...become more open to trade with other countries. Its international trade volume had risen from US$20.6 in 1978 to US$1,422 billion in 2005 (Wang & Liu, 2007). Since China’s exports mainly focus on the labor intensive and resource intensive industries, this exports pattern causes a serious environmental problem in China. Green barriers become a kind of emerging non-tariff barrier which is used for the developed countries to protect their production and economic development in recent years. The main forms of green barriers include green tariff and market access, green packaging and labeling requirements, green technology standards, Green health inspection system, environmental costs and green subsidy system (China west products, 2011). China’s agricultural, mechanical and electrical products are all facing green barriers, such as pollution, noise, safety standards and recycling requirements (Wang & Liu, 2007). How to cope with green barriers becomes the biggest challenge that China faces to continuously expand its exports. The purpose of this paper is to address and analyze the green barrier issue in China and to provide my ideas and suggestions on China’s exports related to green barrier. My following analysis is mainly based on the positive effects of green barriers and the specific example of China’s tea exports as well as three policies to cope with green barriers. I feel confident that you will strongly support my recommendations for Ministry of Environmental Protection of...
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...The Impact of Trade Protectionism on China’s Export Enterprise 1. Introduction The past several decades are commonly viewed as a period of widespread liberalization within the international trade. Besides, since reform and opening up in China from 1978 to now, over 30 years, China's economy has remained about 10% of high-speed development which called the creation of the "China miracle" (JU, 2008). During this era, China also became a big orient export country, which occupies a large place in the international market. Thus, American people considered that China export pose an economic threat to the United States even to the world. Other countries tried to use trade protectionism to limit the export from China and boost their own economy recovery. Trade protectionism means that government set up some specific barriers to trade in order to protect its own economy. However, it has a negative impact on China’s export enterprise, especially for small and medium-sized companies, so the countermeasures should be taken to resolve this issue. The purpose of this article is to explore several problems that trade protection bring to China’s export enterprises at first and then focus on some effective solutions to help these companies. 2. Situation Because of the trade protectionism, China’s private exporters from different kinds of industry are suffering obvious reduction of profit, and they are mainly reflected in labor-intensive, low-cost exporters, tight liquidity and a low...
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...时又必须逾越的一道障碍。那么目前中国企业面临着怎样一个现状呢？而我们又应如何应对这种状况，采取怎样的措施来加强防范？已被指控具有反倾销行为的企业又应采取怎样的应对措施呢？本文首先阐述了目前中国遭遇国外反倾销调查的现状、特点，接着分析了国外对我国进行反倾销调查的影响和原因，最后着重论述我国应对国外对华反倾销的策略建议——构建政府、行业协会和企业“三位一体”的反倾销应对体系。希望可以加强我国出口企业的国际竞争力，加快我国对外贸易的发展和我国经济的发展步伐。 关键词：我国出口企业，反倾销，现状，原因，应对策略 A trial research on coping strategies for China's export enterprises with anti-dumping under the new situation Abstract In recent years, anti-dumping issue has been a hot topic in China's foreign trade. Chinese products have become the world's NO.1 target in anti-dumping investigations for 14 consecutive years. Moreover, more than 1 / 3 of the anti-dumping investigations is against Chinese products in the last 3 years. With the rapid growth of exports, China is facing the growing threat of anti-dumping. Particularly after the outbreak of the international financial crisis in 2008, Europe and the United States implemented trade protectionism under the guise of anti-dumping investigation so vigorously that anti-dumping investigation on China has reached an unprecedented heat and created great obstacles and pressures to exports of the Chinese enterprises’ product. Now anti-dumping has become an obstacle of Chinese enterprises that is insuperable but has to overstep. Then what situation are the Chinese enterprises facing...
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...become more open to trade with other countries. Its international trade volume had risen from US$20.6 in 1978 to US$1,422 billion in 2005 (Wang & Liu, 2007). Since China’s exports mainly focus on the labor intensive and resource intensive industries, this exports pattern causes a serious environmental problem in China. Green barriers become a kind of emerging non-tariff barrier which is used for the developed countries to protect their production and economic development in recent years. The main forms of green barriers include green tariff and market access, green packaging and labeling requirements, green technology standards, Green health inspection system, environmental costs and green subsidy system (China west products, 2011). China’s agricultural, mechanical and electrical products are all facing green barriers, such as pollution, noise, safety standards and recycling requirements (Wang & Liu, 2007). How to cope with green barriers becomes the biggest challenge that China faces to continuously expand its exports. The purpose of this paper is to address and analyze the green barrier issue in China and to provide my ideas and suggestions on China’s exports related to green barrier. My following analysis is mainly based on the positive effects of green barriers and the specific example of China’s tea exports as well as three policies to cope with green barriers. I feel confident that you will strongly support my recommendations for Ministry of Environmental Protection...
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...强，位于沿海的昆山出口贸易不断发展，该课题还需要不断的探索和研究。 21世纪是世界经济全球化已成为一个无可改变的大趋势，出口贸易对于一个国家来说至关重要，昆山则更为之依赖，没有一个好的出口贸易环境，就难以实现经济的持续健康增长。要使对外贸易更好的发展，就必须好好利用昆山自身的优势，积极调整战略目标，时刻应对各种环境贸易上的壁垒。昆山作为全国百强县级市之首，主要目标就是继续提高对外贸易的额度，以期有更好的发展。 关键词：环境，贸易壁垒，出口 Influence on Kunshan export trade and the Countermeasures of Environmental barriers to trade Abstract This article is based on the environmental impact of trade barriers on exports of Kunshan , Kunshan itself from the status quo and environmental barriers , the impact of trade barriers on environmental analytical Kunshan export trade , and to identify deficiencies in the export trade in Kunshan, the existence and future improvements place , starting from the multi- negative study . Scroll through the large number of documents , the use of all means, way deep to express their views . With the rise of China 's economic strength , located in the coastal Kunshan export trade continues to develop, the subject also requires constant exploration and research. Globalization of the world economy in the 21st century is no change has become a major trend of the export trade is vital for a country , Kunshan whom are more dependent on exports without a good environment , it is difficult to achieve sustainable and healthy economy growth. For better development of foreign trade , we must make good use of their advantages in Kunshan actively adjust strategic objectives, the time to deal with a variety...
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...Case Study – Week 2 seminar China's Export Boom By Oded Shenkar China has replaced the U.S. as the world's top tech exporter. While no cause for panic, it's a wake-up call for the complacent. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD), China has overtaken the U.S. to become the world's largest exporter of informationand communications-technology goods. Crossing the largely symbolic threshold should put to rest outdated notions of China as a manufacturer and exporter of cheap T-shirts, though the country won't give up its thriving garment exports as it steps up production of laptop computers and memory chips. Indeed, China's ability to hold on to the labour-intensive segments of the global marketplace as it climbs the technology ladder is one of the unique features of the country's ascent -- and a remarkable source of resilience for its economy. It's also a factor in the country's $100 billion-plus trade surplus with the rest of the world and double that figure with the U.S. KNOWLEDGE PLAYER. It's easy to dismiss the importance of China's taking the lead in technology exports. Its tech goods contain substantial imported content, not to mention foreign technology, be it transferred, licensed, or "borrowed." Roughly 60% of exports are made by foreign-invested enterprises, and the percentage progressively rises with the technology level. So is China merely an export platform, a convenient low-cost base for the world's multinationals, which in turn...
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...Barriers and China’s Agricultural Product Export: Is There Any Relationship? Mudiarasan Kuppusamy1 & Behrooz Gharleghi1,2 1 Faculty of Business and Management, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2 Centre for the Study of the Economics of Ageing (CSEA), Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Correspondence: Behrooz Gharleghi, Faculty of Business and Management, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, TPM, 57000, Bukit Jail, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tel: 60-19-615-3515. E-mail: behrooz@apu.edu.my Received: April 4, 2014 Accepted: May 30, 2014 doi:10.5539/ass.v10n16p34 Online Published: July 24, 2014 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n16p34 Abstract As an agricultural country, the export of China's agricultural products are often suffered the restrictions from the green barriers. The positive green barriers can regulate the agricultural production in China, and promote the agricultural development and international trade; on the other hand, the negative green barriers would increase the cost of trade, trade friction, and prevent the development of international trade. So the research of influence of green barriers on China’s agricultural products is very realistic. According to the influence of green barriers on China’s agricultural exports, the corresponding countermeasures can be made to deal with the green barriers and improvement of China’s competitiveness...
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...regards to how they have been able to achieve their top ranking. In addition to discontenting many of its trade allies, China’s aggressive efforts to further their exporting power are causing economic troubles within its own borders. It is crucial for the American economy that U.S. officials continue to pressure China to revalue its currency. China was in an advantageous position to deal with the global recession thanks to its lower-price products. As the world was hit by the recession, many consumers looked to those cheaper goods. Even as countries are recovering, consumers across the globe have altered their tendencies. Many people lost much of their wealth and have a changed perspective on their consumption. Consequently, China’s exporters have been given a prime opportunity to benefit. Goods that may have seemed essential in the past no longer have the same allure and cheaper products available from Chinese manufacturers have become increasingly more attractive. Already possessing the power of cheaper goods, which have proven to be appealing during the recession, the Chinese government has made concerted efforts to maintain a cheap currency. To achieve this, China made the decision to peg its currency to the U.S. dollar. The U.S. dollar, and accordingly the Chinese yuan, was greatly weakened against other currencies last year. As a result, China’s factories have gained additional price advantages over manufacturers in other countries allowing Chinese exporters to...
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...overall Imports for the world Behind the US. EU is not counted in this ranking system because it is multiple countries. China's biggest import is Oil now. Some of the other exports are Industrial Supplies and Mechanical Machinery, optical and medical equipment, metal ores, plastics, and organic Chemicals. Chinas top five Import partners Are Japan (9.8%), South Korea (9.2%), America (7.1%), Germany (5.1%), and Australia (4.3%). Again if we were including the EU it would be at the top at 12.1% but because it is multiple counties and we are focusing on single countries these are the top 5. China's imports total up to about $1.753 Trillion Dollars according to the CIA fact book and the year that they measured this is 2012. Regionally, almost half of China's imports come from the East and Southeast Asia. Out of the five busiest ports in the world, three are in China. Imports for China are expected to rise. Exports We also know that Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. Since the late 1970s China has moved from a closed, centrally planned system to a more market-oriented one that plays a major global role. China became the largest exporter in the world in 2010. However if you were to count the European Union it would be above China. A reason for china being ranked number one on the export list is because labor is so cheap in China that more businesses worldwide want to move their operations there because...
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...that are affordable to a wide array of people. The countries that I think would be the best to do business with would be India and China. Both India and China have large export markets for fashion accessories. From what I have read, Chinese markets for non-textile related goods and India for textiles. China has some restrictions right now on the import of textiles, whereas India does not. It will most likely be easier to find an English speaking vendor in India. China is currently the world’s biggest trading nation as of last year, measured by the sum of both exports and imports of goods. China’s exports and imports of goods last year came to a total of $3.87 trillion. India’s current GDP in PPP is 7,393,076 million. China’s current GDP in PPP is 18,030,932 million. Both China and India constitute unprecedented stories of economic development. They have already reached heavyweight status in the global economy due to the vibrant growth rates in the last decade. For many of the countries around the world, China is rapidly becoming the most important bilateral trade partner. At this rate, many European countries will be doing more individual trade with China than with European partners. Merchandise trade is a factor that is impacting global trade today. Both China and India’s merchandise exports are dominated by manufactures. The composition of these manufactures and the approach to their production...
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...India are certainly very large in size," Neumann added. "At the same time these [PPP] measures shouldn't be the be-all and end-all of international comparisons. When, for example, we measure international purchasing power expressed in dollars, which matters in international trade, the U.S., Europe and Japan continue to be the dominate economies in the world." China's economy grew an annual 7.4 percent in the first quarter of this year, slowing from a 7.7 percent increase in the final quarter of 2013. Still, its economic growth continues to outpace that of developed world economies. China’s economy suffered economic downturns during the leadership of Chairman Mao Zedong, including during the Great Leap Forward from 1958 to 1960 (which led to a massive famine and reportedly the deaths of tens of millions of people) and the Cultural Revolution from 1966 to 1976 (which caused political chaos and greatly disrupted the economy). Since 1979, China’s average annual real GDP has grown by nearly 10%. This has meant that, on average, China has been able to double the size of its economy in real terms every eight years. CHINA’S RISE TO TRADING SUPERPOWER 1978-2008 Under the centrally planned economy prior to 1978, China conducted minimal trade with the rest of the world, exporting just enough...
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...Chinese Exports Increase 46% as Demand From West Rebounds By SHARON LAFRANIERE Published: March 10, 2010 * Recommend * Twitter * Linkedin * Sign In to E-Mail * Print * ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form Reprints * ShareClose * Digg * Reddit * Tumblr * Permalink * BEIJING — China announced Wednesday that its exports climbed 46 percent in February from a year earlier, a sign that economists said signaled a rebound in consumer demand from the United States and other Western markets. Enlarge This Image Joe Tan/Reuters At factories at Dongguan in Guangdong Province, where labor shortages have occurred, workers made bras for export. It was the third consecutive month of increases in Chinese exports and the fastest growth in three years. Orders from the United States, the European Union and Japan accounted for almost half of the growth, after demand from emerging markets rose in the previous two months. Chinese imports increased 45 percent over last year, led by crude oil, after factories stepped up production. Some economists said the figures indicated China’s recovery was well under way. Tao Wang, head of China research for UBS Securities, predicted that Chinese exports would rebound to the level of 2008, before China was hurt by the global financial crisis. Ms. Wang and others suggested that the robust growth could increase pressure on China to let its...
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...Impact of China's WTO Entry on Sino-Philippine Economic Relations and on the Philippine Economy SHEN HONG FANG impact of China's WTO entry on trade, investment and services between the Philippines and China, as well as on Philippines economic growth and development. Section I introduces different analyses of China's WTO entry from the perspectives of Philippine official, academic as well as business circles. Section 2 discusses bilateral cooperation through trade, investments, and other forms of cooperation such as contracted projects, labor cooperation, air services agreement, and the development of agricultural technologies. Section 3 looks at the concerns of the Philippine government and the public with respect to China's accession to the WTO, reviewing the state of current relations and comparing this with China's relations with other Southeast Asian countries. Section 4 advances five issues pertaining to the rise of a Chinese "economic threat" following its entry into WTO. The paper concludes that China's WTO accession will help promote bilateral trade expansion, and bring about opportunities for Chinese private entrepreneurs to invest in the Philippines. However, China's WTO entry will also put added pressure on Philippine manufactures, further facilitating the flow of Chinese commodities, capital and personnel and aggravating the disputes that had already existed in the economic intercourse betv•.reen the two countries prior to WTO admission. This paper examines...
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...corporation, Institute of developing economies under METI and Ministry of Finance. MITI: Combining to two different sectors under single ministry already emphasizes how long oriented and strategic meaning it carries. The main engine of Japanese economy was industry that includes- machinery, high-tech, etc… And coming to trade it is also main accumulator of Japans GPD. Japans economy relies on export mostly. Japan in early 80-90 had huge gap of budget surplus. It exported much more than it imported and that imbalance between export and imports directly influenced US economy. Japan had and still has very exclusive channel distribution. Foreign companies cannot directly sell to japan. There are many informal barriers for foreign companies. More than that Japanese companies used predatory pricing strategy wherever they go. They set aggressive pricing strategy against competitors that couldn’t survive in market. In addition to these, Japanese yen until Plaza Accord were playing significant role against US dollar. Until late 80s and early 90s the recessionary effects of the strengthened yen in Japan's export-dependent economy created an incentive for the expansionary monetary policies that led to the Japanese asset price bubble. The Louvre Accord was signed in 1987 to halt the continuing decline of the U.S. dollar. The...
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...What was the impact of China’s exchange rate policy on doing business with and “against” China? The Yuan(RMB) is loosely pegged to the U.S dollar, although China claims that its currency value is managed against a basket of currencies. China has been accused of illegally keeping the Yuan fixed against the U.S dollar. By keeping their exchange rate low, in particular against European currencies, some argue that China gained an unfair competitive advantage in trade. Between 1978 and 2004, GDP in china grew at an average 9.5 % annual rate, FDI increased from zero to $64 billion annually, and trade increased from 10% of GDP to 79% of GDP. U.S imports from china has increased significantly, while manufacturing jobs in the U.S has declined. For example, the case study” China: to float or not to float? (A)” mentions that because of china’s exchange rate policy the U.S had to close 18 textile plants, which created a loss of 16,000 jobs. People tend to believe that China’s growth is taking place at the expense of its many trading partners. Politicians ignore the fact that it is often FDI and foreign companies that are booming the Chinese export locomotive. The truth is that China’s rapid export growth also has a positive impact in East Asian countries. China is the largest importer of South Korean and Taiwanese and it also imports a substantial amount of goods from Japan. Despite the fact that exports of other Asian countries to the U.S decreased, the total exports as been growing as these...
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