...Citation Guide 2 0 1 1 – 1 2 A CA DE M IC YEA R Copyright © 2002–2011 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission of the Harvard Business School. Harvard Business School must reserve the right to make changes at any time affecting policies, fees, curricula, courses, degrees, and programs offered (including the modification or possible elimination of degrees and programs); rules pertaining to conduct or discipline; or any other matters cited in this publication. While every effort has been made to ensure that this publication is accurate and up to date, it may include typographical or other errors. If you have any comments about this guide, please contact rreiser@hbs.edu or infoservices@hbs.edu. Printed November 2011. Table of Contents Citation Conventions About This Guide.............................................................................................................................................. 5 Purpose of Citations .......................................................................................................................................... 5 What to Cite ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 Types of Citations: Footnotes, Source Lines, and Bibliographies .........
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...public areas of expansion, class prospects, sales perspectives and the study of marketplace infiltration. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the social and intellectual contexts, the beliefs of the populace in reference to criminal behavior the changes applied when moving away from the city center, zones of transitions, and crime hot spots, as pertained to Chicago Illinois. Chicago is approximately 2000sq miles with an estimated population of 2.74 million residents. Within the city of Chicago there is a wide range of ethnic backgrounds and multiple cultural centers. Identification and rationale for the choice of one sociologic theory that best explains the crime in your chosen city The crime rate in Chicago is affected by the socioeconomic status of the residents. As the status decreases, the crime does increases. When the economy took a turn from the worse the economic status of individuals decreased more people found themselves in poverty or low income level instead of middle class income level. People cannot afford the basics, and therefore turned to stealing. When individuals are forced into lower economic status they turn to crime because it is difficult for them to live a different life. People are not ready and prepared to live a life lower than what he or she is accustomed to trying to keep the lifestyles at any cost. The Chicago School is the best theory to...
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...Is Crime Based on an Individual’s Socio-Economic Status? Kevin Dash Dr. Allan Conkey, Research Methods: CMRJ505 September 29, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Literature Review 6 Hypothesis/Problem Statement 8 Research Design/Methodology 8 Definitions 14 References 15 Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to determine if someone’s social / economic status will increase the likely-hood they will commit crimes. The research conducted will not only focus on low-income individuals, but mid-range and higher-income individuals as well. The importance of this topic can better assist communities and their local government with the increase in prevention of crime in the long-run. Introduction: Over the years there have been numerous studies conducted showing that crimes are more prevalent in communities where the resident’s socio-economic status is lower than other parts of the same community. People who do not make much money or do not have high paying jobs, are more likely to find a source of income elsewhere, majority of the time that source is an illegal one. Thefts, robbery, armed robbery, dealing illegal drugs, are all common types of crimes that are committed in order for an individual to gain more wealth. With these types of crimes, the use of a weapon – most commonly a gun – is used to enact the most fear in the victim and make...
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...ACADEME OF GOV. P. F. ESPIRITU ELEMENTARY SCHOOL __________________________________________________________ Final Paper Presented to the Open University System Polytechnic University of the Philippines Maragondon, Cavite _________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements In Organizational Development and Leadership Effectiveness ________________________ Submitted by: CATHERINE M. SALGADO RENNALYN S. VELARDE AVELINA D. PISCOSO BERLITA B. TANAGON Submitted to: DR. APOLONIO A. DUQUE THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction There is a substantial literature on the relationship between teacher characteristics and student learning. Most prior research on this topic has focused on teachers’ educational background, years of teaching experience and salaries. The results of this work are mixed. While it is clear that certain teachers are more effective than others at increasing student performance, there is considerably less consensus on whether specific, observable teacher characteristics such as education or experience produce higher performance. While most research has focused on general skills, school districts and states often rely on in-service staff development as a way to improve student learning. This on-the-job training seeks to instruct teachers in content as well as pedagogy. Professional development is an extremely widespread practice in U.S. Public Schools. 72 percent of teachers report having engaged...
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...Rosalind Franklin Research Paper Rosalind Elsie Franklin was born in July 25th, 1920 on Notting Hill, London, England. She came from a family that was very involved in social and public works. Franklin's father wanted to be a scientist, but World War I cut his education short, and therefore, he became a college teacher instead. From an early age Rosalind Franklin was extremely intelligent. By the age of 15 she knew what career path she wanted to follow, being a scientist. However, her father strongly discouraged her interest since it was very difficult for women to have a career in dominantly male field. Though, with her excellent education from St. Paul's Girls' School, one of the few institutions at the time that taught physics and chemistry...
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...Steps for Writing a Term Paper LIBRARY GUIDE A TERM PAPER is a concisely written, documented paper of reasonable length in which a student identifies, analyzes, interprets, and draws conclusions from the facts and opinions of other people. A term paper requires a student to obtain information from a variety of sources (i.e., special subject indexes, encyclopedias and dictionaries, reference books, scholarly journals, books, and newspapers) and then place it in logically developed ideas. There are nine steps in writing a term paper, which will be illustrated with brief examples. Step 1: Select a Subject Step 2: Narrow the Subject into a Topic Step 3: State the Objective Step 4: Make a Preliminary Bibliography Step 5: Prepare a tentative Working Outline Step 6: Take Notes Step 7: Prepare a Final Outline Step 8: Write a Draft Step 10: Prepare Final Copy STEP 1: SELECT A SUBJECT To select a subject for a term paper, ask yourself the following questions: • • • • • Am I interested in the subject? Is the subject appropriate for my class? Is the subject too broad? too limited? Is the subject manageable in terms of length and deadline for completing the paper? Is the subject likely to be covered adequately in books, journals, or newspapers? your answers should be YES to most of these questions. Try to choose a subject you are interested in and will enjoy researching. In some courses, your instructor may give you a choice from a list of suggested topics. If you do not have a choice...
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...Steps for Writing a Term Paper LIBRARY GUIDE A TERM PAPER is a concisely written, documented paper of reasonable length in which a student identifies, analyzes, interprets, and draws conclusions from the facts and opinions of other people. A term paper requires a student to obtain information from a variety of sources (i.e., special subject indexes, encyclopedias and dictionaries, reference books, scholarly journals, books, and newspapers) and then place it in logically developed ideas. There are nine steps in writing a term paper, which will be illustrated with brief examples. Step 1: Select a Subject Step 2: Narrow the Subject into a Topic Step 3: State the Objective Step 4: Make a Preliminary Bibliography Step 5: Prepare a tentative Working Outline Step 6: Take Notes Step 7: Prepare a Final Outline Step 8: Write a Draft Step 10: Prepare Final Copy STEP 1: SELECT A SUBJECT To select a subject for a term paper, ask yourself the following questions: • • • • • Am I interested in the subject? Is the subject appropriate for my class? Is the subject too broad? too limited? Is the subject manageable in terms of length and deadline for completing the paper? Is the subject likely to be covered adequately in books, journals, or newspapers? your answers should be YES to most of these questions. Try to choose a subject you are interested in and will enjoy researching. In some courses, your instructor may give you a choice from a list of suggested...
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...Homework Help Writing Service Welcome to Buy Homework Help Writing Service. We write term papers, white papers, dissertations, capstone projects, Coursework, PowerPoint presentations and many more. Order your custom Paper written from scratch by our expert writers. Buy College Essays & Dissertations Online Our Buyhomeworkhelp.com online writing services offers a wide range of Professional Academic writing services. We only provide original essays to our esteemed customers worldwide. Our clients are only mainly based in the United States, UK, Brazil, Canada, Australia and European countries such as Singapore, Ukraine, Spain, Malaysia, Belgium Germany, Italy and France. Urgent Homework Help for Students We offer our clients the Best Custom Essay Writing Service: High-Quality Research Paper Writing Service, Term Paper Writing Service, Professional Writers, and Money Back Guarantee. Quality Essay Writing Services by Professionals We have written more than 10,000 custom assignments for students just like you, who are looking for help so as to boost their grades. We have already helped thousands of students from University of Chicago, University of Florida, Washington University, Boston University, Brown University, Columbia University, Florida State University, George Washington University, New York University, Ohio State University, University of California, University of Chicago, University of Colorado, University of Illinois and other U.S. and Canada universities...
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...B.A./M.A. summa cum laude, Honors in Economics, May 1975. PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS Professor of Economics, Harvard University, September 1999 – present; Thomas D. Cabot Professor of Public Policy, January 2004 – present. Chief Economist and Director of Research, International Monetary Fund, 2001–2003. Director, Harvard Center for International Development, 2003–2004. Professor of Economics and International Affairs, Princeton University, 1992–94; Charles and Marie Robertson Professor of International Affairs, 1995–1999. Professor of Economics, University of California at Berkeley, 1989–1991. Associate Professor of Economics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1985–1988. Economist, International Finance Division, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 1980–1983; Section Chief, Trade and Financial Studies Section, 1984. Economist, Research Department, International Monetary Fund, Oct. 1982 – Sept. 1983. VISITING POSITIONS BP-LSE Visiting Centennial Professor, London School of Economics, 1998–99 academic year. Morgenstern Visiting Professor of Economics, New York University, spring semester 1995. Visiting Scholar, Bank of Japan, Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, summer 1991. Visiting Scholar, Research Department, World Bank, summer 1989. Visiting Scholar, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, International Finance Division, 1988, 1994....
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...Research Paper about a Research Paper Name place Professor 05/22/11 Research Paper about a Research Paper Research is a way to formulate questions and ideas used to solve a give problem using of all sorts of sources to collect information that would generate a solution. Research in the simplest form could be presented as; my computer keeps rebooting. The research focus could involve looking threw the internet to find web help that addresses the same issue or finding a business that specialize in computer repair by doing a query for computer repair from online in your area or looking threw the phone book. In this instance, someone has prepared both sources with the intention to help find the answer from documented information (Booth, Colomb & Williams, 2008). Over centuries information and been collected in libraries all the information desired. The information age yielding the internet that contains information collected by others for others to answer questions and develop new questions, and find answers. Research papers are also used as a primary form of learning that begins in elementary school and used all threw college and beyond. Carriers have been built for the purpose of conducting research and writing research papers by teachers, scientists, writers, historians, lawyers, engineers – list is goes on. Educators have established the fact that formal research can be a tool used for learning, thinking and understanding (Booth...
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...Multivariable Calculus, Marketing and Business Management, Politics Crises & Ideas, The Culminating Experience in Sociology, Writing in the Workplace Research Topics: Mechanical vs. Conceptual Teaching of Mathematics in American Elementary Schools, 1996 Welfare Reform Act, 2009 Helping Families Save their Homes Act 2004-2008 B HOOL OGAN HIGH S C High School Diploma Awards: Gates Millennium Scholar, Daughters of American Revolution Scholar, Academic Decathlon Highest Team Scorer (2006-2008), 3rd Ranking in Graduating Class ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ E XPERIENCE Fall 2011-Spring 2013 D ARTMOUTH UDENT CESSIBILITY RVICES S T A C S E Hanover, NH Intern • Edited text to improve student comprehension by using text-to-speech software • Initiated projects to reach goals before deadline • Developed skills in using Adobe and Kurzweil programs Fall 2011-Spring 2013 D ARTMOUTH LLEGE ND C O F U Hanover, NH Student Associate • Communicated with over 60 Alumni and Parents to solicit donations each shift • Raised over $6,000 each shift, as a team, for Financial Aid and Faculty Research Summer 2009 C AMPAIGN .S. FO U OUSE R H OF EPRESENTATIVES R Chicago, IL. T HAYER HOOL OF GINEERING S C E N Hanover, NH N ...
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... the effects on human attitudes, actions and opportunities can be discovered. With the understanding of sociology in mind I expect the academic literacy workload for sociology to require a lot of reading and writing. Examining human behavior demands a lot of analyzing and research. When analyzing a text it is expected that the author reasoning will be looked for. To fully comprehend a text when reading one must take good notes, summarize and/or paraphrase the main idea. A sociology course requires a lot of precise thinking and reflection. By doing so the text is questioned and allows thoughts about personal emotions and affects as well as whether it connects text to text, self or world or another text. In an informal discussion with an upperclassman in philosophy, I was told that there will be two types of assigned papers study and theory. A thesis is needed when writing a theory paper. Theory papers tend to have readers think and evaluate them critically and address the issue of how and why. A study paper will consist of a hypothesis, research process and results. There will be different writing styles for these papers including APA and MLA. Citing information using APA format is used for research reports and empirical studies. MLA is the most commonly used citation method for general essays. I interviewed Professor Heather Donavan, who teaches a sociology 101 class...
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...August 2010, a total of 33 states, school districts, charter school coalitions, and other education organizations¹ had received Teacher Incentive Funds (TIF) to redesign compensation programs for teachers and principals. The U.S. Department of Education named a new cohort of TIF grantees on September 23, 2010. TIF grantees have faced a number of challenges as they have worked to design and implement new educator pay programs. Among the most demanding challenges has been developing a targeted set of metrics around available and manageable data. Grantees use these metrics to measure teacher or principal effectiveness and assign pay. Recently, grantees have made it a priority to sustain operation programs once their federal funding expires. TIF grantees have also found, often belatedly and unexpectedly, that effective stakeholder engagement and communication are challenging and essential to the success of their pay programs. Stakeholder engagement helps to create buy-in and initial acceptance of the TIF plan. It allows different voices and perspectives to be heard and recognized as new approaches to compensation develop. Communication provides the synergy to broaden buy-in and sustain support for the program. This paper describes the ways in which TIF grantees have approached stakeholder engagement. It is based on data from multiple sources, including TIF program monitoring reports, Center for Educator 1 For example, New Leaders for New Schools. Compensation Reform (CECR) technical...
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...released a commercial that compared two brothers in their educational pursuits. The younger brother started school at DeVry and graduated in two years. The older brother had chosen college and was still stuck in his dorm room studying history while his younger brother worked on the future. The question this commercial presented was obvious, why waste all that time in a university learning trivial facts which don’t apply to the real world when you can bypass it and still learn an important skill.... [tags: Argumentative Persuasive Educating Essays] 1329 words (3.8 pages) $29.95 [preview] America: Culturally Constipated? - ... Cultural pluralism or cultural diversity replaces the melting pot image with what is frequently described as a “mosaic” or almost a “tossed salad.” As Christine Bennett stated “each part retains some of its uniqueness while contributing to the beauty and strength of the whole composition.” The United States still has failed to become part of the tossed salad idea we don’t diversify with other cultures, why. Prejudice and racism is a root problem for cultural barriers within the borders of the United States.... [tags: American Culture] 763 words (2.2 pages) $19.95 [preview] Cultural Challenges Of Doing Business Overseas - The Cultural Challenges of Doing Business Overseas Steve Kafka, an American of Czech origin and a franchiser of Chicago Style Pizza, has decided to expand his business and open a franchise in Prague, Czech Republic. Before venturing...
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...LIBERTY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF DIVINITY A Sample Paper for the Purpose of Correct Formatting Submitted to Dr. <Insert Name>, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of <Insert Course Prefix and Number – Section Number> <Insert Course Title> by <Insert Student Name> <Month Date, Year Submitted> Contents (not Table of Contents) Introduction (First Level) 1 First Major Section (First Level) 3 First Subhead (Second Level) 3 Second Subhead (Second Level) 4 Second Major Section (First Level) 5 First Subhead (Second Level) 5 Second Subhead (Second Level) 5 Examples of Citing the Bible (First Level) 6 Conclusion (First Level) 8 Bibliography (First Level) 10 Introduction (First-Level Subheading) Since most beginning students will have difficulty learning how to write papers and also format papers correctly using the eighth edition of Kate L. Turabian’s, A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, this sample paper can be used as a template for inserting the correct parts. For the purpose of instruction, it will use second person, but third person must be used in student papers. You will notice that the first time Turabian’s name is written in the paper, her full name is given, but the second and subsequent uses of her name will be her last name only. Though some written assignments will not require a table of contents...
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