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Child and Adolescent Development

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I believe a lack of early attachment can have extremely detrimental effects on a child, regardless of an on-going relationship. I have seen with my own family members that building positive and secure relationships with parents at a young age is crucial to developing trust. My stepbrother, Mark, had little to no attachment to his parents growing up. It has been tough to see how this has affected his development into adolescence. He is 19 years old now and has trouble respecting authority and listening to others. From what I have learned in this course, it is clear to me that he failed to develop trust in Erikson’s trust vs. mistrust phase (Berger, 2010). As an infant, his care was unreliable and unpredictable, so he could not look to his primary caregiver for stability and consistent care. As a child, he lacked the ability to have confidence in the world around him and to see that he could make a difference. Today, those issues have matured into heightened insecurities, anxiety issues, and many broken relationships.
On the other hand, I think some children who lack attachment in their early years become obsessed with feeling loved that they grow over-attached in other relationships. As they mature they place much of their identity in being validated in romantic and non-romantic relationships (which can leave one confused about who they really are). Recent studies have even showed that a lack of attachment affects right brain development and biologically alters long-term behavioral outcomes (Haiman, 2012). Many adolescents who have been through the foster-care system don’t develop secure attachment bonds because they don’t have a consistent caregiver and are moving from one environment to the next. Consequences of this (as discussed above) can influence cognitive, self-esteem, impulse, conscience, interpersonal, and emotional development. An adolescent in this

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