...CHAPTER 3 MASS RELATIONSHIPS IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS This chapter reviews the mole concept, balancing chemical equations, and stoichiometry. The topics covered in this chapter are: • Atomic mass and average atomic mass • A vogadro’ s number, mole, and molar mass • Percent composition calculations • Empirical and molecular formula determinations • Chemical equations, amount of reactant and product calculations • Limiting reagents and reaction yield calculations Take Note: It is absolutely essential that you master the mole concept to do well on the quantitative aspects of AP Chemistry!! When solving quantitative problems on the Free Response section of the AP exam, supporting work must be shown to receive credit. Using dimensional analysis is a very powerful technique in solving problems. Be sure to report your answer to the correct number of significant figures (see Chapter 1 in this review book). Atomic mass and average atomic mass Atomic mass is the mass of an atom in atomic mass units (amu). One amu is defined as 1/12 of one C-12 atom. The C-12 isotope has a mass of exactly 12.000 amu. The C-12 isotope provides the relative scale for the masses of the other elements. Average atomic mass is the value reported on the periodic table, which takes into account the various isotopes of an element and their respective frequencies. To calculate the average atomic mass of an element, add up the different masses of the isotopes (using amu) multiplied by each isotope’s abundance...
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...CHAPTER 14 CHEMICAL KINETICS PRACTICE EXAMPLES 1A (E) The rate of consumption for a reactant is expressed as the negative of the change in molarity divided by the time interval. The rate of reaction is expressed as the rate of consumption of a reactant or production of a product divided by its stoichiometric coefficient. A 0.3187 M 0.3629 M 1min rate of consumption of A = = = 8.93 105 M s 1 t 8.25 min 60 s rate of reaction = rate of consumption of A2 = 8.93 105 M s 1 4.46 105 M s 1 2 1B (E) We use the rate of reaction of A to determine the rate of formation of B, noting from the balanced equation that 3 moles of B form (+3 moles B) when 2 moles of A react (–2 moles A). (Recall that “M” means “moles per liter.”) 0.5522 M A 0.5684 M A 3moles B rate of B formation= 1.62 104 M s 1 60s 2 moles A 2.50 min 1min 2A (M) (a) The 2400-s tangent line intersects the 1200-s vertical line at 0.75 M and reaches 0 M at 3500 s. The slope of that tangent line is thus 0 M 0.75 M slope = = 3.3 104 M s 1 = instantaneous rate of reaction 3500 s 1200 s The instantaneous rate of reaction = 3.3 104 M s 1 . (b) At 2400 s, H 2 O 2 = 0.39 M. At 2450 s, H 2 O 2 = 0.39 M + rate t At 2450 s, H 2 O 2 = 0.39 M + 3.3 10 4 mol H 2 O 2 L1s 1 50s = 0.39 M 0.017 M = 0.37 M 2B (M) With only the data of Table 14.2 we can use only the reaction rate during the...
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...com/Panopto/Pages/Viewer.aspx?id=7889fdcd-231a-45c9-b0ce-fe839aa5ec8b and read the excerpt from chapter 10 below (you don’t need to read all of chapter 10. The excerpt below is all that is needed). Step 2: Answer the following questions, in writing, in your words. 1. What is a nucleon? Protons and neutrons 2. What is fusion? Is two smaller atoms come together 3. How does mass per nucleon in a hydrogen atom compare to the mass per nucleon in a helium atom? 4. What happened to cause the mass per nucleon to change? When to two atoms comes together a pieces of mass is lost and converted into energy. 5. What is fission? Fission is when the nuclease of an atom splits into smaller pieces. 6. How does mass per nucleon change in a fission reaction? 7. How does the equation E=mc2 relate to mass per nucleon? It can find how much energy different amounts of mass can create. 8. Where does the energy released in a fusion or fission reaction come from? Is comes from the missing mass that was lost. Step 3: Submit your answers to a course mentor (naturalscience@wgu.edu) or come to a homework help session for feedback. Reading excerpt: 10.8 The Mass–Energy Relationship— Clearly, a lot of energy comes from every gram of nuclear fuel that is fissioned. What is the source of this energy? As we will see, it comes from nucleons losing mass as they undergo nuclear reactions. Early in the early 1900s, Albert Einstein discovered that mass is actually “congealed”...
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...on from chapters 4 and 5. You are also expected to retain material from chapters 1, 2, and 3. Everything covered in lecture is fair game for the exam. You will be provided with a periodic table, solubility rules, conversion factors and constants (similar to those at the back of the chapter.) The exam will contain a mixture of multiple choice questions similar to those assigned as homework and at the end of each chapter in the textbook. (The Practice Examples are within the chapter, the problems appear at the end of the chapter.) Students must have their Temple photo ID card during lecture exams. TU-ID Numbers must be correctly and completely filled in on exams to ensure your score is properly recorded. Students are not allowed to have cell phones and other PDA devices on their persons while taking an exam. Cell phones/PDAs are to be placed in bags/backpacks which will be kept at the back of the lecture hall. Students may leave cell phones/PDAs on the front bench of the lecture hall. Students who are caught using cell phones/PDAs during an exam will be ejected from the exam and will receive a score of zero. This violation will be reported to the Dean and the Vice-Provost who will then take the appropriate disciplinary action. Only pens/pencils and scientific calculators (non-programmable and non-graphing) are allowed to be with students during exams. Students are not allowed to take an exam in a lecture section in which they are not registered. Chapter 4 – sections...
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...[pic] Official TCC Course Syllabus |Discipline Prefix: CHM |Course Number: 111 |Course Title: College Chemistry I | | |Course Section: D04B | | |Credit Hours: 4 |Lecture Hours: 3 |Clinical Hours: |Lab Hours: 3 | |Contact Hours: 6 |Studio Hours: N/A |Semester: Fall | |Meeting Days/Time/Location: Fridays/1:30pm-4:20pm/Science Building | Instructor Information Name: Dr. Shahin Maaref Office Location: JD-30 Office Hours: TRF 9:00am-11:00am, TR 4:30pm-5:30pm & by appointment Contact Information: 822-7692 Blackboard site: http://learn.vccs.edu Instructor email address: smaaref@tcc.edu Course Information Course Description Explores the fundamental laws, theories, and mathematical concepts of chemistry. Designed primarily for science and engineering majors. Requires a strong background in mathematics. Part I of II. Prerequisites and/or Co-requisites Prequisites - None Corequisites – None It is recommended to have H.S. chemistry or CHM01 as prerequisites and MTH 03 or MTE 06 level or higher. ...
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...Chemistry Modern Analytical Chemistry David Harvey DePauw University Boston Burr Ridge, IL Dubuque, IA Madison, WI New York San Francisco St. Louis Bangkok Bogotá Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi Seoul Singapore Sydney Taipei Toronto McGraw-Hill Higher Education A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies MODERN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Copyright © 2000 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 KGP/KGP 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ISBN 0–07–237547–7 Vice president and editorial director: Kevin T. Kane Publisher: James M. Smith Sponsoring editor: Kent A. Peterson Editorial assistant: Jennifer L. Bensink Developmental editor: Shirley R. Oberbroeckling Senior marketing manager: Martin J. Lange Senior project manager: Jayne Klein Production supervisor: Laura Fuller Coordinator of freelance design: Michelle D. Whitaker Senior photo research coordinator: Lori Hancock Senior supplement coordinator: Audrey A. Reiter Compositor: Shepherd, Inc. Typeface: 10/12 Minion Printer: Quebecor Printing Book Group/Kingsport Freelance cover/interior designer: Elise Lansdon Cover image: © George Diebold/The...
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...43240 ISBN 0-07-867338-0 Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 045 09 08 07 06 05 04 Table of Contents Chapter 1: The Nature of Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Chapter 2: Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Chapter 3: Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table . . . . . . . . . .9 Chapter 4: States of Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Chapter 5: Matter—Properties and Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Chapter 6: Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonds. . . . . . . . . . .21 Chapter 7: Chemical Reactions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Chapter 8: Substances, Mixtures, and Solubility . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Chapter 9: Carbon Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Chapter 10: Motion and Momentum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Chapter 11: Force and Newton’s Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Chapter 12: Forces and Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Chapter 13: Energy and Energy Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 Chapter 14: Work and Simple Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Chapter 15: Thermal Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Chapter 16: Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Chapter 17: Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...Physical Chemistry Understanding our Chemical World Physical Chemistry Understanding our Chemical World Paul Monk Manchester Metropolitan University, UK Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley...
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...SECOND EDITION ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS Fundamentals and Applications Allen J. Bard Larry R. Faulkner Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Austin JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. New Yorke Chichester • Weinheim Brisbane e Singapore e Toronto Acquisitions Editor David Harris Senior Production Editor Elizabeth Swain Senior Marketing Manager Charity Robey Illustration Editor Eugene Aiello This book was set in 10/12 Times Roman by University Graphics and printed and bound by Hamilton. The cover was printed by Phoenix. This book is printed on acid-free paper, oo Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, (212) 850-6011, fax (212) 850-6008, E-Mail: PERMREQ@WILEY.COM. To order books or for customer service, call 1 (800)-CALL-WILEY (225-5945). Library of Congress Cataloging...
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...guides, practice problems, reference materials, practice exams, textbook help and tutor support. 4 Chapter PLANNING BUSINESS MESSAGES Multiple Choice 1. The three primary steps involved in preparing a business message are a. planning, writing, and completing. b. informing, persuading, and collaborating. c. defining the purpose, the main idea, and the topic. d. satisfying the audience's informational, motivational, and practical needs. ANSWER: a; DIFFICULTY: easy; PAGE: 90; TYPE: concept 2. In developing business messages, the stage during which you step back to see whether you have expressed your ideas clearly is the a. planning stage. b. writing stage. c. completing stage. d. feedback stage. ANSWER: c; DIFFICULTY: moderate; PAGE: 91; TYPE: concept 3. In preparing business messages, you should devote about ______ percent of your time to planning. a. 10 b. 20 c. 50 d. 70 ANSWER: c; DIFFICULTY: moderate; PAGE: 91; TYPE: concept 4. Which of the following is not a general purpose common to business communication? a. To inform b. To persuade c. To negotiate d. To collaborate ANSWER: c; DIFFICULTY: moderate; PAGE: 92; TYPE: concept 5. An example of a specific purpose for a business message would be a. to impart information to the audience. b. to inform employees about the new vacation policy. c. to persuade readers to take an action. d. to obtain audience participation and collaboration. ANSWER: b; DIFFICULTY: moderate; PAGE: 92; TYPE: application 6. Most messages should not be sent unless...
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...6 Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food Muscles in action. Sprinters, like all athletes, depend on cellular respiration to power their muscles. CHAPTER CONTENTS Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in the Biosphere 92 Cellular Respiration: Aerobic Harvest of Food Energy 94 Fermentation: Anaerobic Harvest of Food Energy 101 CHAPTER THREAD Aerobic versus Anaerobic Lifestyles BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY Marathoners versus Sprinters THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE What Causes Muscle Burn? EVOLUTION CONNECTION Life before and after Oxygen 91 102 103 Aerobic versus Anaerobic Lifestyles BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY Marathoners versus Sprinters Track-and-field athletes usually have a favorite event in which they excel. Some runners specialize in sprints of 100 or 200 meters. Others excel at longer races of 1,500, 5,000, or even 10,000 m. It is unusual to find a runner who competes equally well in both 100-m and 10,000-m races; most runners are more comfortable running races of particular lengths. It turns out that there is a biological basis for such preferences. The muscles that move our legs contain two main types of muscle fibers: slow-twitch and fast-twitch. Slow-twitch muscle fibers can contract many times over a longer period but don’t generate a lot of quick power for the body. They perform better in endurance exercises requiring slow, steady muscle activity, such as marathons. Fast-twitch muscle fibers can contract more quickly and powerfully than slow-twitch fibers but also...
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...AP Biology Summer Independent Study Packet Directions: As you carefully read through chapters 1-7 in your Campbell Biology textbook, thoughtfully respond to each of the following questions. It is important that you actually read the chapters for review and understanding. Do not just look for answers to the questions provided. Review all diagrams provided. The majority of the material in these beginning chapters should be a review for you. If need be, focus on those areas which may seem less familiar. After reviewing this material independently during the summer, it is expected that you have a solid understanding of these basic concepts for the start of this course. Prepare any specific questions that you may have. Again, this is an independent review and you will be expected to know these concepts for future use and assessment. This introductory material will not be covered in detail during class time. Chapter 1: Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life 1. Explain the importance of a biological hierarchy in terms of biological organization. 2. Why must scientists study the interactions of organisms with each other and the environment? 3. Comment on the relationship between structure and function in biology. 4. How specifically is the cell life’s basic unit of structure and function? 5. What is the significance of DNA to organisms? 6. Explain the basic concept of a biological feedback system. How does it work? 7. Explain briefly...
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...If you cannot come to the Tampa campus that day, it is your responsibility to arrange for an alternate site. Refer to the syllabus for more details. • Please bring your student ID and a pencil. Scantron sheets will be provided. • The exam covers Chapters 1 to 7, Units A‒D. Roughly the same number of questions will come from each chapter. • It will consist of 50 multiple-choice questions, including approximately 10 True/False. Study Recommendations: • Re-read each chapter ahead of time, study the PowerPoint slides • Do the online practice quizzes and activities. Better yet, do them a couple of times. Some of the exam questions may be the same or very similar. • Take the quizzes found at the end of each chapter in the textbook Study Material: To help you focus your studies as much as possible, I’ve assembled a thorough list of review questions below. Please try to answer them, referring to the lecture notes and textbook. They’re designed to help you process and review course material. Questions on the exam will deal with these topics, but will be specific and in a multiple choice and T/F format. Note that ALL QUESTIONS on the exam will relate to items on the list below. Chapter 1:...
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...Get Instant Access to PDF Read Books Operations Management William Stevenson 12th Edition at our eBook Document Library Operations Management William Stevenson 12th Edition PDF Download Operations Management William Stevenson 12th Edition.PDF Getting the screenshots prepared is a good approach that might time savings. But having screenshots already prepared in addition to callouts, explanations, and annotations is an excellent approach which you will save much longer. More than likely, you've all that stuff prepared inside your operations management william stevenson 12th edition but it's not very polite to deal to the person: "Read that fantastic manual". User may do not know the location where the manual is on the PC as well as on what page is the looked-for solution located. On the other hand, you may also have zero time and energy to manually cut particular pages with screenshots and related instructions from your manual also to attach them to each support message. Consider virtually any kind of services or products is now purchased or enlisted online, getting repair manuals is effortless. With many suppliers, immediate accessibility to manuals is done possible since they will be stored and ready for download in Portable Document Format (PDF). And unlike traditional printed service manuals that may be easily lost or damaged over time, these operations management william stevenson 12th edition might be safely held in your pc for future repairs. This is really going to save...
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...185 EQUILIBRIUM 185 UNIT 7 EQUILIBRIUM After studying this unit you will be able to • identify dynamic nature of equilibrium involved in physical and chemical processes; • state the law of equilibrium; • explain characteristics of equilibria involved in physical and chemical processes; • write expressions for equilibrium constants; • establish a relationship between Kp and K c ; • explain various factors that affect the equilibrium state of a reaction; • classify substances as acids or bases according to Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis concepts; • classify acids and bases as weak or strong in terms of their ionization constants; • explain the dependence of degree of ionization on concentration of the electrolyte and that of the common ion; • describe pH scale for representing hydrogen ion concentration; • explain ionisation of water and its duel role as acid and base; • describe ionic product (Kw ) and pKw for water; • appreciate use of buffer solutions; • calculate solubility product constant. Chemical equilibria are important in numerous biological and environmental processes. For example, equilibria involving O2 molecules and the protein hemoglobin play a crucial role in the transport and delivery of O2 from our lungs to our muscles. Similar equilibria involving CO molecules and hemoglobin account for the toxicity of CO. When a liquid evaporates in a closed container, molecules with relatively higher kinetic energy escape the liquid surface into the vapour...
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