...Draft By Daniel Nunez Nov 23, 2014 WEB MINING A. INTRODUCTION The abundant data present in the World Wide Web (web for short) through the internet is vast on useful information. User-specific information of how they interact with the Web and system-specific data of how the Web is structured as more and more bytes of information get uploaded and shared through the Web are examples of how there is vital information to be studied and reflected upon with the means of finding deep, valuable, new knowledge that could potentially make numerous computer enterprises increasingly effective. The “figuring out” of what is relevant, yet unknown in large sets of data through observation and analysis is the task of data mining. Data mining relies on sophisticated approaches and methods, such as artificial intelligence, statistical deduction and induction, information retrieval and natural language processing (NLP) [2], of going through large amount of organized or unorganized data to find “capitalizeable” patterns and potentially useful information. With this preliminary description of data mining partial intricacies, I proceed to define Web mining as the application of data mining practices to search and find, filter, extract and assess [4] Web data to better understand its contents, structure, usage[1][2][3][4] and processes[4]. Web mining practices have been classified between three qualitative categories: Web content, Web structure, and Web usage [1][2][3][4]. With each category...
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...has made web become the main tool for information searching, releasing, interaction and collecting. With the rapid increase increase in the amount of information which is available on the net, there is an immense need of how to automatically find extract and obtain data for our requirement. Web data mining is a process in which knowledge and information is extracted from the web content resources will be basically it is a data mining process or technigue to crawl through different web pages to get the required information. One of the biggest problem on the web is the data on the web is semi-structure, irregular and it always keeps on changing and there is no unified fixed pattern for the data on the web. If the data on the web is considered on the database point of view the, each site has its own highly complex data source and also the information is not organized in the same way which makes the web a very big heterogenous environment. Since all most all the information on the current Web is still described in HTML format which can only be displayed in the browser rather than the one which is described with the web data meaning and data structure information, which makes it a bit difficult to mine the data from web efficiently and accurately....
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... Papadopoulos & Line Groenvold October 2014 1 Table of Contents What is Workforce Planning? ......................................................................................................... 3 History of workforce planning ..................................................................................................... 3 The importance of workforce planning ........................................................................................ 4 Implementation of workforce planning ........................................................................................ 5 Application to the Western Australian Mining Industry .............................................................. 8 Workforce Planning Needed to Account for a Dynamic Environment ..................................... 10 Dealing with the challenges involved in workforce planning .................................................... 12 References ..................................................................................................................................... 13 Appendix A ................................................................................................................................... 17 Appendix B .................................................................................
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1Background to the study Mining is the extraction of minerals and precious metals from the earth. These minerals and metals consist of manganese, tantalum, copper, tin, silver, diamonds and gold. Mining may be considered in two forms: large scale mining and small scale mining. Large scale mining generally employs large number of people and produces huge tonnes of gold. Examples of companies who engage in these are the Anglo-Gold Ashanti of Ghana, Newmont Ghana, Goldfields Ghana and Minas Serra Palade Mines in Brazil which employed about over thousands workers and yielded thousands tonnes of gold (Amankwah and Anim-Sackey, 2003). Small scale mining is a form of mining that is done at small levels and mostly employs relatively a low number of people (Appiah, 1998). It is generally engaged in by local people within the area where these activities occur, and comes along with it the influx of people from other areas. Small Scale Mining companies use a considerable number of the labour force in the country. While there is no accurate SSM employment number for Ghana (Appiah, 1998), it is estimated that some 500,000 people are openly employed in the sector while additional 500,000 may indirectly be benefiting from the doings. About half of those directly engaged in the S.S.M are said to be illegal operators (Amankwah & Anim-Sackey, 2003) commonly known as “galamsey operators”. The actions of small-scale miners also generate economic linkages with other...
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...The word pyrite is derived from a Greek word pyrites lithos meaning “the stone which strikes fire,” also portrays the ability of the mineral to spark fire if stroked against iron. (Pyrite). It also has a common name which depicts the ability of this mineral to fool inexperienced people by looking like gold on the river bed hence the nickname of this mineral is ”fools gold.” .”(Mineral Information.) The chemical formula for pyrite is FeS2 (Iron Sulfide.) (Plummer.) It contains 46.6% Fe (iron) and 53.4% S (sulfur.) (Pyrite Mineral Data). It is often crystalized in cubic crystalline structure but also can be found in pyritohedrons (dodecahedron with pentagonal faces) or octahedrons structures as well as in a combination of both. (Minerals-n-more) The Color of pyrite is brassy yellow; the crystals of this mineral are opaque thus let through no light; the streak of this stone is greenish black and cleavage is indistinct, the luster is metallic and hardness is between the range of 6 and 6.5 on the Moh’s scale.( Pyrite Mineral | Uses and Properties) The pyrite mineral can be formed in almost every kind of environment; it could be found in all three types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. The website minerals and more claims that the samples of this mineral have been found all over the world. . Perfect crystals come from Elba, Italy. Many samples today are coming from Peru. Localities such as Germany, Russia, Spain, and South Africa along with many others...
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...mining accident, also known then as the "Chilean mining accident", began in the afternoon of Thursday, 5 August 2010 as a significant cave-in at the troubled 121-year-old San José copper–gold mine. The mine is located deep in the Atacama Desert, one of the driest and harshest regions on earth, about 45 kilometers (28 mi) north of the regional capital of Copiapó, in northern Chile, South America.[1] The buried men, who became known as "Los 33" ("The 33"), were trapped 700 meters (2,300 ft) underground and about 5 kilometers (3 mi) from the mine's entrance via spiraling underground service ramps. The mixed crew of experienced miners and technical support personnel, with less experience working underground, survived for a record 69 days deep underground before their rescue.[2][3] Previous geological instability at the old mine and a long record of safety violations for the mine's owners had resulted in a series of fines and accidents, including eight deaths, during the dozen years leading up to this accident. [4][5][6] As a result of the mine's notorious history, it was originally thought that the workers had probably not survived the collapse or would starve to death before they were found, if ever. The country of Chile had just endured the 2010 Chile earthquake and its associated tsunami less than six months before the accident. The Chilean people's strong empathy for the workers and their grief-stricken families and the nation's tremendous outpouring of public concern led the...
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...Good Ole’ Azurite Oliver Trevisick Physical Geology Lab 1110L Section 4 Out of the twenty-four minerals that we have studied over the past weeks, I had one mineral on my mind that I wanted to take a deeper look into, and that is azurite. Just from being around friends with numerous different crystals, minerals, and gemstones I was always attracted azurite and was interested where it comes from. The blue color of it always caught my eye and just seemed so mysterious looking compared to the other minerals. Azurite is formed in a couple different ways and is mined in different places all around the globe, with it being relatively abundant it has made its self useful in certain social and economic situations. The formation of azurite starts out with the oxidation of copper, thus forming the carbonate azurite. When this process happens under different conditions, such as pressure, heat, and occurrence of water, it can change its formation and alter the properties of the mineral. as azurite is underground it will slowly absorb water around it and with time will create small deposits of malachite. Azurite is usually found as a blue cluster with small green pieces of malachite in it, which can differ depending on how long the azurite was exposed to water. Even though azurite is a beautiful mineral it is still a soft mineral at that. With azurite being a soft copper carbonate mineral it registers on the Moh’s hardness scale as a 3.5-4.0, allowing it to be weathered easily...
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...the northern city of Copiapó, Chile caved in, trapping 33 miners in a chamber about 2,300 feet below the surface. For 17 days, there was no word on their fate. As the days passed, Chileans grew increasingly skeptical that any of the miners had survived. But when a small bore hole reached the miners’ refuge, they sent up a message telling rescuers they were still alive. From the beginning of this tragic event communication needs to be designed from the bottom up (figuratively). It is important to inform and communicate with the team of rescue workers, medical personnel, technicians and mining experts, journalist, family members and the trapped miners. Taking into consideration there are different roles and different people in the audience, the potential needs of each receiving the information is considerably different. With the team of rescue workers, medical personnel, technicians, and mining experts there is going to be a more direct method of receiving a message. Knowing their job and position direct communication is what they rely on to get the trapped miners out. The trapped miners are also going to need a direct method of receiving information but in a more sensitive way. Letting them know that help is on the way, trying to stay calm, involving them and keeping them motivated to not lose hope. Journalists get information in an organizing informative way. Facts of what had happened, who is involved, and what is planned. Family and the companies’ employees are going to...
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...a mineral that is mined to supply each of those materials. Can you think of any considerations, other than economic, that might prohibit or limit the mining of certain minerals? The five materials I use on a daily basis are Gold, Silver, Copper, Graphite and Halite. The gold used on a daily basis is my wedding ring, watch as well as the gold plated audio video cables on my TV. Silver is used in the coins I use in the vending machine at work. Copper is used in the heating and air conditioning in my home as well as work. Copper is also the conductor used in the computers I work on a daily basis at work. The Graphite is used to make carbon fiber parts on my motorcycle as well as my carbon fiber brakes. Carbon fiber made from Graphite is very light weight and the brakes dissipate heat very quickly. Halite can be used as salt that seasons the many foods I eat. One consideration could cause a health risk and limit the mining of certain minerals like quartz. This mineral has been known to cause respiratory problems with miners. Kumar, Narian, Sharma, Tiwari (2010), “Quartz stone grinders are one such group of workers who are exposed to silica and thereby at risk of developing silicosis” (p.87). The longer a miner is exposed to the quartz in the mines the greater the risk to develop health problems. It is also possible mining some materials in other less developed countries funding could result in buying proper equipment as well as safety gear. The lack of proper training...
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...An Analysis of the Government's Role in the Mining Industry in the Philippines Steven B. Baria Kim Edbonn C. Castillo Maridy D. Nuyda Economics 151 Prof. Teresa J Ho March 13, 2013 The stance of the government in recapturing the essence of the mining industry in the country has been reiterated time and again. The industry has been tapped as one of the most viable provider of revenues and employment through local and foreign investments. Past administrations had stressed the importance of favorable investment conditions that is supposed to promote the economic growth and progress, particularly in the mining industry. However, various issues has haunted the implementation of a holistic mining industry in the nation. This paper aims to provide a view of the efficiency and equity issues that plagues the whole of the mining sector and what the government can do in order to cater to these considerations. The Philippine case would be the vantage point of the study. The paper starts by defining some terms that is helpful in understanding the entire paper. A discussion of the externalities emanating from the mining industry and equity and efficiency arguments follows suit. Lastly an analysis of the government’s role in the Philippines and some recommendations are given. Mining: Some Definitions Mining is the useful extraction of minerals and other geological materials from the surface of the earth. This involves complicated and expensive processes and is accompanied by externalities...
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...! ! ! Group Project: Ethics of the Mining Industry Group 4 Business Ethics 04-71-300-02 Professor Singh Date submitted: March 19th, 2014 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !1 Executive Summary This report assesses the global mining industry from a business perspective. Firstly, it begins with the history of mining across the globe and the structure of the mining industry. It then analyzes the impacts of the mining industry globally. Lastly, it addresses the issues surrounding our land—the Canadian mining industry. The research shows that the history of mining goes as far as the Neolithic era. The mining value chain presented demonstrates the formation of a mining company to the extraction of the natural resources. Further investigation shows that the mining structure is an oligopoly. Methods of analysis include an environmental analysis using PEST and a stakeholder map, which focus on the performance of a world-renowned mining company TransAlta. The finding is that management’s role is to have efficiency and productivity while maintaining ethical practices. Ethical theories are then used to look at the social, environmental and economical impacts of the Canadian industry. It is concluded that each ethical theory presents a favorable solution to each impact. Social corporate responsibility is evaluated in the last ten years in Canada and around the globe. It is found that the industry has become one of the most safety-conscious industries within Canada. The companies still...
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...‘North-End-CSR’ card, should reveal certain of the company’s characteristics, and allow us to evaluate and reconsider the purpose of CSR Discussion Outline of XSTRATA The publicly-traded company selected by our team is XSTRATA, a corporation which is listed on both the London Stock Exchange and the Switzerland Stock Exchange. The headquarters of the company is in Switzerland. To analyze the XSTRATA’s CSR conformity, key general factors of the company which will be considered. They are: (a) industry classification, (b) services and products, (c) overseas operations, and (d) number of employees. The strategy and extent of CSR activities may be expected to vary depending upon these factors. a) Industry Classification XSTRATA is in the mining industry....
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...Gold Mining: Why it should be banned in the Philippines? Gold mining in the Philippines can be traced hundreds of years back before the colonizers came to the country. As early as 1521, our ancestors were already panning gold and have decorated themselves with gold accessories. As years passed, the growth of the mining industry has increased. In 1995, Philippine Mining Act was passed which the government allowed foreign companies to fully operate in the country; it created backlash from Filipinos stating that they should be the only ones to mine their own resources but the government still allowed it for large investments coming from foreign companies which will boost the economy. 1 The country’s mining industry was also ignited by the legend of Yamashita’s treasure. The legend has attracted tourists and curious treasure seekers to look out for the supposed ‘treasure’ of gold that the Japanese Army had hidden in the different parts of the country. 2 It seems that gold mining is a lucrative business. But is mining helpful to the country? Mining have garnered vast impacts in every aspect of the country. It boosts the economy by letting the mining companies give the government its share of their profits. But only a margin of profits is being given to the government. According to Governor Joey Salceda of Albay, “which hosts the Rapu-Rapu Polymetallic Project, only received P3.4 million from the mining company’s revenues. The company’s export value reached P7.7 billion...
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...allows easy strip mining operations. Nauruans enjoyed strip mining for a century as it made them among the richest people in the world. Billions of dollars worth of phosphates had been exported. The damage to their environment due to mining was so severe. The rehabilitation of the devastated land and the replacement of income from phosphate are serious long-term problems. Since 2000, Nauru’s economy has relied largely on payments for fishing rights within its exclusive economic zone and the detention center camps for asylum seekers to Australia, which held Afghan, Burmese, and Sri Lankan refugees. The government-owned mining company, the Republic of Nauru Phosphate Company, or RONPhos, initiated the mining of subsurface secondary reserves of phosphate in late 2009, along with a new rehabilitation program for mined-out land. The rehabilitation program includes the development of a new national cemetery, a nursery for developing native flora for the reforestation of the island, a catchment area for a freshwater reservoir and a conservation area. The Nauru’s example is a warning for the Philippines. The Philippines is the fifth most mineral-rich country in the world for gold, nickel, copper, and chromite. It is home to the largest copper-gold deposit in the world. The Mines and Geosciences Bureau has estimated that the country has an estimated $840 billion worth of untapped mineral wealth. And all the regions (except NCR and ARMM) in the country allow mining operations. Even...
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...important medical isotopes. It is for this reason that Uranium mining is an ever-important and pressing point of discussion. Mining itself has been criticized for the massive effect it on the environment around it. Uranium mining is no different, and more often then not, the after effects of Uranium mining are more detrimental to the environment. Unlike other mining, Uranium mining has also caused a major stir in the actual use of the Uranium after it has been mined. The environmental problems of Uranium mining go further then the actual mining and by products. The uses of Uranium have been seen as risky and dangerous. Using Uranium as a source of energy has already shown the disastrous effects. The melt down at Chernobyl is still causing health problems in citizens after 30 years. On the upside, Uranium mining creates employment and boosts the Australian Economy. It is for these reasons that Uranium Mining is a process that needs to be looked at carefully before any judgements are made on it's future in Australia. Chemistry Of Uranium and Uranium Mining In the Earth's crust, mineral Uranium averages about two parts per million. Traces of Uranium occur just about everywhere on earth. In Australia, the existence of uranium has been noted since the 1890's. In 1930, ores were mined at Radium Hill in South Australia for minute deposits of Radium. The Radium was used for medical purposes. As a result of the Radium mining, a couple of hundred kilograms of uranium was obtained and used...
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