...Children without Parents Being from a single parent household, I can personally tell you that it really has its disadvantages. The absence of a father figure has drastic effects in a child’s life. Compared to living with both parents, living in a single-parent household doubles the risk that a child will suffer physical, emotional, or educational neglect. A study of 109 juvenile offenders indicated that family structure significantly predicts delinquency. Particularly boys of single parent were at higher risk of status, property and person delinquencies. A study of 13,986 women in prison showed that more than half grew up without their father. Adolescent girls raised in a two parent home with involved fathers were less likely to be sexually active than girls raised without involved fathers. It is a known fact that 43% of US children live without their father. Approximately forty-six percent of jail inmates in 2002 had a previously incarcerated family member [US Department of Census]. Children act out in a number of ways to release their feelings of abandonment, betrayal and loneliness when a father is missing from the home. Massey University researchers report that 85 percent of children treated for behavioral disorders do not have a father in the home. Boys and girls exposed to gangs are more likely to be drawn to the groups that provide a sense of security they missed by not having a father in the home. Children who do not have the benefit of a strong, stable...
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...able to bear the maximum cost for child rearing (material goods, private schooling, setting up in business or career)." (Berns, pg. 97, 2010). The upper-class family may provide financial security to the children. This security enables the family to afford an above average lifestyle and is usually passed from generation to generation. The family may reside in an area with a safe and progressive school system that provides an education that covers more than basic test taking skills. The upper-class family may have access to activities for the children that offers opportunities to explore creative and athletic interests outside of the school system. A family from the underclass may have more adversities than most. Our text noted that many of these families struggle with the cost of basic necessities of child rearing. Government and social services are essential in providing financial assistance in most of these families. Many of these families are led by single mothers or grandparents. Statistics show that these families may not have financial security and this insecurity is passed from generation to generation. The family may reside in an unsafe area and the school system lacks the materials needed to provide an education strong enough for the children to prepare the children to succeed in higher education. Extracurricular activities, creative or athletic, are not readily available to families from the underclass due to lack of funding and institionalized prejudice. Four types...
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...were surrendered to an adoption agency in New York City in the late 1960s. The twins, who are known in psychological literature as Amy and Beth, might have gone through life in obscurity had they not come to the attention of Dr. Peter Neubauer, a prominent psychiatrist at New York University's Psychoanalytic Institute and a director of the Freud Archives. Neubauer believed at the time that twins posed such a burden to parents, and to themselves in the form of certain developmental hazards, that adopted twins were better off being raised separately, with no knowledge of their twinship. Neubauer also recognized the exceptional research possibilities such a separation offered. Studies of twins reared apart are one of the most powerful tools that scholars have to analyze the relative contributions of heredity and environment to the makeup of individual human natures. Identical twins are rare, however, and twins who have been separated and brought up in different families are particularly unusual. Neubauer was aware of a mere handful of studies examining twins reared apart, and in most cases the twins being studied had been separated for only part of their childhoods and were reunited at some point long before the study began. Here was an opportunity to look at twins from the moment they were separated, and to trace them through childhood, observing at each stage of development the parallel or diverging courses of their lives. Because the sisters shared the same genetic makeup, one...
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...homosexual individuals are fighting so hard for the rights they are seeking, should homosexuals be given the right to adopt children? There is no reason why homosexual individuals shouldn’t be allowed to adopt children because they are capable of providing a secure and loving home for a child just as anyone else. It is also in the best interest for the child to have a secure and loving home vs. not having a home at all. Children being raised in a home where homosexuality is accepted and respected and not viewed as something wrong could change and teach others to accept and respect homosexuals as people as well. Homosexuals are human beings too, so why should they be treated any different just because of their sexual orientation? There are people that do oppose to the idea of homosexuals being allowed to adopt children. “Various arguments have been made against placing children with homosexual individuals or couples,” but the most controversial and talked about issue would be mother and father vs. same sex parents (Patterson 1). People believe that the best home for a child is a home that has a mother and a father present, yet still disregarding the fact that there are many single parents successfully raising children without the help of the opposite sex. Being raised in a home with two parents would be great for any child, but “the sexual preferences of the parents” shouldn’t be an issue (Epstein 2). Discrimination against homosexuals is still an issue today, but it doesn’t have...
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...Authoritarian Parenting Style: The Negative Effect On Children Abstract The Authoritarian Parenting Style is one of four parenting styles used to rear children. Authoritarian Parenting style is described by Feldman (2011) as “parents that are controlling, punitive, rigid, cold. Their word is law, and they value strict, unquestioning obedience……; they do not tolerate expressions of disagreement (p.251).” Because children are unable to explore their own feelings, values and opinions, they, grow up with various negative effects. Some of those effects are anxiety, low self-esteem, lack of social skills and bullying other people. The negative effects, that these children inherit, naturally follow them into their adulthood. Feldman (2011) confirms “Children of authoritarian parents tend to be withdrawn…..they are not very friendly….boys are unusually hostile (p. 251).” The parenting style we choose to raise our children is so pivotal because it will shape the traits, personality and mannerisms of our children. As parents, ultimately we want to produce Godly, respectable, successful children that will one day be an asset to society. Parenting Styles Children reared with an authoritarian parenting style are laden with various negative effects that produce: anxiety, low self-esteem, over-aggression in males, dependence in females, lack of social skills, and becoming a bully. Although for this paper we will be focusing primary on the negative effects...
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...In this essay I will explain Bowlby’s theory of attachment were Bowlby argues that a baby goes through a certain amount of stages to form an attachment with its primary caregiver and then multiple attachment. I will explain the stages throughout my essay. To begin, Bowlby argued that attachment is a type of mechanism that ensures the survival of the child. In other words, forming a bond with someone, often the child’s primary care giver is the most essential in order to survive. According to Bowlby which is why they strive to maintain close proximity to the significant adult. He argued that babies have abilities such as crying and smiling to encourage the primary care giver to look after them, and vice versa, the parents, particularly mothers, possess instincts designed to protect their child from harm. Bowlby presented his theory which comes under five sections, firstly being adaptive where babies have an attachment gene ensuring that the infant stays close to the caregiver for food and protein. As this is innate, the baby has social releasers (physical characteristics and behavioural characteristics) which are adaptive because a child’s behavioural characteristic helps the baby to survive. They are innate because survival of a baby’s life is naturally selected. Without any carte from the primary caregiver the baby will not be able to survive on its own. The second stage is Bowlby’s concept of monotropy, which the theory consists of a number of essential factors. Which he...
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...Myths in Developmental Psychology Anne Arundel Community College PSY 211-876 Professor: Lori K. Perez Prepared by: Srijana Khatri January 25th Development psychology characterizes the human growth thought the elder less for example childhood to middle hood to late adulthood so on. Developmental psychology study the human growth and the development ,but also the combine not only physical development but also cognitive ,social intellectual, percertual, personality and emotional growth. It also studies how we grow up in deferent culture and what we learned there. In different culture have there on life style also have myths which are very old they are coming from generation to ganerasion.all culture have developed their own mythology which does not have any scientist fact proof. It is important for us to understand development psychology .how we experience our lifestyle in different culture from parental growth to late adulthood and even after death. From the day we are born all of us experience our lives as member of a culture and our culture have many myths example I ma going to decries five myths in this assiment. According to the book “Human Development: A Cultural approach with Additional Material Custom edition for Anne Arundel community college :Human development mean the way people grow and change across the life span ; including people’s biological, cognitive ,psychological, and social functioning. From the day we born we all start our lives as member of a culture...
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... Same sex couples should be allowed to adopt children because the discrimination of them is taking potential parents away from orphans. The children in foster homes obviously want parents, and they same sex couples looking to adopt obviously want children. The solution is simple, but biases and invalid concerns are stopping the government and adoption agencies from seeing it. The sexuality of an adult will not matter to children who don’t have parents, they just want somewhere to call home. Children are not born judgemental they are raised to be judgemental. There is not a single baby in the world who would reject parents because...
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...It was hypothesized by John Locke, that an individual begins life as a tabula rasa or ‘blank slate’. Locke presented in 1690, Essay Concerning Human Understanding, which argued an originary state of formlessness (R. Duschinsky), whereby the mind is receptive to learning, but experience is the determinant in attaining knowledge. Locke’s behaviourist perspective favours the role of experiential growth (nurture), over genetic predisposition (nature), in the development of human behaviour. This notion is inaccurate, as in actuality, the shaping of human behaviour does not rely solely on learned experience. Human behaviour is in fact a mutual interaction of both genetic and environmental factors, with genetic predisposition playing a substantial role. It was argued by G.W Leibniz that an individual inherently contains the sources of various notions which external objects merely rouse up on suitable occasions. This essay will concur with Leibniz’s philosophy that in fact it is the interplay of individual nature and nurture which drives the development of human behaviour, in particular, antisocial behaviour, to in turn, contradict John Locke’s tabula rasa hypothesis. Antisocial behaviours are disruptive acts characterised by hostility, intentional aggression towards others and destructive behaviour. The behaviour includes repeated violations and definance of social rules and authority, and a reckless disregard for self and others. It is characterised by deceitfulness and theft, and...
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...this study will enlighten teachers of the problems children from broken homes have to contend with a view to helping them adjust properly to learning situation and In this study the researcher will focus on the behavior of the students in school and how they will interact with others. Discussion: The Family is an essential factor for a human’s whole-being, everything about a man, his background, attitude, all of his achievements, his honor and dignity , relies on the structure of the family a man lives in with. A family is composed of a father a mother and their offspring, bonded by their love for each other. Here in the modern age a family could be two things, complete or broken. A broken family is believed to be a cause of a child’s mislead in life, some people give it as the main reason of the rebellious and unclear acts of children. School, another factor which meld us on becoming successful, but how will it make us successful if we can’t focus, we can’t do schooling like others cause we mind the problems we encounter in our homes. Many articles and support the issue that broken families affect the child’s performance, attitude and self-esteem. They show statistics that broken families affect much of the child’s emotional and spiritual being, that it greatly distresses the child’s education. The problems children from broken homes are facing with the resultant failure in school. Single parenthood has been found to adversity affect the...
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...ralph gay couple with three adopted children. For four years we were struggling with the systems in Los Angeles County and in Santa Barbara County. From now, if people ask me ask about gay adoption, I will absolutely say “yes” and strongly support gay adoption. Between 1 million to 6 million children in the U.S. are being raised by committed lesbian or gay couples. In those children, research show has not found a single study showing that children of gay families to be disadvantage. Moreover, a lot of gay parents raise children as successful people. Homosexual parents are also offer safe home, good environment to their children. Children are raised in gay families can be just as successful as those with heterosexual parents, in some way they may have advantage. Opponents of gay families often argue that such families produce children that are less successful, because children of gay families are more likely to be gay and believe that children raised by homosexual parents are placed at risk for metal, emotional. Being raised by gay parent means that the family unit has an unbalanced ratio of male and female role models in the home environment, you could reasonably expect that this imbalance would spread into the parents circle of friends and the people that the family socialise with on a regular basis. But I do not think those factors are not necessarily true in the real world. Gay families are often more successful than single parents. They do better in discipline, self-esteem...
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...1) Both parents that are in paid work. 2) Expressive role is the wife’s job in the family, social and emotional support. Instrumental role is men’s role as disciplinary and bread winner for the family. 3) Generational diversity, life stage diversity, social class diversity. Family diversity is the varying types of family’s in society, this is has increased massively in the last 50 years, and sociologist have disagreed if this is having good or bad effects on society. The nuclear family structure has typically been the most popular in modern society, but is now under threat due to the demand of other family structures. Contacts with wider kin (aunts and cousins, for example) are usually infrequent and more likely to involve ‘impersonal contacts’ such as texting, telephone, facebook or email. For this reason, this family structure is sometimes called an “isolated nuclear” (reflecting its isolation from wider kin or conjugal family. This is a unitary family unit, self-contained unit and they are independent, economically and psychologically. A variation of the nuclear family is the cereal packet family, this is considered the ideal family by functionalists, refers to the image most people hold of the family. It is also the picture of the family that the media tends to present, especially in adverts. The cereal packet family comprises of: Parents Children The woman is a housewife and full time mother and the man is the 'breadwinner' i.e. he is the one who has to go...
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...Remember, that although there are undoubtedly differences between now and the recent past, for example, immigration, values and affluence, there arealso likely to be strong continuities. In addition, it is possible that the more unified view of the family we see in sociological literature from the 1950s is a distorted view that ignored, or did not observe real differences in family structure and life course. Much recent research supports the view that diversity is the rule in family arrangements. In Britain, Fogerty and Rapoport (1982) concluded that: "Families in Britain today are in a transition from coping in a society in which there was a single overriding norm of what family life should be like to a society in which a plurality of norms are recognised as legitimate and, indeed, desirable". As Crowley(1992) argues: 'The normative family is a statistical minority'. Types of analysis One way to study family life is to divide up a family in terms of a number of stages that a 'normal' family would be expected to pass through. This is the Life-cycle approach. Life-course approaches are, by contrast, much more focused on the individual as the unit of analysis, rather than the family unit. The life-cycle approach views family life as essentially predictable. The assumption that the future, in most ways, resembles the past and that there are regular patterns that can be discerned. However, recent evidence reveals that such regular patterns are now considerably weakened...
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...A child’s earliest bond is with their parents and that connection lasts a lifetime. The primary caregivers also play an enormous role in the social and emotional development of the child which assists the child in maturing both socially and emotionally. In this assignment I will firstly discuss how parenting impacts the attachment a child makes both socially and emotionally with their family. Secondly, I will outline how parenting effects the attachment a child makes when brought into a crèche or playschool environment and how they develop and cope both socially and emotionally in this setting. Lastly, I will examine how parenting impacts the attachment...
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...primary socialisation of children and the stabilisation of adult personalities. The New right The new right have an anti-feminist perspective on the family. They are firmly opposed to family diversity. They see the same values as functionalist parson who says that male and females have roles males have instrumentals roles where they’re designed to work and earn food labelled bread winner while females have expressive roles that are designed to look after children, The new right see the nuclear family as natural and based upon biological differences, family is the cornerstone which upheld society a place of refuge contentment and harmony The new right argue that the decline of the traditional nuclear family and growth of family diversity are a cause of social problems such as high crime rates and educational failures One way they see this occurring is because single mothers are unnatural and harmful as they cannot discipline their child propley which results in them become delinquency and become a burden on the welfare state by them become a strain on education which they will fail and therefore become dependent on welfare later in life and repeat the cycle and also become involved in criminal life. Evidence can be seen by Harry Benson’s who analysed 15,000 babies born in 2000 he found that nearly 3000 of the mothers have become lone parents over the 3 year period however he found families which support the nuclear family on 3% of them became lone parents while people in cohabiting...
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