...China: Facing the 21st Century China has rebuilt itself from having an unstable economy, a collapsed government followed by a few turbulent years of corruption and political instability to having the world’s largest population, state-of-the-art technological advances, an incredibly growing economy and several influential leaders. The country has been credited for many inventions indispensable today such as paper, the compass, mechanical clocks, and gunpowder among others and always thought to be ahead of its time technologically. The Chinese government continues to place emphasis on innovation by allowing its people to do research on various subjects such as stem-cell research and gene therapy; these are widely controversial in other parts of the world but not as regulated in China¹; however, the country wasn’t always thriving. Development took place during the Dynastic era. Confucius first led the country to order and the Qin Shi Huang was credited for unifying the country as well as adapting the Chinese currency, weights and measure, as well as the Chinese language. This laid the foundation for China to become the country it is today. Without these key players, China would not have the economy or the intellect it currently has. In addition, there were various changes in the governmental sector. There was a lot of chaos before the Maoist takeover, including conflict between the Guomindang (GMD) nationalist party and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) which culminated in CCP...
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...A B S T R A C T "The Belt and Road" strategic initiative put forward by China, has a significant influence on the development of international society. At the same time, as a grand strategic initiative, the construction of "The Belt and Road" will also promote the economic development of countries which will participate in the project. The initiative involves so many countries and such a large population, which is unprecedented in the history of China's diplomacy. What’s more, the domestic environment in these nations is complex and pluralistic, which undoubtedly plays an important role in "The Belt and Road". I will explore what opportunities and challenges this initiative will bring to regional and international economic development In this paper, by analyzing the implementation process of the initiative, different attitudes of involved countries and several meaningful accomplishments of the project. Keywords: The Belt and Road Influence Opportunities Challenges 1. Introduction The "Silk Road" in history is the main trade route connecting China and outside world and the core bond between China and outside, through which they can make economic, political and cultural exchanges a lot. To speed up the construction of Chinese new open economy system, China put forward a strategic planning about "Pushing the construction of Silk Road Economic Zone and Maritime Silk Road, and forming a new opening all-round pattern” on the third plenary session of the eighteenth...
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...Is the American Century Over? Joseph Nye opened up his conference explaining the meaning of the title of his new book. The term “the American Century” was coined by Henry Luce, the former Time publisher, in 1941, in order to describe what he hoped would be the future of the United States and the reason why they should get involved in the Second World War. Thus, for Nye, the American Century refers to the period that followed the Second World War, with the Truman doctrine, when the US realized that it could no longer be isolated from the rest of the world. Surely the United States played a primary role in the second part of the 20th Century, especially in the last part of the Century, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and it is still under many aspects the leading power of the world. Therefore, why should the American Century be over? According to Nye, for the sense of declining that the American people started to feel after the economic crisis. This sense of declining is not something new, though, but can be found throughout all the American history: from the fear of the puritans of losing their rigid morality to the belief of a possible Soviet overcoming after the...
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...2016 Case 6-4: China and India: Opportunities and Challenges Overtime, China and India have developed some capabilities, which have affected developed nations like U.S, Germany, Japan and so on. The rising capability that the two countries possess is as a result of their ability to assign their available resources (factor conditions) to specific productive areas to yield viable outcome. Rarely has the economic ascent of two still relatively poor nations been watched with such a mixture of awe, opportunism, and trepidation. The postwar era witnessed economic miracles in Japan and South Korea. But neither was populous enough to power worldwide growth or change the game in a complete spectrum of industries. China and India, by contrast, possess the weight and dynamism to transform the 21st century global economy. Never has the world seen the simultaneous, sustained takeoffs of two nations that together account for one-third of the planet’s population. For the past two decades, China has been growing at an astounding 9.5% a year, and India by 6%. Given their young populations, high savings, and the sheer amount of catching they still have to do, most economist figure China and India possess the fundamentals to keep growing in the 7% to 8% ranges for decades. (Cravens, 2013) Barring cataclysm, within three decades India should have vaulted over Germany as the world’s third-biggest economy. By mid-century, China should have overtaken the U.S as No. 1. By then, China and India could...
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...International Research Journal of Social Sciences_____________________________________ ISSN 2319–3565 Vol. 2(8), 48-54, August (2013) Int. Res. J. Social Sci. India and China: Prospects and Challenges Mehraj Uddin Gojree Department of Political Science, Aligarh Muslim University, U.P., INDIA Available online at: www.isca.in Received 16th July 2013, revised 27th July 2013, accepted 12th August 2013 Abstract This paper seeks to assess the future prospects and challenges of the relationship between the two rising giants of Asia namely China and India. As they both are rising as great powers, their mutual relationship will have a significant impact not only on Asia, but on the whole world. At present, the nature of their relationship is something mixed i.e., growing cooperation in the field of trade and commerce along with distrust and mutual suspicions in the strategic fields whether political or geographical. For these apparent factors, the future relationship between India and China can be characterised by the cooperation in those fields whether mutual, regional or international which may be beneficial for the peaceful rise of both these states and confrontation, competition, and even hostility in some other areas where the respective interests of both the giants clash with each other, for example, the border issue, relationship with other countries particularly US and Pakistan, their encirclement policies, competition for energy resources, nuclear arms race...
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...“Marketing in the 21st century will be of paramount importance to the continuing development and growth of China. In order to continue the prosperous growth into the future survival and growth of companies in China, there is a need to adopt and embrace a marketing philosophy”. China’s participation in the World Trade Organization (WTO) since 2001 has boosted its economic growth and accelerated its legal reformation. Multinationals, thus, have gained confident to invest in China, resulting in rapid increase in foreign investment and made China as one of the largest foreign investment destinations in the world. The country’s WTO accession makes it an irreversible trend to integrate its economy into the global economic framework. With the unprecedented business opportunities and competition brought by foreign investment, marketing in the 21st century will be of significant importance to the continuing development and growth of China. In order to continue the prosperous growth into the future survival and growth of companies in China, there is a need to embrace a marketing philosophy. To survive in the 21st century, companies in China should, at a minimal effort, adopt the marketing concept and be customer-centered, that is to meet customers’ needs profitably. To go further, companies should move beyond and practice the customer concept by serving individual customers with customized offers, services and messages. Technological advancement allows and empowers mass customization...
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...increasing domestic cost pressures, Asia may also become a new source of global inflation. Asia’s exports of capital to advanced economies may shrink as the region rebalances and outflows should focus more on portfolio investment and foreign direct investment (FDI). In the coming decade, a potential crisis in a major Asian economy such as China could trigger the next global recession. SUMMARY: History: more than 1000 years before the industrial revolution, the combined share of China and India in the world economy was routinely greater than 50% (but whether they will assert influences on the world economy depends on assumption of sustainability) 1993: the East Asian miracle, HPAEs (world bank 1993), no China India 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis (triggered by the withdrawal of foreign capital from the region, however, excessive borrowing, overheating economies and declining investment returns in previous years had already laid the foundations) 1999, 2000: most Asian countries recovered 2008 GFC may accelerate the shift of global economic gravity toward Asia and probably reinforced the prediction of a new Asian century: during GFC, China &India stay 9% growth rate, and HK…. With negative rate, but...
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...tests of interests or outlooks, as well as information from interviews (Framingham, J. 2011). Psychological assessment is one of the most important parts in applied psychology. In this paper writer will explore the historical roots of psychological assessment, explain why the event is significant, and how it has affected the development of psychological testing in the 21st century. Psychological Testing is the core of Clinical Psychology focusing on the measurement of traits, human abilities, and characteristics. Psychologists primarily use the various tests to measure cognitive, intelligence, and personality traits (Framingham, J. 2011). For example, the civil service selection system in China is used to recruit officials according to merits rather than political or family association. Exams were introduced in the Han dynasty. This played a very important role in Chinese intellectual and social life from as early as 2200 B.C.E. (Cohen and Swerdlik, 2010). Passing the exams, which were centered on philosophy and classical literature, became a highly coveted status in the affluent intellectual culture in China. In general, proficiency in endeavors such as music, archery, horsemanship, writing, and arithmetic were examined. Also important were subjects such as agriculture, geography, revenue, civil law, and military...
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...your group so that each member can work on different dimensions of your research subject. Economic Issues related to the BRICS China: Facing the 21st Century China is without doubt currently the most dynamic force in Asia; it may be the most dynamic force in the world. Moreover, if China continues along its present trajectory, its growth will inevitably change the face of Asia. How did China do this? Where is China heading? What is happening in China? How did China do this? • What are economic strengths and challenges facing China today? • What is the impact of China's growth on other Asian countries? • What are the critical next steps for China in terms of its currency? What are their problems? India: Facing the 21st Century Some say we need to talk about “Chindia” as the new dynamic growth economy. India alone has shown growth of over 9 percent and is one of the fastest growing nations in Asia. • What are India’s economic strengths and challenges? • How did India achieve its growth? • Where is India heading with regards to China? • What is the impact of India's growth on other Asian countries? Brazil: Should it be part of BRICS? With slow growth and low saving to GDP ratio some question if Brazil should be included in the BRICS economies. But it is more developed than China or India....
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...China’s Peaceful Rise to Dominance The current state of the globe has seen many changes in the past few decades. The global political structures have shifted and turned to provide a new landscape where substantial evolution has and will continue to occur. The purpose of this essay is to argue and prove that China will rise to power in a peaceful manner throughout the 21st century. This paper will first explain the current situation, which has left China in position to become a global leader as the new century unfolds. The essay will also examine military, economic and social issues that may positively contribute to this change and lead this Asian country to a new significant posture within the geo-political realm of international relations. The Rise of China towards the 21st Century Technology and communication improvements have changed the world for good. With new developments in these areas, the world has become much smaller and navigable in many ways when discussing China and their current rise to global prominence in recent times. The end of the Cold War which saw a bipolar world develop into a unipolar world has created opportunity for other powerful nations to step in and play a key role in global events that are unfolding. China’s massive population and natural resources have continued to organize and be directed towards more powerful means. Chinese leaders have seen this coming for years as the country began opening up to global interests in the 1970’s. As America’s...
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...occur due to foreign language, diverse cultures and number of people involved grows to a global scale. This paper will identify ethical perspectives of two countries, India and China, and how these two articles contribute to understanding global ethics. It will also explain how china’s and India’s business ethics compare to the United States. In journal of business ethics (2009), article “A Chinese perspective: Business Ethics in China Now and in the Future”, describes that China has been at the forefront of growing concern, not only about its products and enterprises, but also about its business ethics. This article analyzes the state of ethics in business in China. China now manufactures or assembles over 50% of the world’s products. However, the world has been reeling from daily accounts of defective “Made in China” products. China has been at the forefront of growing concern, not only about its products and enterprises, but also about its business ethics. This article analyzes recent events connected with the Made in China label from the perspective of evolving Chinese business ethics. The emergence and development of business ethics in China can be divided into two periods relative to China’s entry into the WTO. Unlike the rise of business ethics in the USA, the emergence of business ethics in China was never seen as an oxymoron. Chinese traditional ethics, Marxist ethics, and business ethics from the West, alike emphasize the moral dimension of economic...
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...The looting machine has became a machine where national interest is often destabilized to the interest of transnational networks involving Africans, Chinese, and middlemen. China fits in very delicate ways in the looting machine. China created competition for an interest in African commodities especially but in as well as all sorts of other elements of African relations too. Sam Pa, is a Chinese businessman and middleman in Africa and African resource deals. The grand state to state packed that has been between China and Chinese state owned companies and African governance have hiding for more secretive deals and deals that aren’t part or at least aren’t essentially part in diplomatic relationships between nations states but are more like the networks seen with Françafrique which is the old deal trent network in West Africa. This is where people who have high level political connections end deals with corrupt rulers for the benefit of all involved in the expense of many....
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...‘Building a durable corporation requires long-term goals as well as rules to channel investments and - initiatives toward the achievement of these goals. These rules- which I will call “strategy”- have several dimensions. A strategy defines in broad terms where and how the firm will seek to add value, the opportunities it will pursue, the breadth and attributes of the firm’s product lines, its pricing policies, distribution channels, technologies, R & D efforts, and so on.’ (Amar V., 2000 pg 265). ‘Broadly, strategies encompass the set of approaches that the company will use to achieve its objectives’ (Jobber and Lancaster, 2006 pg 49) A well defined strategy should therefore integrate decisions about; scope of the business, objectives, resource allocation, developing sustainable differential advantage and synergy. The importance of strategy in the achievement of business goals cannot therefore be over emphasized judging from the above features. Split into corporate and competitive strategies, the former determines the scale and scope of the business while the later determines the sustainability of the company in the ever dynamic and competitive business environment. Whether inward out (resource based) or outward in (market based), competitive strategy is cardinal to the continued existence if the firm. Since successful strategies are those which adapt firms to the opportunities and threats in their markets/environments and which develop their internal capabilities...
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...throughout the course of history, all of which could have been prevented. One of these is a 21st century genocide going on in the Sudanese region to this day. This paper will describe the genocide in Darfur, compare it to the Holocaust and discuss not only how it can be ended but how future genocides can be prevented. 6 million citizens reside in Darfur is a region in western Sudan that was created in 1956 (“Darfur Genocide”). There has been distrust between...
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...Vietnam Population Mix: * The population is surpassed only by Indonesia as Southeast Asia's most heavily populated country. However, Vietnam is the region's most ethnically homogenous country with the Vietnamese making up about 90% of the population. * 85% of Vietnam's ethnic-minority population belongs to indigenous groups - the largest of which are Thai and Hmong - who have been settled in the mountainous regions of the country for many centuries. * About 3% of the population is ethnic Chinese living in the urban centers of the South. * With an estimate 2014 population of 90,493,352, it is the 13th largest populated country in the world with a growth rate of 1%. * Population density is 272.4/kmsqr. * Vietnam's median age increased from 18.2 years (1980) to 28.5 years (2010). Its life expectancy increased from 58.9 years in 1980-1985 to74.3 years in 2005-2010. China and Thailand have the highest old-age dependency ratio (11 in 2010) while that of Vietnam is around 9. Current median age is 29.2 years. * Vietnam’s population is rapid aging and is going to be a new challenge.44.8% of the population lies in the 25-54 years age category. * 31% of the total population is urbanized with a rate of change of 3.03%. Ratio Percentage: Total dependency ratio: 41.3% Youth dependency ratio : 31.9% Elderly dependency ratio: 9.4% Potential dependency ratio: 10.6(2014 EST.) Provinces of Vietnam: * Vietnam is divided into 58 provinces and 5 municipalities existing...
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