...The University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China Division of International Business China and the World Trade Organization P13608 Module Outline Module Convenor: Dr Chieh Huang AB Room 379 chieh.huang@nottingham.edu.cn Office hours: Monday 10:30-12:30 10 credits TB329 Tuesday 2-4 PM 10 weekly two-hour lecture/seminars The course is taught by way of lecture/seminars which are two hours in length. The form of the lecture/seminars will be flexible, depending on the topic under consideration. Students are expected to participate fully in discussions in lecture/seminars and to have read all the set Essential Reading before class. Credits: Lecture Venue and Times Method of Delivery & Frequency on Class: Method and Criteria of Assessment: 100% Coursework (5000 words) Essay Submission Deadline is 4pm, Wednesday 27 November 2013 Topics: Please choose one area listed below and discuss its recent development in the context of China. You will need to narrow down your focus and set your own essay topic. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Non-market Economies in the WTO Energy Industry and the WTO Environment and the WTO Commentary on one WTO case involving China Self-selected topic upon approval (You are most welcome to decide a topic yourself. Once you decide to do so, however, you need to submit your topic and an one-paragraph abstract before 4pm 31 October. ) Module Aims: To give the students a broad knowledge of the multilateral trading system and China’s interaction with that system through...
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...International Research Journal of Social Sciences_____________________________________ ISSN 2319–3565 Vol. 2(8), 48-54, August (2013) Int. Res. J. Social Sci. India and China: Prospects and Challenges Mehraj Uddin Gojree Department of Political Science, Aligarh Muslim University, U.P., INDIA Available online at: www.isca.in Received 16th July 2013, revised 27th July 2013, accepted 12th August 2013 Abstract This paper seeks to assess the future prospects and challenges of the relationship between the two rising giants of Asia namely China and India. As they both are rising as great powers, their mutual relationship will have a significant impact not only on Asia, but on the whole world. At present, the nature of their relationship is something mixed i.e., growing cooperation in the field of trade and commerce along with distrust and mutual suspicions in the strategic fields whether political or geographical. For these apparent factors, the future relationship between India and China can be characterised by the cooperation in those fields whether mutual, regional or international which may be beneficial for the peaceful rise of both these states and confrontation, competition, and even hostility in some other areas where the respective interests of both the giants clash with each other, for example, the border issue, relationship with other countries particularly US and Pakistan, their encirclement policies, competition for energy resources, nuclear arms race...
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...Trade-related Challenge: Facebook in China Loretta F. Clark University of Maryland University College Executive Summary As the world is evolving and is also becoming flat, we see how national companies are looking to expand to different regions of the world. Global expansion has a number of complexities and processes. With this expansion there are times when companies hit roadblocks. To overcome the roadblocks, companies should develop entrant strategies including acquiring assistance from their government to negotiate with foreign nations. Facebook is currently witnessing a roadblock in China. China will not allow the Internet social networking site to enter the Chinese market. This trade barrier presents Facebook with challenges; however, the company has options it may pursue to overcome the obstacles. Options include: * Pursuing a partnership with an established Chinese company * Customizing Facebook to isolate the Chinese market * Entering neighboring countries outside of China * Enlisting the assistance of government agencies * Enlisting the help of Non-Government Organizations (NGO’s) Implementing these options gives Facebook differing entrant strategies into the Chinese market. The company may reluctantly have to make some compromises and may have to weigh the cost versus the benefit for entering China. Even though cost is typically financial, Facebook will have to consider what other concessions it will have to make such as filtering content...
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...Please write a short report on the advantages and disadvantages of international trade for the countries whose data you downloaded recently. You are required to illustrate your report with data and charts. I) Introduction: “The international trade is the exchange of goods, services and capital between countries” (Haekal, 2012). Trade exists for centuries but had known an international dimension with the globalisation. In this report, we will see some advantages and disadvantages of the international trade, through the examples of two countries: France and Italy. II) The advantages of trade: It exists many advantages to the international trade. We will see three of them, which are, meet the need of the country, create jobs and attract foreign investments in the country. 1) Meeting the need of the country: By open its economy to the world, a country...
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...world community come into focus in China. Many believe China’s introduction to the world stage commenced in 1972, when it replaced Taiwan as representative in the United Nations. Furthermore when Deng came into Power in 1980 and ended the Cultural Revolution, China was freed from its economic reforms. China’s leaders became convinced that large amounts of capital could be acquired from abroad to speed up the country’s modernization, a change in attitude that elicited an almost frenetic response from foreign bankers and entrepreneurs. Since then China has become a member of the United Nations Security Council, admission to the World Trade organization in 2001; selected to host the 2008 Summer Olympic Games and in 2010 staged a successful Expo Shanghai, which was China’s world exposition that showcased the most technologically advanced metropolises. These were all considered significant steps in Chinas further integration into the global community. Since then Hong Kong and Taiwan have become China’s biggest partners in investment and trade. However Japan, the Unites States, Western Europe, Singapore and Australia have also joined the bandwagon with sizable partnerships with China. The main inhibitor in China’s efforts to participate in the world community is its dispute with Taiwan. Countries establishing diplomatic relations with China are forced to end relations with Taiwan. Since America pledged its support to Taiwan against attack from China in 1950 contentions have run high...
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...REPORT OVER CHINA Name: Course: Institution: Introduction In 2014, China experienced one of the biggest anti-corruption campaigns in its 65-year history, regarding the battle's scale, term, and the breadth and the levels of the captured authorities' positions. This battle is seen to have a country wide negative effect on China's general consumption. The effects are so particularly felt on the luxury purchases and the government related purchases. Indeed, in the current political environment and with a continuous decrease of the land division, the nation is still ready to keep up the development of its GDP with a shocking number of 7.5% in 2014. On the other hand, numerous reports from the macroeconomic business and worldwide financial organizations, (for example, the World Bank) have since anticipated a slower economic development for the current year, 2015. This paper provides a report on China's macroeconomic condition, particularly the position in the international trade and the contemporary policies in 2015. Macroeconomic Development China predominantly imports raw materials and in turn it predominantly exports industrial products, both developed and developing countries. It reported a trade surplus of US$ 49.6b and US$ 25.6b in December 2013 and 2013 respectively. Throughout last year, exports rose by 9.7% to US$ 227.5b in December. Interestingly, shipments tumbled to Japan at -7.2%. Figure1. In the appendix represent the trend of China’s Balance of Trade between...
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...Introduction The US and China have always been involved with one another; they have a very complicated history, the two function very differently in areas of politics, economics, and social issues. These disparities have hindered the way both countries conduct business with each other, particularly in the area of international trade. Like any international trading relationship government policies affect the way business is conducted. For example, piracy is very common in China; piracy is the unauthorized use or reproduction of copyrighted or patented material. In some cases a government can affect international trade flows by its lacks of restrictions on piracy. In the case with the relationship between the US and China some may argue that piracy is a major contributor to the uneven nature of financial flows and trade between the United States and China. The US has a large trade deficit with China, but there is little legislation between the US and China forcing China’s government to officially address the issue of piracy in their country. The Trade Relationship between China and the United States The trading relationship between China and the US dates as far back as 1784 when the empress of China decided to open trade between the US and China. At that time the US had very few possessions to offer; however several hundred years later after several wars, changes in leadership, economic needs, and industrial revolutions a more in-depth trading relationship evolved. While the...
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...International Business Introduction Although the World Trade Organization (WTO) was formed in 1995, its predecessor, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was formed in the 1947. The occurrence of the World War II proved the failure of the World War I’s Versailles Treaty. This made the finance ministers at the Bretton Woods Conference to create a new international monetary system that would be a backing in implementing the post-war reconstructions, stabilizing the economic condition and bring peace. Two prominent international economic institutions were established by the Bretton Woods Conference during the post-war period: International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank). The International Trade Organization (ITO) was the third economic institution formed to overcome the unfavourable environmental factors generated because of the beggar-thy-neighbor tariff policies of the 1930s. This paper has discussed about the formation of GATT and its objectives associated with international business. Chinese WTO has been considered to present trading policies, settlement and business development. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade The formation of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade was fulfilling the objectives of its establishment to a great extent. Tariffs on manufactured products showed a fall of about 6.4 per cent, from a trade-weighted average of about 35 per cent before the framing of GATT in 1947...
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...CHALLENGES FOR CANADIAN INTERNATIONAL TRADE GROWTH WITH MULTILATERALISM TRADE March 4, 2011 Abstract This essay contains the international trade between Canada to U.S. and Canada to China including the foreign exchange policy in each country and comparative advantages. It mostly focused on U.S and China between Canada’s relationships. The United States and China are the largest economic market in the world. Also these countries are Canada’s most favor relationship in the international market. In 2009, the international financial crisis became a huge issue of the world. Due to this financial crisis U.S got a lot of damage. It made also Canada’s economic downturn, because of strong reliant on U.S. Over view, Canada has to be a stronger country with more powers, in order to maintain a good relationship with many other countries to help each other and have more successful economic growth. GLOBAL ECONOMIV DOWNTURN FROM THE FINANCIAL CRISIS In 2009, there was a global economic downturn from the financial crisis. Because of this, many countries got a lot of money damages. This put the world economic in most hard situation. Most of the people in the world spent such a hard time in this area. The main sources of this happened from some countries which were largest markets in the world such as the United State and other developed countries. From this economic downturn many developed countries reduced imports from other countries. Therefore a lot of export countries...
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...Ecological impact of international business on China In the last decade, China has undergone veritable economic expansion, but with great cost to its environment. Unregulated production and pollution have resulted in the existence of over 400 cancer villages in China, concentrated around areas of high economic development (Florcruz, 2013). According to the Chinese media, cancer villages are defined as villages where the number of cancer patients is extraordinarily high due to levels of water pollution from industrial activities. Outside of China, the scientific community identifies "cancer clusters" as regions where cancer is more common as a result of the density of cancer-causing pollutants. The proliferation of cancer clusters in China is higher than anywhere else in the world. Cancer is the number one cause of death in urban China, with lung cancer being the most deadly (Liu, 2010).This essay will analyse the rise of China's economy, the environmental effects it has had on present day China, and how it will continue to effect China in the future. It will also discuss several environmental, economic, and legal policies the government of China are currently looking at and changes they need to consider in the future. "China's economic transformation is one of the most dramatic economic developments of recent decades" (Greene, Dihel, Kowalski & Lippoldt, 2006, p. 5). In 2001, the Chinese economy overtook Japan to become the second largest economy in the world behind...
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...An Evaluation of Cultural issues on International Business performance International business is dependent on co-operation and understanding. It is difficult to achieve this when there are so many inevitable cultural differences between countries and traders. While globalisation has meant the breaking down of many barriers, there are still issues that are unresolved or in need of some further development. Cultural issues such as communication, especially linguistically, religion and a cultures taste or preferences are still important today. When we look to the future these issues becomes perhaps even more important as international relationships continue to grow. The development of markets and the emergence of strong economies such as India and China are challenging the European market and deserve our attention. Therefore, we must examine these aspects over the range of geographical areas and evaluate their status and potential to develop further. The first major aspect of cultural issues can be seen in the obvious language barrier. If we look at China we can see that there are important aspects such as not just having phonetic translations of a product which will be confusing and irrelevant to a Chinese consumer. If it cannot be related to then it decreases the likelihood of being bought. Distributors have even been known to refuse to sell a product without a suitable Chinese name. However, it is not always just the translation that affects business. Meetings with a mix...
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...Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER State Secretariat for Economic Affairs SECO Foreign Economic Affairs Directorate Factsheet Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between Switzerland and China Summary A comprehensive bilateral FTA between Switzerland and the People's Republic of China was signed by Federal Councillor Johann Schneider-Ammann and Minister of Commerce GAO Hucheng on 6 July 2013. Following initial exploratory contacts in November 2007, joint workshops in 2009 and a joint feasibility study in 2010, the negotiations were officially opened in January 2011. The agreement was then negotiated in nine rounds of negotiations and various intersessional meetings from April 2011 to May 2013. The FTA will improve mutual market access for goods and services, enhance legal security for the protection of intellectual property and bilateral economic exchange in general, contribute to sustainable development and deepen bilateral cooperation. For the vast majority of bilateral trade, the FTA will dismantle tariffs fully or partially, sometimes subject to transition periods. In the area of technical barriers to trade and sanitary and phytosanitary measures, sector-specific cooperation agreements are aimed at reducing non-tariff barriers to trade. For trade in services, more precisely defined rules compared to the GATS of the WTO will apply, e.g. for approval processes, as well as improved market access commitments for various services. Regarding intellectual...
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...International Trade and Finance Speech By Manny Ramirez September 23, 2013 Good afternoon, Economics is known as the study of the production and consumption of goods and the transfer of wealth to produce and obtain those goods. Today presentation we will be talking about the economy, and the importance of economics and how it can affect the United States. We will also be discussing about the Gross Domestic Product, surplus, and international trade as it relates to macroeconomics and the United States economy. Surplus of Imports When the issue of having a surplus of imports brought into the United States, it causes the price of that product to drop. This is due to having too much inventory to go around causing the price to drop. When this happens and to much inventory is imported, the sellers will have to sell the import then less of the cost to make. This is where the lost in profit comes from. Now when a country exports more then imports, this creates a balance of trade or trade surplus. A country may have a trade deficit when it exceeds in exports. A great example to refer to is the trade surplus with China. According to Bergsten, F. (2006) “China became the largest single source of the United States global deficit in 2003. U.S. imports from China are now almost six times as large as U.S. exports to China.” Effects of International Trade to GDP, Domestic Markets and University Students In the recent years, foreign trade has become extremely important...
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...Global trade is the international exchange of products and services between different countries or territories. It involves the activities of the government and individuals and is usually formed by exports and imports. For many countries, global trade is a significant share of the gross domestic product (GDP). The importance in economic social and political life has been increasing rapidly in recent years. This increase can be mainly attributed to globalization and multinational corporations. It also follows the trend of development of the global economy. By looking at data provided by the World Trade Organization, it is possible to calculate the percentage of total merchandise increase in world export and import. Table 4.1 shows the results...
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