...Police Use of Force Introduction When we look at the term, use of force, and how the police use this for the protection of the officers and the lives of others, this becomes a very debatable part of a police officer's job. The U.S. has experienced a number of incidents over the course of 20 years involving police use of force that are cause for concern among the public. People get upset about perceived misuse of police force, but say little when police officers are gunned down or seriously injured during violent encounters or situations that escalate to lethal action. It is important to know that police departments strive to reduce the amount of use of force incidents within their respective agencies. Are there alternatives to a potentially deadly encounter? One may ask, Can the officer step back and call for assistance? If the suspect's identity is known, rather than engaging in a foot pursuit, can an officer make an arrest later? Can the officer not shoot to kill? Can the officer shoot in a non-life threatening part of the body? By nature, every situation is different and must be evaluated on an individual basis. Stepping back is not always an option for an officer. When the life of an officer is threatened by someone pointing a gun at them, or by any other life threatening means, and not knowing the assailant’s intentions, this forces the officer to make a split-second decision. That decision will determine if the officer will live or die. In the early nineties...
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...UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT Brief Fact Summary. Williams was arrested for the murder of a 10 year old girl whose body he disposed of along a gravel road. State law enforcement officials engaged in a search for the child’s body. During the search, in response to an officer’s appeal for assistance, Williams made statements to the police (without an attorney present) which helped lead them to the body. Williams was only read his Miranda rights after he was arrested. Synopsis of Rule of Law. This case introduces the inevitable discovery doctrine, which postulates that if evidence will be inevitably discovered, the method in which it is obtained is not important. Facts. Defendant, Williams was arrested and read his rights for the murder of a child after he led law enforcement officials to the body of the child by making statements, in passing, to officials who were conducting the search. While the statements Williams made were not allowed as evidence against him at trial, the body of the child, as well as photographic and medical and chemical test information was admitted. At trial of the matter, the court concluded that, even if Williams had not made the statements to police, the body of the child would have been found within a reasonable time, and that evidence could still be used. Issue. Whether evidence, which ultimately results in arrest, should be excluded from trial because it was improperly obtained. Held. Under the inevitable discovery...
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...Psychological Defences: T. Ketola An Oil Spill Case ABSTPJVCT. protect isational morality defences the Organisational self-esteem even This an oil and moral at the paper refinery psychological integrity expense analyses and of the its parent of defences the organ the of while concessions corporation imply that is taking a change place. towards a more responsible personality of actions. used by sacrificing spectrum company KEY oil WORDS: spill, crisis management, concessions, defence behaviour, psy during an oil spill incident. A hypothetical model fences built on of de organisational defences, organisational excuses, organisational to accusations four responses...
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...Ethical Dilemma Week 8 The Death of Freddie Gray By Hope Schwegler May 4, 2015 Phil 2003 Principles of Ethics Professor Margaret De Alminana ‘On April 12, 2015, Freddie Gray, a 25 year old African American male, was arrested by the Baltimore Police Department. He had a known unethical character and had been involved in twenty criminal court cases, five of which were still active at the time of his death. He was due in court on a possession charge on April 24, 2015. Freddie Gray died on April 19, 2015, due to injuries to his spinal cord. On April 21, 2015, pending an investigation of incident, six Baltimore police officers were temporarily suspended with pay. On May 1, 2015, state prosecutors in Baltimore received a medical examiner’s report ruling Gray’s death as a homicide. Was it foul play that was intentional, gross negligence, or inflicted self harm by the prisoner? We identified “Rae’s first step in making a moral decision is to gather the facts.” Much of the other information had conflicting reports and statements. So what are the “ethical issues that Rae has for level two” in the model for making moral decisions? The formal charge filed by Office Garrett Miller accused Gray of violating statute 19 59 22, “unlawfully carry, possess, and sell a knife commonly called a switch blade knife, with an automatic spring or other device for opening and/or closing the blade within the limits of Baltimore City.” The prosecutor alleged that Gray’s arrest was unlawful...
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...(Perna, 2010). Rather instructors agree with this or not in regards of quality feedback to students, (Brook, & Preskill, 1999) challenge instructors to ask themselves the question, “how do we know if students are attaining or learning the content.” He goes on to suggest that instructors reevaluate how they use technology in online and to motivate students to engage them with questions that requires critical thinking skills. Instructors can make sure they ask the right questions by using a method called “Cube” that prompts insight and challenge students to think about feedback and questions instructors ask. Cubing is a brainstorming method, you start with one topic, challenge or issue. Then, you apply six points of view (like the six sides of a cube) to the issue, that include for consideration; describe it, associate it, analyze it, apply it and argue for or against it all will guide students to think about their answers. This in perspective let instructors know how well the students retain learning though their answers (Cowan & Cowan (1990). At (Higher Education Academy, 2012) website provides a value added methods, “a Toolkit: 10 strategies to engage students in the learning process. The website also suggests ways for instructor to; enhance...
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...Ofsted safeguarding policy and procedures |This document outlines Ofsted’s policy on responding to concerns regarding the safeguarding and protection of children and young people | |aged under 18 years. This policy, combined with the associated procedures, provides guidance to all staff who may come across concerns of| |this nature within the context of their work for Ofsted. | Age group: All Published: September 2010 Reference no: 100183 Contents Part 1. Safeguarding children and young people policy 4 Purpose of this document 4 The definition of safeguarding 5 Aims and objectives of the policy 6 Ofsted’s responsibilities 6 Future action 8 Part 2. Procedures for responding to specific child protection concerns about children at risk of significant harm 8 Section 1. Scope of the procedure 8 Section 2. Immediate action to take if, as a member of Ofsted staff, you observe abuse while it is taking place 10 Section 3. Immediate action to take if you receive an allegation of possible significant harm to a child or young person 11 Section 4. Identification of level of concern and next steps 13 Section 5. Subsequent action in all cases 14 Section 6. National Business Unit, CIE staff, and the Ofsted complaints team 15 Section 7. Allegations about a member of Ofsted staff 16 Section 8. Concerns arising during registration 16 Part 3. Safeguarding...
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...Racism in the Criminal Justice System Racism in police treatment of minorities has created great disparities in incarceration amongst the races. Blatant cases of racist law enforcement that are covered in the news are a testament to the fact that racism within police departments exists from coast to coast. However, these are only the cases that people find out about; there are countless other cases of police racism and brutality that are not reported. A series of reports that have been published in the last few years have shown that young black men are being incarcerated at a rate far greater than their number in the overall population. In the fall of 1995, Vincent Schiraldi, executive director of the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice in San Francisco, released a study that found that nationally 33% of the black men in their 20~s were under the control of the criminal justice system in some way, shape or form. This shows an increase from 1991, when 25% of the black men nationwide ages 20 to 29 were incarcerated, on probation, or on parole (Butterfield 1996). Schiraldi, attributed the higher incarceration rates for black men to tougher punishment for the use of crack cocaine than for other drugs; harsh new sentencing laws; the prison construction boom; and poverty, lack of good jobs and poor education in inner cities. We will address how tougher punishments have resulted in worse treatment for minorities in the criminal justice system. The tougher punishment for the...
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...Dorner vs. LAPD (If you have trouble accessing site, the document is viewable at the end of the manifesto) From: Christopher Jordan Dorner /7648 To: America Subj: Last resort Regarding CF# 07-004281 I know most of you who personally know me are in disbelief to hear from media reports that I am suspected of committing such horrendous murders and have taken drastic and shocking actions in the last couple of days. You are saying to yourself that this is completely out of character of the man you knew who always wore a smile wherever he was seen. I know I will be villified by the LAPD and the media. Unfortunately, this is a necessary evil that I do not enjoy but must partake and complete for substantial change to occur within the LAPD and reclaim my name. The department has not changed since the Rampart and Rodney King days. It has gotten worse. The consent decree should never have been lifted. The only thing that has evolved from the consent decree is those officers involved in the Rampart scandal and Rodney King incidents have since promoted to supervisor, commanders, and command staff, and executive positions. The question is, what would you do to clear your name? Name; A word or set of words by which a person, animal, place, or thing is known, addressed, or referred to. Name Synonyms; reputation, title, appellation, denomination, repute. A name is more than just a noun, verb, or adjective. It’s your life, your legacy, your journey, sacrifices, and everything you’ve...
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...bystander effect was initially showed in the laboratory by John Darley and Bibb Latané in 1968 after they got to be intrigued by the subject after the homicide of Kitty Genovese in 1964. These researchers dispatched an arrangement of experiments that brought about one of the strongest and most replicable impacts in social brain science, Bibb Latané and Judith Rodin (1969). In a common examination, the member is either alone or among a gathering of different members or confederates. A crisis circumstance is arranged and researchers measure to what extent it takes the members to mediate, in the event that they intercede. These experiments have discovered that the vicinity of others restrains helping, often by an extensive edge. Case in point, Bibb Latané and Judith Rodin (1969) organized a test around a lady in pain. 70 percent of the individuals alone got out or went to help the lady after they accepted she had fallen and was harmed, however when there were other individuals in the room just 40 percent offered help. Emergency vs. Non-emergency situations Latané and Darley performed three experiments to test bystander conduct in non-crisis circumstances;...
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...Enabling strategies enact academic integrity policy. Without long-term, sustainable and practical support resources, a policy will not be enacted, no matter how well it is articulated. The cases in this resource cover a range of academic integrity issues in Australian universities with application for a wider audience. These case studies have been developed by the Academic Integrity Standards Project. “…I suspect that every senior manager needs to have some training in the issue of academic integrity principles. I learnt mine on the job, so I think that needs to be worked through so that the policy and the implementation and the people who have that power understand those principles …So I think the case study models really useful. How would you deal with someone who had this story; you know, what would you do, and then work out what you'd do pragmatically versus where the policy fits from there.” (Senior Manager, University B, Academic Integrity Standards Project) Although they may be based on real life stories, they have been adapted and anonymised for the purposes of this project resource; pseudonyms are used in every instance. The case studies are designed to be used as triggers for discussion in group seminars and primarily target teaching staff, although they could be used for discussion with students or other academic integrity stakeholders. Support for this project/activity has been provided by the Australian Government Office for Learning and Teaching...
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...Mozam Moughal – Legal Expert Q&A SUNDAY!! Lisa, I am more than happy in assisting you and putting the knowledge I have to use for a good use. Firstly, I will describe one of the most fundamental people in the legal systems which are lawyers. There are two types of lawyers which are solicitors and barristers. [pic] [pic] Most solicitors are graduates with a law degree. They must also undertake professional training both by a one year Legal Practice Course and then by two years under a training contract with a solicitor in practice. Solicitors generally work in large partnerships and they undertake most of the work in magistrates’ courts and county courts - both preparation of cases and also advocacy. But litigation- which is taking legal action: is only a small part of the work of the solicitor’s profession as a whole. Most are involved in commercial work relating to business e.g. dealing with commercial and other property dealings. There is also a large amount of private client work which does not involve any litigation (if it all runs smoothly) such as the conveyance of houses, making wills, advising on tax matters and so on. If you have any problems with your solicitor then you can contact the Law Society which regulates the work of solicitors and they deal with matters such as training, qualifications and complaints. BARRISTERS ...
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... We inform We answer your questions, give you the facts you need and talk through your options. You can then make informed decisions. Contact us to keep on top of what employment rights legislation means in practice – before it gets on top of you. Call our helpline 0300 123 1100 for free confidential advice (open 8am-8pm, Monday to Friday and 9am-1pm Saturday) or visit our website www.acas.org.uk. We advise and guide We give you practical know-how on setting up and keeping good relations in your organisation. Download one of our helpful publications from our website or call our Customer Services Team on 0300 123 1150 and ask to be put you in touch with your local Acas adviser. We train From a two-hour session on the key points of new legislation or employing people to courses specially designed for people in your organisation, we offer training to suit you. Go to www.acas.org.uk/training to find out more. We work with you We offer hands-on practical help and support to tackle issues in your business with you. This might be through one of our well-known problemsolving services. Or a programme we have worked out together to put your business firmly on track for effective employment relations. You will meet your Acas adviser and discuss exactly what is needed before giving any go-ahead. Go to www.acas.org.uk/businesssolutions for more details. Why not keep up-to-date with Acas news...
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...Research Quarterly Published by the Society for Human Resource Management Business Ethics: The Role of Culture and Values for an Ethical Workplace FOURTH QUARTER–2009 Whether in domestic or global companies, ultimately, the commitment to business ethics and the foundation is built through organizational culture, with ethical values reflected in the workplace. Business Ethics: The Role of Culture and Values for an Ethical Workplace Abstract An ethical workplace is established through an organization’s culture, values and leadership. To promote ethical behavior, human resource professionals, people managers and senior management need to be knowledgeable about business ethics—from leadership, codes of conduct and related legislation to compliance training, ethical decisionmaking, and cultural and generational differences around ethics. Transparency, fairness and communication are key for establishing and maintaining an ethical workplace. Introduction In the business world today, issues of trust, respect, fairness, equity and transparency are gaining more attention. Business ethics includes organizational values, guidelines and codes, legal compliance, risk management, and individual and group behavior within the workplace. Effective leadership, with open dialogue and thoughtful deliberation, develops the foundation of an ethical workplace, is woven into the fabric of the organizational culture and is mirrored in ethical decision-making. Toward this end, all organizational...
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...Just Water Under The Bush? By: Janice Foster There is a term that old folks often say to refer to something that has taken place in the past that cannot be changed and therefore you just get over it. This is easier said than done especially if you are the living reminder of what cannot be changed. All of us have been affected by George w. Bush and his administration whether it is good or bad, directly or indirectly. There are some of us who have been affected in ways that you can only imagine. Sometimes even though something has taken place in the past it can have an important bearing on how you prepare for your future. For Katrina and 911 victims, the term may not be so easy to apply in their lives. The presidency of George W. Bush began on January 20, 2001, when he was inaugurated as the 43rd President of the United States of America. George W. Bush is the oldest son of former president George H. W. Bush, George W. Bush was elected president in the 2000 general election, and became the second US president whose father had held the same office. Bush did not get into office without some scandal and controversy because On December 8, 2000, the Supreme Court of Florida ordered that the Circuit Court of Leon County tabulate by hand 9,000 ballots in Miami-Dade County. It also ordered the inclusion in the certified vote totals of 215 votes identified in Palm Beach County and 168 votes identified in Miami-Dade County for Vice President Albert Gore, Jr., and Senator Joseph Lieberman...
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...STYLE AND USE-OF-FORCE BEHAVIOR OF POLICE OFFICERS by Tommy Sickels Copyright June, 2015 A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctorate in Educational Leadership University of Phoenix The Dissertation Committee for Tommy Sickels certifies that this may be the approved version of the following dissertation: The Dissertation Committee for Tommy Sickels certifies approval of the following dissertation: A CORRELLATlONAL STUDY IN LEADERSHIP STYLE AND USE-OF-FORCE BEHAVIOR OF POLICE OFFICERS Commiittee: Orlando Ramos, PhD, Chair Peggy Coplin, DPA, Committee Member Jack Phan, PhD, Committee Member ,,__.____ _ ,,__.____ _ Jeremy Moreland, PhD Dean, School of Advanced Studies University of Phoenix ABSTRACT Leadership style and police officer use-of-force are two important functions of law enforcement. What could be more important in a law enforcement agency than to have these two variables coexisting in an organization in a harmonious manner? By investigating whether a relationship exists between these two variables an answer to this question could emerge. In law enforcement today, the cost associated with excessive use-of-force civil law-suits against police officers and their departments can be staggering. Exposing police officers to a specific leadership style may influence the dynamics in the use-of-force behavior during arrests or other police actions. Evaluating a non-experimental...
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