...Why the CCP won the Civil War? * Intro – introduce how the civil war was going (background information, a timeline, who was fighting? Who was winning (GMD)), overview on why the CCP won * Main Body (1st developed point) political – both had foreign aid, CCP had a strong leadership, peasants liked the idea of communism, however the GMD lost sight of the three principles (dictatorship, no democracy, very harsh rule) * Main Body (2nd developed point) military – the soldiers felt that they were fighting for a cause (were passionate about it), whilst the GMD had their soldiers unfed and didn’t have a motive to fight this led for soldiers to desert the GMD and move to the CCP, bringing their weapons with them (the biggest suppliers of weapons were the GMD), write about the military tactics (guerrilla and CKS wrong move) * Main Body (3rd developed point) social - CCP had support of the majority: Women’s association: No more foot binding, prostitution, Land reform, When they made mistake, too radical for land reform, they backed down and began to more moderate. * Conclusion has to go back to the question Compare the two!! GMD & CCP Why did a Civil war break out in China in 1947? * Intro * Main Body (1st/2nd developed point) (division between GMD and CCP), 1925 – 1945 main points (shanghais massacre, extermination campaigns, long march, war with Japan) * Main Body (2nd developed point) 1945-1946 (end of the Sino-Japanese war, CCP willing to compromise...
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...To What Extend are the Chinese Views of Mao truthful? In China, Mao is more than a role model. Mao was often compared to the first Emperor of China who had united the 7 warring kingdoms in troubled times. Because of this, for the Chinese people, Mao symbolizes power, culture and unity. Contrary to this, Western Society believes that Mao was a dictator who was responsible for the death of 49-78,000,000 people during Mao’s reign: 38,000,000 from famine in the Great Leap Forward, 28,000,000 in the LaoGai Camps and 3,000,000 counterrevolutionaries’ participants. [1] Since there is such a difference in the opinions, it makes you wonder is there truth in the contradicting views of Mao. In China Mao was often seen as a militaristic leader who united China using clever strategic plans, whilst under times of turmoil. It is hard to argue against as I believe that it is almost true. Under Mao, there was the success of the Long March, triumphing in the Second Sino-Japanese war, Sino-Indian War and lastly the victory over the Nationalist Party. It makes me think: is it really possible for one man to do all that? For example on The Long March It was said that it was Mao’s Idea; Mao led the way, Mao who encouraged the marchers and so on. On the contrary, it was said he stayed way behind the front lines when there was fighting. Plus, it was Otto Braun (a Russian agent)’s idea to do a full scale retreat to Yan’an where the Chinese Communist’s Part Second Army was to be based....
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...Chiang Kai-Shek lost control of China to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1949 following two and a half decades of mistakes and fundamental errors in ruling the struggling and fractured republic. Under his leadership, corruption was allowed to flourish in the nationalist party, failed military campaigns were commonplace, national unity was never created, and the obsession with personal wealth and gain was the rule among large numbers of the higher ranking members of the nationalist party, all of which lead to a complete breakdown of support for the nationalist party from the Chinese people. Chiang never had a “relationship with the common people.”1 From the time he came to power in 1925, he appeared never to understand his people. His obsession with purging the Kuomintang (KMT) of all Communists, his push for a New Life Movement2, making the claim, “first internal pacification, then external resistance”*3, and his use of foreign relationships and criminal organizations to gain superiority and exterminate the communists each played a role in confirming Chiang’s failure. In the fight against the Japanese in World War II, Chiang’s single-minded focus on the Chinese Communists allowed Japan to gain a strong grip in China and occupy parts of the country. It eventually required the help of the United States to defeat and oust the Japanese. Chiang’s repeated military failures against the Japanese caused him to lose support within his own elite KMT group. In an effort to reestablish...
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...the breakdown of the first United Front, Chiang Kai Shek launched an offensive which forced a retreat from Mao and the Red army. This retreat is believed to have lasted for over a year and covered 6000 miles. By the end of the march, of the 80000 marchers who embarked on the journey, only 6000 made it to Yenan. It was a march rich with heroism and hardship. However to call the Long March a retreat that changed the destiny of china is controversial. The term 'destiny' can be interpreted in two different ways. It can be the outcome of the Long March influencing the civil war by 1949 or the world's perspective of China. According to many historians, such as Richard Cavendish, the Long March was a victorious march for Mao and the CCP. It made the survival of the imperiled CCP possible, gave Mao a secure grasp on its leadership and ultimately led to the creation of the People's Republic of China. “As a bulwark of Chinese pride and patriotism, skillfully exploited as such by Mao and his circle”. It is also sometimes believed that the Long March was a seeding machine, one that spread the Marxist ideology and manipulated the opinions of China and Mao across the globe. Before the epic journey began, the CCP was in a quagmire and the Nationalists seemed on the point of establishing an unshakeable control over China. The communists appeared to be a broken force. At this point, there was no certainty that the CCP will survived. However, as a result of the Long MArch, the survival of...
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...China (traditional Chinese: 中國; simplified Chinese: 中国) is a cultural region, an ancient civilization, and a nation in East Asia. The last Chinese Civil War has resulted in two nations: The People's Republic of China (PRC), commonly known as China, has control over mainland China and the largely self-governing territories of Hong Kong (since 1997) and Macau (since 1999). The Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as Taiwan, has control over the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu. China has one of the world's oldest civilizations and has the oldest continuous civilization.[1] It has archaeological evidence over 5,000 years old. It also has one of the world's oldest writing systems, and is viewed as the source of many major inventions. The first recorded use of the word "China" is dated 1555.[nb 1][3] It is derived from Cin, a Persian name for China popularized in Europe by Marco Polo. History of China Ancient China was one of the first civilizations. Chinese civilization was also one of the few to invent writing,[2] the others being Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley civilization, the Maya civilization, the Minoan civilization of ancient Greece, and Ancient Egypt.[5] It reached its golden age during the Tang Dynasty (about A.D. 10th century). China is home to some of the oldest artwork in the world. Statues and pottery, as well as decorations made of jade, are some classic examples. China's economy and military weakened during the Qing Dynasty (around the 17th...
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...Paper Impact of Invasion and Migration by Japan on the Chinese Society Introduction The Sino-Japanese Wars were the largest wars in the Asian battlefield during the World War II. The Sino-Japanese Wars were conflicts between China and Japan in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. There were two Sino-Japanese Wars: the first one lasted from July 1894 to April 1895; the Second one, which was known in China as the war of resistance against Japan, lasted from the outbreak of the fighting on 7 July 1937 to 14 August 1945—although recent Chinese historiography tends to date the war from the Japanese occupation of Manchuria in 1931. Both wars were crucial in the formation and ultimate defeat of Japanese imperial expansion in East Asia and in the development of a sense of Chinese nationalism. Although the Sino-Japanese Wars were end in 1945 with the victory of China, it made up more than 50% of the casualties in the Pacific War if the 1937–1941 periods are taken into account. The impacts of invasion and migration by Japan on Chinese society are various. This essay will present these impacts on three aspects, which are politics, economy and culture. The Impacts on the Chinese Politics During the invasion and migration of Japan, Sino-Japanese War broke the confrontation between pre-war China's major political parties and other parties. As the Japanese attempt to monopolize China and launch a comprehensive war against China, it made a fundamental change among the class...
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...At the turn of the 20th century China was the world's oldest continuously extant civilization, being four thousand years old, but, a mere twenty years later that bastion of civilization was thrown into turmoil and discord by the arrival of western civilizations who brought with them a new ethos and dictum on the structure of society that, would open the eyes of the insular Chinese people and awaken the great sleeping dragon, that would propel them into modernity. A number of factors were present in China at the turn of the century that would led to the gradual establishment of Communist rule under the charismatic, enigmatic Mao Zedong. At the time of the CCP's inception in 1920 China was a deeply divided socially, economically and politically backward country ruled by self-serving, despotic war-lords and encumbered by foreign powers who held unequal treaties which entitled them to special economic and territorial privileges in China, a source of great discontent to the Chinese people. This great social upheaval gave rise to new and more radicalized schools of thought, led by disenchanted intellectuals who strove to unify China and rid her of her many tyrannical overlords.The Nationalist KMT Party were the Communists main contender for power; not only were they the public face of politics in China, they also had the backing of Soviet Russia, but, over time Chiang Kai-Shek and the KMT would come to represent consummate despotism; Siphoning of public funds, their brutality towards...
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...thinking Richest source of power to wage war lies in the masses of the people Introduction: Ever since we started learning the concepts of Mao Zedong’s military thinking, one thing that really impressed me is how strong power is a mass of the people. Especially whence Chinese communist party gained support of peasants and overthrow the power imbalanced war………… By this paper I will attempt to make a more complete explanation of the concept which named “Richest Source of power to wage war lies in the masses of the people” of Mao Zedong's military thought. People’s war Before we start to understand about this concept We should clearly find out What is the people’s war actually. The ones who first created the “people’s war” conception in scientific theory and made distinction from other wars are Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels . There are few famous revolutionary leaders such as Vladimir Ilych Lenin, Fidel Castro and also Mao Tsetung who inherited and developed Marxist theory of the people’s war. As mentioned above Mao Tsetung who was a leader of Chinese completely enriched and developed proletarian concept of the People’s war. He deeply relieved the essence and political basis of the people‘s war, systematically expounded the basic principles of waging a people’s war. Mao Tsetung’s concept of the people’s war is not only concentrated in his military works, but also fully reflected in his great practice of directing people’s war of China on a magnificent scale.[MTST’s...
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...Sean Taylor Modern Chinese Politics At the turn of the 20th Century, China was a strong force that while politically unified it was still mainly tied to its customs of the past. There was no trace yet of industrialization taking place. At the beginning of the century, China was still under the imperial system. It wasn’t until 1911 Revolution, which brought about the end of their old traditional government. The 2000 year old imperial system was replaced with the Republic of China headed by Sun Yat-sen. This new system didn’t last that long and China went into a period of warlordism after the death of Yuan Shikai. After World War I, upset with the Treaty of Versailles, students broke out in protest. The May Fourth Movement essentially formed the Communist Party of China (CCP). During the 1920’s there was a power struggle between the CCP and Sun Yat-sen’s Kuomintang Nationalist party (KMT). KMT was strong in China’s urban areas while the CCP was influential in its rural areas. However, by 1927, the CCP was expelled from China and it became a Nationalist country under the KMT. By 1931, the CCP had reemerged but could not be defeated by Chiang Kai-shek. Instead they retreated to the north in the Long March. Also in 1931, Japan began to occupy Manchuria and established a puppet government called Manchukuo. The Japanese aggression in China became full blown on July 7, 1937, the beginning World War II. By 1939, Japan controlled most of the east coast of China, while Chiang blockaded...
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...Cold War Wars The Cold War was the conflict between the two superpowers of the world, the democratic United States of America and the communist Soviet Union. For over fifty years the two superpowers fought each other for power and control of the world. The Cold War started after the end of the Second World War in 1945 when both superpowers were no longer looking at Nazi Germany, but instead at each other and the rest of the world. It rose due to antagonist values with the United States, demonstrating democracy and capitalism, and the Soviet Union, signifying communism and totalitarianism. Being the two principal world powers after WWII, controversy with the Americans and Soviets became a worldwide conflict. However, the Cold War ended up affecting practically every country in the world someway. Some countries were affected by having wars erupt within them. Some examples were Vietnam, Korea, and Afghanistan. In each of these wars, many amounts of communists fought non-communists. In each case, both sides had help from other countries that were on their side. Either way, the countries were both badly impacted by the fighting. In other countries, the impacts were more positive. The US & the USSR would compete with one another to help countries that were not firmly aligned in one camp or the other. They would often give economic aid to countries to help persuade those countries to take their side. What this meant is that some countries benefited from the cold war in economic...
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...India & China’s war with The West India and China have two major belongings in common that has contributed to them separately becoming a Superpower in today’s sphere, each consumes a mammoth amount of land, and enormous population. When comparing and contrasting how each arose, viewing back to a post-World War 2 era, where both countries earned their independence in essential in understanding 3 components that shaped their country. The first is how the varying countries leaders at the time gained their independence. The second is the post-independence struggle that each country faced after. The last is how these countries came from the previous changes to develop into the countries they are today. Looking at a back story of these two countries show us their roles in today’s politics and how their reception is viewed by other counties. Great leaders facilitated the uniting of China, and India’s population into ‘fighting’ for independence, but using fighting not as a literal word to show they each had a cause and needed to combat to overcome it. India’s leader is very famous for his non-violence approach to overcoming the British imperialist. Mahatma Gandhi was born very privileged and studied in England to become a lawyer. He came back to India and wanted to see people free of economic and social change in his country. Gandhi’s method preached of nonviolence, and more of a civil disobedience to the British. In one quote he says “First they ignore you, then they laugh at you...
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...~Mao Zedong~ Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-Tung) was born in Chaochan, China, in 1893. At the 18 years of age, he served in the revolutionary army during the 1911 Chinese Revolution. Chinese was inspired by the Russian Revolution and therefore established the Chinese Communist Party in Shanghai in 1921. They were adapted by the ideas of Lenin. He and other members had joined the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party), which Mao worked as a political organizer in Shanghai. With the help of advisers from the Soviet Union the Kuomintang increased its power in China. Their new leader Chiang Kai-Shek eliminated the communists from the organization. The nationalist set a barrier and Mao Zedong decided to evacuate the area. In October 1934, Mao and some 100,000 men and their independents headed west through mountain areas. They experienced terrible hardships. They covered about 50 miles a day and reached Shensi on 20th October 1935. When the Japanese Army invaded China in 1937, Chiang Kai-Shek was forced to move his capital from Nanking to Chungking, and lost control of the coastal regions and most major cities of Japan. He then agreed to work together with Mao and his communist army. During the Second World War, Mao had well-organized guerrilla forces. The Japanese had surrendered and Communists began war against Nationalists. The communists win its control of the country and on 1 October, 1949, Mao announced the organization of People’s Republic of China. In 1958 Mao announced the Great...
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...occurred like this too. A perfect example of the domino effect is the Communist split from the Nationalists, commonly known as the White Terror. This sudden purge only lasted around three nights, but the effects of the split would last for many decades in the future. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) split from the Chinese Nationalists in 1927 affected both China itself and other foreign nations through the triggering of major wars, changes in international relations, and the formation of modern China- one of the world’s leading economies. The effects of the split, both positive and negative, would last for many years to come. After splitting from the Nationalists, Mao Zedong led the legendary Long March- a campaign that would garner support for him and split the country into two parties. Although the route was extremely long and dangerous, the popularity gained along the way sustained the marchers. As Mao Zedong wrote in his 1935 poem The Long March, “the Red Army fears not the trials of the Long March, holding light ten thousand crags and torrents ... Min Mountain's thousand li of snow joyously crossed, the three Armies march on, each face glowing” (Johnson). The Long March mainly crossed the Chinese countryside, a greatly beneficial move, as this is where the Communists were greeted with newfound supporters ready to be enlisted into the Red Army. After Mao took the lead from Otto Braun, a Russian agent sent to...
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...Chiang Kai Shek Chiang Kai-Shek lost control of China to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1949 following two and a half decades of mistakes and fundamental errors in ruling the struggling and fractured republic. Under his leadership, corruption was allowed to flourish in the nationalist party, failed military campaigns were commonplace, national unity was never created, and the obsession with personal wealth and gain was the rule among large numbers of the higher ranking members of the nationalist party, all of which lead to a complete breakdown of support for the nationalist party from the Chinese people. Chiang never had a “relationship with the common people.”1 From the time he came to power in 1925, he appeared never to understand his people. His obsession with purging the Kuomintang (KMT) of all Communists, his push for a New Life Movement2, making the claim, “first internal pacification, then external resistance”*3, and his use of foreign relationships and criminal organizations to gain superiority and exterminate the communists each played a role in confirming Chiang’s failure. In the fight against the Japanese in World War II, Chiang’s single-minded focus on the Chinese Communists allowed Japan to gain a strong grip in China and occupy parts of the country. It eventually required the help of the United States to defeat and oust the Japanese. Chiang’s repeated military failures against the Japanese caused him to lose support within his own elite KMT group. ...
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...the People’s Republic of China. I will explain how the Communist Party of China came into power. While researching the Chinese Government I found the biggest problem is the government itself is based on a lie. The supreme ruling body that elects officials and makes laws is nothing more than a figure head with over 2000 members. Real power lies not with elected officials but with members of the communist party, many of whom are not in the public eye or are retired. A country would have to have been beaten down and kicked to allow this type of government to take root. In China’s case that is exactly what happened. To understand how The People’s Republic of China, or the PRC, came into power we must first look at the “Century of Humiliation”. This was a period that started with the first Opium War and continued until the end of WWII. Over this period the Chinese suffered at the hands of other countries (Mislan 2012). The Chinese were exploited by the British looking for a way into Chinese trade they offered up a highly addictive Narcotic. When the Emperor finally banned the importation of Opium half the country was addicted (Brook 2000). The British with the help of corrupted Chinese government officials won the war even against a Chinese army with superior numbers. The next insult, and more foreign transgression, came in 1856 with the Second Opium War. Imperial Britain again felt it their right to have open trade with all ports in China, Legalization of Opium, and the...
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