...Exploring the prospects for U.S-China trade With the significant development of economy, China has already exceeded Japan, becoming the second largest economic entity in the world. From 1949 to the present, China's economy grew annually from 4 to 10 percent. There is no doubt that the export contributes a lot to China’s GDP; meanwhile, United States just replaced the European Union, turning into China’s largest trade partner last year. It is obvious that China and U.S. are closely connected in the modern economy. Since U.S. and China are inextricably linked, I would like to analyze the trade between U.S. and China in this paper, and find out what are influencing the value of trade between the two countries. First of all, there are some economic concepts that need to be explained. China has a favourable balance of trade, which means nowadays China exports more than imports; however, U.S. has run a trade deficit every year for more than thirty years, which means U.S. imports more. The import and export are always connected with the exchange rate. For instance, if you are exporting and your local currency becomes strong then your products become more expensive for your buyers. If you are importing and your local currency becomes weak then the products you are importing become more expensive. As we can see, China is exporting more to the U.S., so I would assume that one of the reason why U.S. would import more from China may be the exchange rate of China’s currency Yuan is slumping;...
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...With the recent subprime financial crisis in the U.S. it is evident that the U.S., China and India are dependant on each other. Although the subprime crisis was related to factors regarding monetary policy in the U.S., China and India have been negatively affected. China and India assumed that they would be immune to the after affects of the subprime financial crisis which took place in the U.S. housing sector. Unfortunately China and India have been greatly impacted by experiencing financial instability and experiencing a deep recession. China’s banks not being overly exposed to these toxic assets were supposed to be able to weather the storm and be a source for global liquidity. When U.S. imports of automobiles, electronics and machinery from China slowed down, their economy was disrupted. Similarly to the liquidity crisis taking place in the U.S., India is experiencing their own liquidity squeeze. The BSE was forced down when foreign portfolio investors withdrew over $11 billion dollars. India, China and America are commonly described as emerging powers. Over the years China and India have become economic, political and military powers in the 21st century. The United States, China and India have a common interest in peace and prosperity. This relationship provides the U.S. with low cost consumer goods and advanced manufactured products to the India and China. Recently, more people have been viewing these relationships as a threat. However, the international division...
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...SBI Corporate Card Program Submitted to: Mr. VikasBanga Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce & Industry Mr. Vikas Banga Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry New Delhi. Subject: SBI Corporate Card Program for FICCI Dear Sir Greetings of the day, at the outset thank you for your valued time over the phone. We are pleased to attach a brief presentation on SBI Corporate Card Program for Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry. Some highlights of the program are as mentioned hereunder: 1. Customized Card Collateral: FICCI Logo to appear on all SBI Corporate Cards & Statements, at no additional costs. 2. Joint & Several Liability: SBI Corporate Cards to FICCI shall be issued on joint & several liability ensuring lesser follow ups internally for administrative convenience. 3. Fidelity Insurance: SBI Corporate Cards to FICCI shall be issued with a complimentary Fidelity Insurance of 2 Lac INR per card and 20 Lac INR in total for FICCI. 4. Payment Assistance: SBI Corporate Card shall designate dedicated Relationship Manager to assist contact person at FICCI to track individual payments, as required by FICCI. 5. Exclusive Rebate Structure for FICCI For office bearers, SBI Corporate Card Program offers the best in class convenience, some of them being: 1. Complimentary Lounge Access. 2. Complimentary Travel Insurance. 3. Healthcare Offers. 4. Priority Pass. 5. EMV Chip...
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...report by consulting firm KPMG, China has become the top destination for sourcing among multinational companies outside their home country with these companies moving more of their research units close to production bases. However, the investment outlook remained murky as China's overall economic performance in recent months fell short of expectation and pointed to a fragile recovery, analysts said. "China's economic recovery has been softer than expected since March, which may discourage foreign investment in the short term," said Li Maoyu, an economist at Changjiang Securities Co. China's gross domestic product expanded 7.7 percent from a year earlier between January and March, weakening from the pace of 7.9 percent in the final quarter of last year. The World Bank recently lowered its projection of China's growth this year to 8.3 percent from the previous 8.4 percent, citing risks in the property sector, financial system and local government liabilities. During the January-April period, investment from the 27-member EU rose 29.7 percent to US$2.5 billion, while capital from US firms jumped 33.2 percent to US$1.4 billion. China attracted a total of US$38.3 billion foreign investment in the first four months, up 1.21 percent annually. Meanwhile, China's outbound direct investment surged 27 percent to US$29.5 billion in the first four months, indicating Chinese investors' strong enthusiasm for globalizing their businesses. This year's China International Fair...
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...industry and the firms within it. It is a business measurement tool for understanding market growth and decline. The Munchy’s general environment is grouped into four segments which is political, economic, social and technology. Political Munchy’s have always recognized the important of manufacturing for Halal product since the government of Malaysia was focusing on turning the nation into an international Halal Hub. That is a reason why Munchy’s have a dedicated committee that deals with all Halal things. The committee is made up of representatives from each key section that contributes to the making of the products. Munchy’s is setting its sights on a greater share of the regional pie while the tariff and trade barriers are trimmed with the formation of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA). In fact of this, Munchy have been opened a new branch offices in ASEAN neighbors. Economic Munchy’s sales in ASEAN have seen is a clear uptrend because of the proactive approach of Munchy’s done in sales and distribution. For instance, the Munchy’s reveals that sales in Singapore have grown by more than 50% since 2003, making the island Munchy’s third largest export market. Besides that, the company has experienced double-digit growth not only within Malaysia but also in Japan, Singapore and other Asian countries. It still, Muchy’s export growth has been broad-based and their exports have been grown by close to 60% within this year. Social According to the Munchy’s products, those...
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...| IMPACT CHINA ASEAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (CAFTA) ON INDONESIA ECONOMYWritten by Yuliana (15 Jan 2015)Overview of ASEAN – CHINA Free Trade Agreements In November 2001, ASEAN and China agreed to launch negotiations for an ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA). In the following year, ASEAN and China signed the Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation between ASEAN and China.The objectives of this Agreement are to: (a) | strengthen and enhance economic, trade and investment co-operation between the Parties; | (b) | progressively liberalise and promote trade in goods and services as well as create a transparent, liberal and facilitative investment regime; | (c) | explore new areas and develop appropriate measures for closer economic co-operation between the Parties; and | (d) | facilitate the more effective economic integration of the newer ASEAN Member States and bridge the development gap among the Parties. | | | | The Agreement on Trade in Goods was signed in 2004 and implemented in 1 July 2005 by the ASEAN countries and 20 July 2005 by China. Under this Agreement, the 6 original ASEAN members and China have to eliminate tariffs on 90% of their products by 2010, while Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar and Vietnam, have until 2015 to do so. | | | | | | The Trade In Services Agreement entered into force in July 2007. Under this agreement, services and services suppliers/providers in the region will enjoy improved market access and national treatment...
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...International Trade ECO201 Macroeconomics Instructor: George Williams Completed by: Carleen Wardlow student at Argosy University July 20, 2013 The table below represent U.S. trade balance with China over years (2007-2011): Years: 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Export: 62,936,891,576 69,732,837,543 69,496,678,611 91,880,613,079 103,939,433,941 Years: 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Import: 321,442,866,934 337,772,627,823 296,373,883,488 364,943,854,151 399,361,922,088 Trade balance with China Years: 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (millions of dollars) -258,505,975,358 -268,039,790,280 -226,877,204,877 -273,063,241,072 -295,422,488,147 China (in the...
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...China and the Yuan-Dollar Exchange Rate Q1) How credible was China’s announcement to let the yuan float? Chinese Yuan/US Dollar Exchange Rate Index, July 2005-Nov 2011 Chinese government has declared its intention to let the yuan float on 19th June of 2010, and this will most likely result in the Yuan to appreciate as the Yuan is under-valued. This reform was of the Renminbi (RMB) exchange rate regime was to enhance its exchange rate flexibility. This announcement may seems dubious because China has long adopted a fixed exchange rate regime since 1994 in which the Chinese government has maintained a policy of intervening in currency markets to limit or halt the appreciation of its currency, the RMB, against the U.S. dollar and other currencies. Known as the world’s manufacturing factory, keeping such a policy will definitely make its exports relatively and comparably cheaper to other countries, especially United States. Similarly, this will also make U.S. exports to China much more expensive, than would occur under free market conditions. As such, if China allows its yuan to float and appreciate, it may lose its competitive position as it may suffer a loss in sales of its exports due to its goods being relatively more expensive to foreign buyers. China’s announcement to let its yuan appreciate was credible because earlier on, the yuan actually appreciated 17.5 percent the U.S. dollar between July 21 2005 to July 21, 2008. In July 21, 2008 China has stopped its Yuan appreciation...
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...CHALLENGES FOR CANADIAN INTERNATIONAL TRADE GROWTH WITH MULTILATERALISM TRADE March 4, 2011 Abstract This essay contains the international trade between Canada to U.S. and Canada to China including the foreign exchange policy in each country and comparative advantages. It mostly focused on U.S and China between Canada’s relationships. The United States and China are the largest economic market in the world. Also these countries are Canada’s most favor relationship in the international market. In 2009, the international financial crisis became a huge issue of the world. Due to this financial crisis U.S got a lot of damage. It made also Canada’s economic downturn, because of strong reliant on U.S. Over view, Canada has to be a stronger country with more powers, in order to maintain a good relationship with many other countries to help each other and have more successful economic growth. GLOBAL ECONOMIV DOWNTURN FROM THE FINANCIAL CRISIS In 2009, there was a global economic downturn from the financial crisis. Because of this, many countries got a lot of money damages. This put the world economic in most hard situation. Most of the people in the world spent such a hard time in this area. The main sources of this happened from some countries which were largest markets in the world such as the United State and other developed countries. From this economic downturn many developed countries reduced imports from other countries. Therefore a lot of export countries...
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...International trade issues in China Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) issues United States business and government representatives have voiced out on growing concern of the economic losses suffered by U.S. firms which are the impact from the invasion of intellectual property rights (IPR) in China for example cyber attacks. U.S. innovation and the intellectual property that is generated by such activities have been cited by various economists as a critical source of U.S. economic growth and global competitiveness. For example, according to the Department of Commerce, in 2010, U.S. Intellectual Property intensive industries supported at least 40 million jobs and contributed $5.1 trillion to U.S. gross domestic product (GDP). A study by NDP Consulting estimated that in 2008, workers in IP-intensive production earned 60% more than workers at similar levels in non-IP industries. A study on the Apple iPod concluded that Apple's innovation in developing and engineering the iPod and its ability to source most of its production to low-cost countries, such as China, have helped enable it to become a highly competitive and profitable firm as well as a creator of high-paying jobs such as engineers engaged in the design of Apple products in the United States. Lack of effective and consistent protection of Intellectual Property Right (IPR) has been cited by U.S. firms as one of the most significant problems they face in doing business in China. Besides that, U.S. firms have expressed concern...
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...the United States resumed its economic relationship with the nation of China; in 1979, a bilateral trade agreement was signed by the two countries. Today, China has become one of the largest trading partners with the United States, trailing only behind Canada and Mexico. The United States benefits with this trade agreement due to the large and growing consumer market for U.S. firms and the Chinese imports cost less due to the low labor cost in China. The nation of China benefits due to the increased integration with world economy through overseas education and trade, creating awareness on issues such as environment and human rights. The numerous benefits of this union between two powerhouses of the world economy bring many negative issues. The first issue that affects many Americans today is the loss of jobs due to outsourcing and importing rather than producing goods here in the United States. From the years 2001 to 2010, the trade deficit with China caused the loss of 2.8 million jobs in the U.S. This affects the Untied States’ economy by increasing the number of Americans receiving unemployment insurance and food stamps. One example of this outsourcing is Nike, Incorporated which produces an estimated forty percent of its shoe output in Chinese factories. However, Nike Inc. justifies this outsourcing because profit margins are dependent on labor cost. Another issue with the union between U.S. and China is the lack of flexibility of China’s exchange rate. Many experts argue...
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...http://economyincrisis.org/content/rising-employment-grows-trade-deficit-due-to-free-trade-policies Trade Deficit Grows Due to Free Trade Policies April 10, 2012 Karl Rusnak 1 Comment Unemployment is rampant in the United States today, and Americans are rightfully asking for policies that will bring the problem under control. Unfortunately under our current free trade policies there is a direct correlation between unemployment and the trade deficit. As unemployment decreases we see a rise in the trade deficit because we have become so dependent on imports for our needs. This means that, until we fix our trade policies, any gains in unemployment will be tempered by a ballooning trade deficit. An economy with a massive trade deficit is unsustainable, and we must change our trade policies if we want to see our nation prosper. The official unemployment figure is currently 8.2 percent. Many economists estimate the rate at which the economy is considered to be at full employment to be about 4 percent, because even under the best conditions there will be individuals seeking jobs. Certainly full employment is desirable, but under our current policies it would do little to create any long-term prosperity for the United States. Our trade deficit was over $500 billion last year, but at full employment it is estimated that we would have a trade deficit of $750 billion or more. As more Americans get jobs, they have more purchasing power. Unfortunately many of the items Americans...
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...relations between China and countries of the West and Africa have enjoyed a long standing relationship though at different levels. Since the emergence of the People’s Republic of China, China-West and China-Africa relations have advanced continuously, as shall be demonstrated herein by the deepening relations in economic, political and cultural realms. These relations have created a new form of strategic partnerships founded on political equality, economic win-win relations, mutual trust and social-cultural exchanges. Over the last 60 years or so, China-West and China-Africa co-operations, have been based on the principles of equality, sincerity, mutual benefit and international relations development. Particularly, in Africa the co-operations have demonstrated reverence to the will of African countries, deepened relations between African and Chinese businesses and indicated a higher level of sincerity in helping African countries in their development agendas. However, this may not be the case with co-operations between China and the West due to different interest between the two entities, apparently, different from those that are experienced in Africa. Notwithstanding these different interests, a common feature on trade and economic relations have reached remarkable results and the overall effect has enabled growth in business exchanges, widened scope in the relations and essentially yielded benefits to the people of China, West and Africa. The China-West and China-Africa co-operations...
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...International Trade and Finance Speech Introduction Today I would like to discuss, with you, the current state of the U.S. macro economy. I will attempt to simply address concepts and terms which focus on international trade and foreign exchange rates. Much of the discussion will focus around the surplus of imports brought into the U.S., and the impact it has on the U.S. businesses and consumers involved. I will also describe the effects of the international trade to GDP, domestic markets, and university students. It is important to understand how the government’s choices, in regards to tariffs and quotas, affect international relations and trade; so I will describe the interactive relationship in regards to tariffs and quotas, and how the government’s choices affect international relations and trade. We will also understand how foreign exchange rates are determined, and identify the reasons the U.S. does not restrict goods from China and minimize imports from other countries. Imports in the U.S. The U.S. imports many goods from various countries around the globe; and the trading of these goods plays an important role in the stability of economic growth for the U.S. The U.S. imports goods or products from other countries such as China; and if the U.S. has a surplus of imports it means there is an increase in the trade deficit, which is not good for the U.S. because trade deficits usually increase unemployment. Examples of products with an import surplus in the U.S. are China’s...
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...U.S. free trade agreements with other countries have a negative impact on U.S. job opportunities. Free trade is a form of business cooperation in which different countries share their resources and trade with each other with free or lower tariffs (Eiras, n.d.). Free trade can be presented in the forms of importing products such as coffee and vegetables directly from other countries and outsourcing process to other countries. Although it is possible for one country to produce all goods efficiently, it will be more productive for this country to trade with other country. Both countries can benefit from trade because each country specializes in what they have a comparative advantage. Free trade offers more advantages to each country since there are no trade barriers between countries. Nowadays, with the trends of globalization, free trade is becoming more and more commonplace. Some people argue that free trade creates job opportunities while increasing the growth of economy. Riley (2012) states that total U.S. employment significantly increased after the U.S. signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and joined the World Trade Organization (WTO). However, opponents focus on the negative impact which is job losses inside the country. Column (2011) points out that it cost 2.8 million jobs for trade between the U.S. and China. Trade deficit between countries and outsourcing during free trade lead to job losses eventually. Therefore, with the integration of global economy...
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