...The Changing Face of Welfare 1 The Changing Face of Welfare: A Comprehensive Research Study Bridgett Miller SOC 320 Public Policy & Social Services Instructor Jodie Lawston December 21, 2013 The Changing Face of Welfare 2 Welfare was first established as a Federal program during the Great Depression. In 1935, Congress enacted Aide to Dependent Children (ADC), a relatively modest program whose primary focuses was on widows, orphans, divorced or deserted mothers and their children. By 1937, ADC covered only about 7000,000 people and at least two-thirds of eligible people with children were not covered (Almanac of Policy Issues, 2001). The program grew slowly but steadily over the next two decades, providing assistance to about 3 million people by 1960. In the 1960’s and 1970’s ADC changed to Aide to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and by 1992 with the election of Bill Clinton and his promise to “end welfare as we know it. With the election of a Republic Congress in 1994, Congress was determined to change the existing welfare system and in that same year President Clinton signed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (PRWORA) as welfare reached an all-time peak of 14.2 million recipients, 5 million families and 9.6 million children (Almanac of Policy Issue, 2001). The new act ended welfare entitlement and replaced it with a new block grant providing $16.5 billion per year to states to assist the needy (Almanac of Policy Issue...
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...Youth Services Review 29 (2007) 698 – 720 www.elsevier.com/locate/childyouth Family economic well-being following the 1996 welfare reform: Trend data from five non-experimental panel studies Kristen Shook Slack a,⁎, Katherine A. Magnuson a , Lawrence M. Berger a , Joan Yoo b , Rebekah Levine Coley c , Rachel Dunifon d , Amy Dworsky e , Ariel Kalil f , Jean Knab g , Brenda J. Lohman h , Cynthia Osborne i a School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1350 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States b Columbia University, United States c Boston College, United States d Cornell University, United States e Chapin Hall Center for Children, University of Chicago, United States f University of Chicago, United States g Princeton University, United States h Iowa State University, United States i University of Texas at Austin, United States Available online 10 January 2007 Abstract This analysis summarizes trends in family economic well-being from five non-experimental, longitudinal welfare-to-work studies launched following the passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA). The studies include a sizable group of parents and other caregivers who received TANF at the point of sample selection or shortly thereafter, and share a wide range of similar measures of economic well-being. This analysis provides descriptive information on how these families are faring over time. Our results confirm what has been found by previous...
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...ABSTRACT: The term welfare brings a lot of controversy, for some, it implies that its recipients meaning “poor people” are getting a free ride getting public assistance. For others it is believed to be anti-work, anti-family. Nonetheless, regardless of how one’s felt about welfare, no one can argue that poverty is a social issue that has serious impact on society. Although poverty means different thing to different people, to some, poverty means the some members of society are lazy, not able to take personal responsibility. For others, it means that some members of society are not getting a fair share of the wealth distribution. The point that it remain is viewed as not having enough or lacking enough resource to provide for one’s needs. But many disagree on this definition, because some scholars in the field of sociology agree that poverty transcend money and wealth. Hutchinson (2003) eloquently posits that” poverty influences the ability of parents to adequately meet their children’s basic needs. Understanding human development requires an ecological approach that views the child in a home environment duly placed in a community context, where the family strives to meet their needs and obtain long-term resources” (p.56). The social problem created by poverty is a much larger than any debate ever address. Its remains an issue of serious social concern, addressing the truthfulness about poverty is crucial to assist in the policy making process. Because ignoring the cause...
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...Ethical and Legal Concerns Regarding Welfare Reform Daniel Smith Business Law II, Park University Outline Ethical and Legal Concerns Regarding Welfare Reform I. Current House Vote A. Welfare Reform Act of 1996 II. Course of Welfare Reform Act A. Prejudice B. Economy III. What are President and Current Representatives saying regarding Act? A. Are Ethics being utilized properly? IV. Primary Objective of Welfare Reform Act A. Decrease Reliance B. Requirements C. Statistics D. Social Workers Some Democrats believe the 1996 welfare reform is better than the recommendations of the Obama Administration. “The House voted Thursday (September 20, 2012) to block the Obama Administration's unilateral weakening of welfare's work requirements, and political reporters are writing it off as a partisan primal scream if they notice at all.” (Unknown, 2012) All Republicans and nineteen Democrats showed their dislike of the current administrations path down the welfare reform road with an astounding 250-164 rout over welfare reform recommendations. That’s one-tenth of the Democratic caucus joining with the Republicans to say our people need welfare in its current state during these hard economic times. The Reform Act was started during the Clinton Administration in August of 1996. However, welfare has been a controversial issue since the 1960’s. It was not until the late 1980’s, when the citizens...
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...demonstrate poor academic performance and problem-solving skills, and low levels of empathy. Exposure to chronic or extreme domestic violence may result in symptoms consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder, such as emotional numbing, increased arousal, avoidance of any reminders of the violent event, or obsessive and repeated focus on the event. Retrospective studies indicate that there may also be negative effects in adulthood, including depression, low self-esteem, violent practices in the home, and criminal behavior. Carlson (1992). Families affected by domestic violence touch all service systems and live in every community. Children exposed to domestic violence are in our schools, day-care centers, health care institutions, child welfare systems, and other agency settings. Law enforcement personnel have contact with children exposed to domestic violence through on-site police responses to domestic violence calls. Virtually every branch of...
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...Should Welfare Regulations Be Changed Iris Bates Strayer University Persuasive Paper Part 3: Possible Disadvantages, Answers with Visuals English 215 Research and Writing taught by Professor Weslea Bell March 11, 2014 Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) is one of the federal assistance programs designed to help families with children providing cash and housing assistance. The cash benefit is often referred to as “welfare”. Welfare recipients are often portrayed as lazy, lacking in ambition, and unwilling to take responsibility for themselves (Brady, 2013). When the recipients of welfare receive the cash and housing benefits is it truly helping or hindering them? Doug Brady states, “the current welfare system provides such a high level of benefits that it acts as a disincentive for work.” This raises the question of should welfare regulations be changed or not? The passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, was known as the “welfare reform”. TANF ended the much despised Depression-era federal entitlement to cash benefits for needy single mothers, replacing it with short term, work oriented programs designed and run by individual states (Hymowitz, 2006). Under TANF, the federal government provides a block grant to the states, which use these funds to operate their own programs. In order to receive federal funds, states must also spend some of their own dollars on programs for needy family. (Schott, 2012) Congress...
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...from sexual abuse; this involved heavy regulation of the community member’s lives, and many people did not approve. The Intervention program was initiated in response to allegations of sexual abuse in Aboriginal communities during August 2006; this prompted an enquiry into methods to protect children, and on the 15th of June 2007, the “Little Children are Sacred” report was released (Calma, 2008). Following this, the federal government created a policy in the Northern Territory on the 23rd June 2007 called the Northern Territory Emergency Response, also labelled as “The Intervention” (Calma, 2008). The changes that were implemented in this Intervention policy include the removal of the permit system for access to Indigenous land, 50% of welfare payments were confined, the abolishment of government-funded Community Development Employment Projects, Aboriginal children were subjected to language changes in schools, the government expected Indigenous people to lease their property in return for governmental services, and finally, Aboriginal children were required to have mandatory...
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...Philosophical and Professional Issues in Applied Psychology (PS7060) Date of submission – 24/06/2013 Children first national guidance for the protection and welfare of children: A critical examination Table of Contents * Overview 3 * Children first national guidance and the Constitution 3 * Clinical relevance 8 * Conclusion 11 * References 12 Overview This essay examined the Children First National Guidance (2011) document for the protection and welfare of children in Ireland. It focused on the rationale, aims, principles and policies of best practice in working with children; and through those principles and policies addressed the impact of the Children First National Guidance on the Government, parents/guardians, and individuals / organisations that work with children to promote their well-being. Overall, this current study defended the fundamental rights of children by upholding that their safety, health and well-being and that of their families and parents are central to the Irish Government’s policy of best care for children/family. However, as was supported by some constitutional amendment and the Children First National Guidance (2011) - in a situation of conflict between the child’s best interest and that of his/her parent’s, the welfare of the child is utmost. This research also examined the statutory responsibilities of the Health Service Executive and An Garda Síochána to effectively respond to and...
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...Education reform has a major impact on teaching children of poverty. For decades, education reform has been a leading topic on the national political agenda. It is an epidemic issue which has led to various legislations to include: the Elementary and Secondary Act of 1965 (ESEA), No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) and the most recent, Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA). Few Americans realize that the U.S. educational system is one of the most unequal in the industrial world, and students routinely receive dramatically different learning opportunities based in their social status (Jensen, 2010). If policymakers continue to ignore the correlation between poverty and education reform, many students will be left behind and unable to succeed in the...
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... S.No | Description | Page No. | 1. | Introduction | 3 | 2. | Historical background | 4 | 3. | Evolution of juvenile justice system I. Several unique feature characterized in early juvenile court II. English idea of providing separate system for juvenile offender III. The Reformatory schools | 5 | 4. | International concern I. Relevant Article from UN convention II. Movement of Juvenile justice in India | 7 | 5. | Indian legal Provision I. Constitution provision II. Penal provision III. Juvenile justices provision a. Reformatory school Act-1876 b. Children Act-1960 c. Juvenile justice Act-1986 IV. Juvenile justice(Protection and Care) Act-2000 | 10 | 6. | An Analysis I. Who is a juvenile in conflict with law II. Age of criminal responsibility and determination of juvenility III. Present conflict about the age | 14 | 7. | Indian Reformatory approach I. The Child Welfare Committee(CWC) II. The juvenile justices board III. Police IV. Probation Officer V. State government | 16 | 8. | At present- Extent of delinquency in India-NCRB Report | 18 | 9. | Root causation of increasing number of juvenile | 23 | 10. | Role of the society | 26 | 11. | Judicial efforts | 27 | 12. | Recommendation | 28 | 13. | Conclusion | 30 | Introduction 42% of our population is children; the problem of juvenile delinquency is not new but this seek our attention recently very much because of that brutal incident which occur in Delhi...
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...MEDIA BRIEFING AN ANALYSIS OF THE NATIONAL BUDGET FOR FY2015 06 JUNE 2014 CPD IRBD 2014 TEAM Dr Debapriya Bhattacharya, Distinguished Fellow CPD and, Professor Mustafizur Rahman, Executive Director, CPD were in overall charge of preparing this report as the Team Leaders. Lead contributions were provided by Dr Fahmida Khatun, Research Director; Dr Khondaker Golam Moazzem, Additional Research Director and Mr Towfiqul Islam Khan, Research Fellow, CPD. Valuable research support was received from Mr M Shafiqul Islam, Additional Director, Administration & Finance; Ms Khaleda Akhter, Senior Research Associate; Mr Muhammad Al Amin, Senior Research Associate; Mr Kishore Kumer Basak, Senior Research Associate; Mr Md. Zafar Sadique, Senior Research Associate; Ms Mehruna Islam Chowdhury, Senior Research Associate; Mr Uttam Kumar Paul, Deputy Director, Accounts; Mr Mashfique Ibne Akbar, Research Associate; Ms Farzana Sehrin, Research Associate; Ms Saifa Raz, Research Associate; Ms Umme Salma, Research Associate; Ms Umme Shefa Rezbana, Research Associate; Ms Mahenaw Ummul Wara, Research Associate; Dialogue Associate; Mr Md. Naimul Gani Saif, Research Associate; Mr Mohammad Afshar Ali, Research Associate; Ms Shahida Pervin, Research Associate; Ms Afnan Ashfaque, Research Associate; Mr Mostafa Amir Sabbih, Research Associate; Ms Kashfi Rayan, Research Associate; Ms Shahzeen Hafiz, Programme Associate; Mr Ziad Quader, Research Intern; Ms Nadee Naboneeta Imran, Research Intern and Mr...
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...SOCIAL POLICY ANALYSIS: WELFARE TO WORK Research is key to the continued development of the theory and knowledge base of social work practice. The AASW supports the undertaking of research as a key activity to build and maintain the mission of the social work profession. Research is an essential area of social work practice and is included in the AASW Practice Standards for Social Workers, (section 4.3), highlighting its importance to social work practice. Social workers are expected to “understand the role of research and evaluation in obtaining and generating new knowledge for practice.” (AASW 2013) Social work research informs professional practice. Through social work research, the profession can: * Assess the needs and resources of people in their environments * Evaluate the effectiveness of social work services in meeting people needs * Demonstrate relative costs and benefits of social work services * Advance professional education in light of changing contexts for practice * Understand the impact of legislation and social policy on the clients and communities we serve Australia’s population is ageing. At the same time, spending on income support payments as a whole (and not just age pensions) is anticipated to increase. Without on-going high rates of economic growth, the nation will struggle to support its ageing population and those who rely on government income support (ABS, 2006). Australian governments have long recognized the...
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...Human Behavior - 50 Paper S1: 03 Methods of Working with People: Micro-Approaches - 50 Paper S1: 04 Social Welfare Administration - 50 Paper S1: 05 Research Methodology - 50 Paper S1: 06 Man & Society - 50 Paper S1: 07 Concurrent Field work three days in a week - 50 Total - 350 SECOND SEMESTER Paper S2: 01 Approaches and fields of Social Work - 50 Paper S2: 02 Human Growth and Development - 50 Paper S2: 03 Methods of working with People: Macro Approaches - 50 Paper S2: 04 Management of NGO’s and Disaster Relief Services - 50 Paper S2: 05 Statistics and Computer Application - 50 Paper S2: 06 Dynamics of Socio-Political Institutions and Organizations - 50 Paper S2: 07 Concurrent Field work (three days in a week) -50 Total - 350 M.A. in Social Work (Part-I) Preamble: 1. There shall be six theory papers of 50 marks each and field work of 50 marks as paper seventh out of 50 marks, 38 marks shall be devoted to semester paper and 12 marks shall be fixed for class/home assignments. 2. The format of the theory paper shall be the same as it is being following by the university. 3. Evaluation procedure shall be as per university norms. FIRST SEMESTER Paper S1: 01 History and Philosophy of Social Work (50) Unit – I Meaning, objectives and scope of social work; Role and functions of social work – Welfare versus development orientation; Values, Principles and philosophy of social work; Profession- meaning...
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...radically improved the position of women, mothers and single parents in economic forerunners such as Germany and Sweden, with the gender gap being arguably non-existent if compared to previous generations. However, it is still apparent that there are startling differences between the two countries in terms of welfare benefits and social policy affecting men and women, with neither achieving the desired goal of an egalitarian society. Within his ground-breaking study on welfare state regime-types, Gøsta Esping-Andersen argues that gender imbalances within social policy is the outcome and production of the specific welfare-regime type the state possesses, suggesting that whether traditionalist or socialist in their views, welfare states dominate policies, consequently determining which social group benefits such as the bourgeoisie or proletariat, the majority or minority or men or women for example. (Esping-Andersen, 1990: 24) The first chancellor of Germany, Otto Von Bismarck created a social insurance system in 1873, of which became a pioneering model for the basis of the German welfare state, which to this day is still dominated by his ideas on welfare benefits. “Bismarck was motivated to introduce social insurance in Germany both in order to promote well-being of workers in order to keep the German economy operating at maximum efficiency, and to starve off call for more radical socialist alternatives.” (SSA, 2012) Bismarck emphasised the importance of a...
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...Term Paper: The Economics of Domestic Poverty December 11, 2014 Table of Contents: Page 2-5: Evaluation of poverty rate and suggested improvements Page 6-8: Causes of U.S income inequality Page 9-10: Describe and evaluate the welfare reform efforts of the past decade. What measures are still needed? Page 10-12: Scriptures View On Poverty Page 13-14: Bibliography Evaluation of poverty rate and suggested improvements Who are the poor in United States? The World Bank defines the poor as those who live on less than $2 a day. In the United States, however the most common way of measuring poverty is if a family’s income falls below the official “threshold of poverty”. The United States Census Bureau defines those being below the threshold of poverty as, “households who do not have a sufficient income to meet minimal food and basic needs.” The poverty threshold varies between households with more or less occupants and members under the age of 18 or over the age of 65. For example a household with one member under the age of 18-65 in 2014 has a weighted threshold average of 12,119 per year, while a household with one member over the age of 65 have a threshold of 11,173 (Census Bureau, 2014). U.S. poverty was first measured in the 1960’s through the Social Security Administration, under the help of economist Mollie Orshansky. Orshansky helped establish the official poverty threshold, by using the cost of the Department of Agriculture’s economical food plan. She estimated...
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