12. Each ID will be worth 10 points, for a total of 50 points. FOR EXAMPLE, in a class dealing with international security, an ID for Aum Shinrikyo would be as follows: Aum Shinrikyo was an apocalyptic Japanese religious cult that released sarin nerve gas in the Tokyo subway in 1995, killing 12 and injuring over 5,000. The ultimate goal of the cult was to bring about chaos on an international scale culminating in a nuclear war, as a means of ushering in the apocalypse. The 1995 attack was an effort to test methods of dispersing chemical weapons, a step towards achieving that goal. Significance: Aum Shinrikyo was the first non-state actor to successfully carry out a large-scale chemical weapon attack against civilians. The cult illustrates a new face of terrorism, post-modern terrorism. Post-modern terrorism is defined as groups without specific political or sub-national...
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...Research Paper Abstract Globalization has not only opened up new avenues for MNEs, but has also benefitted the emerging nations who have adapted to it. It has formed the basis of growth and development for most emerging nations of course other factors too are relevant). This research paper seeks to examine the international marketing strategies of MNEs in the automobile industry, specifically for the emerging nations, because as our subsequent findings will prove, that these markets are currently the most promising and will remain so at least for a few years to come. When we consider the emerging nations, the most promising ones are obviously the BRICs (reasons covered in the following sections). Hence, for readability and convenience purposes, we have limited our research to these nations. Keywords: Marketing strategy, BRIC, TRIAD, MNE, emerging markets, JV Objectives of Study: 1) International Marketing strategies followed by automotive companies in Emerging markets. 2) The study also aims at understanding whether the marketing strategy of these global automotive companies are justified by analysing its impact on the key statistically significant numbers of a company, i.e. the net profit, sales, operating income and the market share. Introduction MNEs continuously strive to grow, and they need better opportunities in doing so. The automobile industry has been proven to be one of the most promising and stable industries in the world. While the developed...
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...Assignment on “Meet the BRIC” Case Study | ITB 301Section: 3Spring 2012Submitted to:Salma AkterLecturerDepartment of Business Administration.East West University, Dhaka.Submitted byArafat Rauf2009-2-10-345Date of Submission: 28th March 2012 | Letter of Transmittal March 28, 2012 Salma Akter, Senior lecturer East West University Subject: Submission of Assignment on “Meet the BRIC” case study Dear Madam, I have prepared an Assignment on “Meet the BRIC” case study. It was an energizing experience throughout the semester and preparing this assignment further enhanced my insight about International Business. I hope that this report fulfils your requirements and your feedback is very much necessary to overcome my faults and lacking. This will help me in my entire life. It is my pleasure to carry out this assignment under your supervision. I would like to request you to accept my report for further assessment and I will be available to answer any question for clarification. Thank you for your sincere support. Yours sincerely, Arafat Rauf 2009-2-10-345 Table of contents Title | Page number | - BRIC | 4 | Economic growth of BRIC | 7 | Question 1: Map the proposed sequence of the evolution of the economy of the BRIC’s. What indicators might companies monitor to guide their investments and organize their local market operations? | 8 | Question 2: What are the implications of the emergence of the BRICs for careers and companies in your country? | 8...
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