...Cathy Keith Child Trafficking: Innocent Children Force into Prostitution Prof: Leon Geter 04/26/2012 Abstract This research paper surveys the contextual factors surrounding child trafficking for the purposes of prostitution and also examines potential ethical issues arising from research to safeguard the psychological and physical well-being of these children. This paper is not intended to provide an ethical best-practice checklist rather its aim is to encourage the exploration of important ethical issues and further questions to be addressed by researchers in this area. In so doing, I hope to encourage the development of a fully informed decision-making approach to anti-trafficking policy and practice, and the improved provision of appropriate services for children being trafficked for prostitution. Hence the necessity, as I see it, for a reconsideration of victim-status and its constituents. The qualitative research methodology used in this research involved semi-structured interviews conducted throughout the United States and an extensive review of current literature. The sample population included individuals from a wide spectrum of expertise including United States governmental agencies and local non-governmental organizations with experience and knowledge of child trafficking and prostitution. Introduction Human trafficking is the slavery of our time. Exactly 200 years ago, Britain and the United Stated formally outlawed the transatlantic slave trade...
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...associated with the definition of trafficking, even though there are varied perceptions. The first school of thought defines trafficking as that which has to do with forcible procurement of women and children and mainly focuses on sexual exploitation. The Convention on the Suppression of Traffic of Persons and the Exploitation for Prostitution of Others, 1949 was the foremost United Nations instrument that specifically addressed the definition and other related issues of trafficking. This convention was ratified by only 60 countries and remains largely unused and moribund till date. This convention has been regarded as abolitionist in nature by those countries which have legalized or regulated...
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...literature review addresses the question of what human service agencies in the state of Idaho do to combat domestic minor sex-trafficking. The purpose of this research study is to explore the ideology of different research studies that explain and identify effective strategies to prevent domestic minor-sex trafficking in neighborhoods and communities. Sex-trafficking is a social problem because, “the crime of people trafficking is an assault on human rights” (Heredia, 2008, p. 399). The issue of Fighting against sex-trafficking was addressed at the UN convention when a protocol was set to tackle the problems of sex-trafficking. There are strategies and interventions used by international and national human service agencies to assist the sex-trafficking victims. Shared Hope International and partner non-profit organizations stated the importance of protecting the victims, preventing the crime and prosecuting the perpetrators, and also have decided to act upon the problem (Shared Hope International, 2009). Further in the study, the researcher will provide detailed analysis of the strategies used by the human service agencies to aid the victims of trafficking. These strategies will include training law enforcement to investigate human trafficking cases, improving communication between the human service agencies and law enforcement, and enhancing the scope of research. Strategies and Implementation Identifying victims of trafficking Relevant studies have been found to identify...
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...HUMAN TRAFFICKING: A CONDITION OF SOCIAL INEQUALITY The presence of socio-economic inequality in the world creates a system where those in power very easily dominate and take advantage of those people without power. One of the most serious contemporary effects of inequalities between and within nations is the phenomenon of global sex trade or human trafficking for the purposes of sex. Deriving from unequal power relations, human trafficking is a serious global crime that involves the exploitation of many, but mostly females and children (Barner, Okech, and Camp 2014). Human trafficking is a global practice that involves the abduction or recruitment of a person for the purpose of exploitation. Trafficking does not necessarily require transportation...
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...(within the care of the justice system), families, homes, within the community and finally, in the workplace; all areas where children are most liable to some form of violence. However, for most policies to work, the community has to believe in them and understand their importance at first, before any true integration can occur. Many countries still do not see the importance of child development, being either preoccupied with the political or economic agenda or faced with corruption issues. One...
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...The Trafficking of Women and Children in China Imagine walking down the street to class, when all of a sudden two men come out from around the corner, grab you, and throw you into a van. After what feels like hours, the van finally arrives at a building and the men take you and put you in a small room, filled with frightened women and crying children of all ages. When asking another lady where they all were and what was going on, she explains that everyone in the room had been either sold or abducted and must now work as a prostitute to earn profits for the owners of the sex business. Human trafficking is the act of transporting, enlisting, or harboring an individual by use of force or intimidation for the sole purpose of exploitation (China). China is a source, transit, and destination country for thousands of women and children who have been either forced or sold into trafficking (China). Chinese women are often recruited by false promises of employment and are later forced into prostitution while children are often recruited by traffickers who promise their parents that they will send them a percentage of the money the child makes. Between 2001 and 2005, police in China investigated over 28,000 trafficking cases and the Chinese government arrested more than 25,000 suspected traffickers and rescued more than 35,000 victims (China). Despite this investigation, the Chinese government have not increased their efforts to stop trafficking since 2005 and claim that they...
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...Stacey Pena April 4, 2012 Deborah AP Humanities Silenced Human Trafficking What is Human Trafficking? Many people are familiar with human trafficking, but do not hear about it as much as murders or robberies on the news. It is like it never happens. I always question myself about what can be done to put a stop to this and make people aware of this crisis. People are being taken and others do not even know what is going on around them. Nicholas Kristof is one of the individuals that is working towards making a change and helping other girls become free from this terrible experience. They create helpful organizations that put up a fight. Organizations are creating awareness towards the public about human trafficking. They are working on cases that involve the victims and have created groups to help overcome this life changing experience. Trafficking is a profitable industry. It has been identified as the fastest growing criminal industry in the world. It is second only to drug trafficking as the most profitable illegal industry in the world. In 2004, the total annual revenue for human trafficking was estimated to be between $5 billion and $9 billion (Cornell University). Even so, there are a lot of organizations out there helping. Many people are not aware about the human trafficking that is going on in the world and the things people go through while being trafficked. There are a lot of organizations out there helping, but are not creating awareness. There...
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...Human Trafficking Humans are created to be free in this world. They are not goods or properties to be sold or traded. Thus human trafficking is an illegal practice. It uses humans for inhuman activities like prostitution and forced labor. Men, women, and children all over the world are facing human trafficking every day. According to UNODC, human trafficking is the transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons by using force, or other forms of abduction, or fraud, or of giving and receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. This kind of exploitation includes the sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, and slavery or practices similar to slavery (2013). Countries all over the world are affected by human trafficking (UN). Trafficking often occurs from less developed countries to more developed countries (UN). According to the Association of Flight Attendants, 12.3 million adults and children are exploited around the world, 56% are women and girls (2013). The International Labor Organization estimated that in 2005, 980,000 to 1,225 million boys and girls were forced into labor situation. As mentioned in Baumgardner work, human trafficking is expected to be the number one crime in America in 2012. Human trafficking is a 40 billion dollars a year industry. More than 100,000 children in the United States are forced to engage in prostitution each year. The United States...
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...Human Trafficking Modern-day Slavery When Jesus saw her, he called her forward and said to her, “Woman, you are set free from your infirmity”. - Luke 13:12 There are more slaves in the world today than at any time in history. Human trafficking has quickly become a problem the entire world is faced with and there are no countries that are immune to this rapidly growing crisis. Human trafficking is the second largest illegal industry globally, behind the drug trade. The main contributors for human trafficking are governmental corruption, economic, and social crisis within each nation’s borders. In this report, I will cover the definition of human trafficking, some statistics gathered over the years, and what is being done to prevent human trafficking. Human trafficking is defined as the illegal trade in human beings for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation or force labor and is considered as the modern day form of slavery. Human trafficking is an umbrella term used to describe all forms of modern-day slavery. These forms include, but not limited to forced labor, bonded labor, sex trafficking, child labor, and child soldiers. Forced labor makes up the majority of human trafficking in the world. The International Labour Organization (ILO) estimates that for every trafficking victim subjected to forced prostitution, nine people are forced to work. Forced labor is also known as involuntary servitude. Immigrants are particularly vulnerable...
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...Directed Research Human Trafficking-The Sex Trade Research Paper Raquel Barbour Fall Semester 2012 Florida Gulf Coast University Table of Contents Introduction…………………………………………………………………...………...….……3 What is Human Trafficking? ……………………………………………………………..…...4 What is the Sex Trafficking? …………………………………………………..…………….5-6 The Case of Texas Sex Slaves.………….…………………………………………………....6-7 The Case of Houston Sex Slaves…………..…………………………………………………7-9 The Case of Cleveland Sex Slaves………..…………………………………………..…………9 The Case of the New Jersey Sex Slaves……….…………………………………………....10-11 All in the Family…………………………………………………………………………….12-13 The Polaris Project………………………………………………………………………….13-14 Conclusion…………………..…………………………………………………………………..14 References……………………………………………………………………..……………15-16 Introduction Human Trafficking is a crime against humanity. It involves an act of recruiting, transporting, transferring, harboring or receiving a person through a use of force, coercion or other means, for the purpose of exploiting them (Wylie, 2006). Every year, thousands of men, women and children fall into the hands of traffickers, in their own countries and abroad. Every country in the world is affected by trafficking. The effect may be that the country is the country of origin for the victims. The country may be used as a transit underground tunnel for the traffickers. Finally the country that is affected by human trafficking may be the victims’ destination point and introduction to their hell on earth. Whichever...
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...Women and Children trafficking in Bangladesh: A Legal Study Md. Saddam Hossen[1] ABSTRACT Sexual abuse, exploitation, trafficking are nightmares for femininity especially for disadvantage groups and trafficking is the most heinous of all. Government as well as Non- Government Organizations is working for Prevention, Protection, Rehabilitation and Reintegration of trafficked victims and population at risk. Though among these, Prevention is the most effective to reduce or eliminate human trafficking it is least utilized. Perhaps lack of mechanisms by which to measure success or outcome of prevention activities is the cause of this. Still some NGOs are working on it. In fact NGOs have been the pioneers in bringing this invisible crime into the public domain by their continuous efforts. Government is now also concerned of it because of international pressure and concern. Government initiatives give emphasis on prosecution but it is a globally chained crime where prosecute real offender is tough. Rather prevention is the possible measure to stop trafficking. It is the only pre-trafficking measure which may help a young girl or child not to be victim of trafficking. NGOs are the only actor at grass root level working for prevention so it is necessary to see- actually what they are doing and has any change took place. . The study explains the definition of trafficking, causes and consequences of trafficking. It also suggest some recommendations for the preventio9n of this problem. ...
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...PROSTITUTION WITHOUT BORDERS: A High-Tech Human Trafficking in the 21st Century by: Ma. Bernadette B. Bautista As the world moves further into the 21st century, the society becomes more and more dependent on science and technology. Men had discovered technological innovations which brought about admirable effects like new approaches to industry, medicine, communication and information that facilitates the growth of virtual partnerships. With the emergence of new technologies, countries, regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network of communication, transportation, and trade. But as technology advances in time, it has brought about both positive and negative impact not only on individuals but on the society as well. Men had used new forms and new technologies to facilitate their illegal activities and one of which is the raging human trafficking. Human trafficking or trafficking in persons is defined in the 2000 United Nations Convention Against Transnational Crime as the recruitment, transportation, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. It has developed throughout the years. It includes labor exploitation...
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...1. Introduction: ECPAT (End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes) has described a clear idea about child prostitution. According to ECPAT (End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes), which became prominent in the late twentieth century for its work toward the elimination of child prostitution, child pornography, and trafficking of children for sexual purposes, defines child prostitution as "the use of a child in sexual activities for remuneration or any other consideration." According to UN Human Rights Commission (1989) “Child Prostitution” refers to the sexual exploitation of a child for remuneration in cash or in kind, usually but not always organized by an intermediary (parent, family member, procurer, teacher, etc.). Around the world today, there is a human right crisis of sexual abuse of millions of women, children and thousands of men in the prostitution & other form of sexual abuse. Child prostitution is the major part of total prostitution. Children are also involved in prostitution when they engage in sex in return for basic needs such as food, shelter or safety, or pocket money to purchase consumer goods. My paper explores the criminological factors associated with child prostitution in Bangladesh such as human trafficking and child prostitution, forced into prostitution, street children, broken home, social reintegration, livelihood and poverty, marital ...
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...where these types of transactions are considered to be socially and politically legitimate” (Leheny, D. 1995, p.367-384). Sex tourism is evident through many different forms, but the most popular ways it is evident is through pornography, prostitution, and human trafficing. This trend is one of the main sources of revenue in Thailand. It holds 6 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) which is just over $31 billion. Sex tourism started when the “American military on rest and recreation leave during the Vietnam War from 1962” (End Child Prostitution, Pornography and Trafficking UK). The US States Department’s Trafficking in Persons Report (2005) stated that the “widespread sex tourism in Thailand encourages trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation.” This describes sex tourism as being a business related area, trying to convince people that it is an ethical way of making profits and revenues to boost Thailand’s economy. Sex tourism is not an ethical method for bringing revenue into the country because of the severe exploitation of children, and women, and it promotes the intentions of molestation. Thailand is known as the second biggest country for child sex tourism. Child prostitution “deprives children of their childhood, human rights, and dignity” (Lau, C. 2008, p. 144-155). Studies have shown that there is a range of 60,000 to 200,000 children, eighteen years of age or younger that are involved in the sex tourism industry in Thailand. The children are not only Thai...
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...Human Trafficking/Child Soldiers Edwina Hay Dr. Rufus E. Robinson Contemporary International Problems-POL 300002043 March 18, 2011 Human Trafficking/Child Soldiers Human trafficking has attracted the attention of the international community and individual states on more than one occasion. Trafficking consists of the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons by means of threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal or organs (Human Trafficking, 2006). Many types of human trafficking and forms of exploitation exist and are constantly changing. The key types of human trafficking and forms of exploitation include sexual exploitation, labor exploitation of children, and exploitation for the purpose of begging. Sexual exploitation is generally considered to be the primary form of human trafficking offenses. Russia’s sex trade has spread; the sex trade industry currently employs 150,000 women (Human Trafficking, 2006). Sexual exploitation particularly affects women and children. They...
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