...only in the business, but in artistic level won the world audience recognition. He grew up in a traditional Chinese family and study in the United States. The differences between eastern and western culture took a sharp collision in his heart, and it revealed without hiding in his movie and finally become his own unique aesthetic features. This article try to read Lee’s creative thought and artistic style through analysis and research of Lee’s special culture background master’s creative ideas, and learn more about the human temperament of the director which is full glory of human nature. First, this article will introduce about Ang Lee’s growing environment and studying experiences, in order to analysis the formation of his Chinese and Western characteristics. Secondly, through multiple films, the article would analysis of the impact of the East-West cultural collision and merger. Furthermore, a comprehensive interpretation of Ang’s unique film elements and the traits would be expounded. Abstract Ang Lee, Taiwan filmmaker, however, doesn’t have the same characteristics with other Taiwan film makers. He is like a movie ranger, with no specific cultural identity, however, simultaneously, it could be find a certain kind of familiar cultural identity on him, especially in his films. His film always combines the collision of Chinese and Western cultures, but always gives a calm and objective impression, as the story of the movie. His upbringing experience and...
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...Luo Zhaouhui, the Chinese Ambassador to Canada, interesting explains on The Globe and Mail (2015) that, “Developing China-Canada relations is like sailing against currents. You either advance or recede.” Diplomatic ties between China and Canada have been established for 45 years and counting. Strategic partnerships between the two countries have held strong for over 10 years (Zhaouhui, 2015). The strong ties between the two countries are reflected through current statistics. As of 2014, about 100,000 Chinese students attend educational institutions in Canada. Chinese is considered the third most spoken language in Canada with over 1.3 million Chinese-Canadian residents (“Bilateral Relations”, 2015). 2. The standard practices and business etiquette in China Labelling and stereotyping can be very detrimental in cross-cultural situations; special care must be taken to ensure the team avoids that habit. The strongest armour against generalizations would be to educate our VCC negotiating team about standard Chinese practices in business and the negotiation process. The Chinese business culture places significant value on building relationships and getting to know the team individually. Personal connections would lead to friendships and friendships would lead to open trust and harmony – values emphasized in Chinese businesses. As a team, we need to recognize that in order to be successful in negotiating we must first build an honorary friendship with the Chinese (Yin, 2008). In China...
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...Adjustment: A Study of Secondary Chinese Students in South Australia (Homestay Situation) Chong Zhou, Guiyun Chen Abstract In this study, the researcher intends to make some contributions to the research literature regarding the analysis of secondary students’ cross-cultural adjustment through investigating a group of Mainland Chinese students’ experiences in secondary schools in South Australia. The study explores the perceptions of Chinese students in a more naturalistic way through conversations with them in their own language. It focuses on the cultural challenges faced by these Chinese students and provides some insider’s knowledge about the underlying causes for these challenges and their coping strategies in the process of adjusting to living and learning in Australian culture. This paper, as part of the study, will particularly focus on the challenges involved in the homestay situation, the results of which indicated that the secondary school Chinese students at homestays were confronted with four broad categories of challenges: difficulties with food, English language, household chores and relationships with homestay hosts. The findings also uncovered the detailed basis of each of the students’ difficulties, providing some specific cultural information for educational practitioners to better understand secondary Chinese students in Australia. Key words: homestay, culture, language, challenges, adjustment 1 Introduction Entering a new culture is, in many ways...
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...should enter the room followed by myself. We will both be wearing neutral colored conservative dresses with flat shoes. The Chinese businessman will introduce himself whom my boss will respond to with “Hello, we are pleased to meet you” and begin to formally introduce herself as Manager Johnson and myself as Mrs. Fowler. I will not attempt to introduce myself as it would be considered rude. We will wait for him to initiate a handshake at which time my boss will first shake his hand gently and then myself. How do you exchange business cards? Following the introduction it is expected exchange of business cards. It is important to have business cards that are printed on sides; one in English, the other in Chinese. These should include: Company Name, Personal name, title, fax and email. They should be clean, neat and printed in gold lettering. The exchange will occur one at a time standing up and holding the card on the corners with both hands with the Chinese side up. You will hand your card carefully showing him respect, you will show the same respect when accepting his card. Once I receive the card I will need to study it prior putting it on the table, showing interest by reading the details; if I had collected more than one business card, I would line them up in vertically in order of seniority going down on the table (NBC Universal, Inc, 2008). The culture coach informs me that they should never go into a pocket, get written on and that showing up without business cards could...
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...are not inherently born with the understanding of the kinds of values they should uphold. Instead, values are passed down and inculcated from one generation to another through intricate agents such as experiences, interaction, friends, families and cultural norms. Needless to say, different cultural groups espouse different values. Studies on culture have shown a saliency of difference in both Asian and western values (Schwartz, 1994). Due to the nature and diversity of their beliefs and practices, Asian and western cultures have been largely distinguished as being collectivistic and individualistic respectively (Victor, 1992; Wagner & Moch, 1986). In the case of an individualistic culture, an individualist would consider his or her own personal interest and goals more important than the group’s interest (Victor, 1992; Earley 1989; Wagner & Moch, 1986). On the other hand, a collectivistic culture would value membership in a group, show stronger loyalty to their social groups and place their own interests before the groups’ interest (Victor, 1992; Wagner & Moch, 1986). Collectivistic Singapore Schwartz (1994:111) described Chinese in Singapore as “closest to the pure Hofstede conception of collectivism, high in conservatism and hierarchy, and low in autonomy and mastery”. In addition, in a survey conducted by Hofstede (1997), Singapore was ranked extremely low in individualism – 39th place out of 41 countries. This...
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...Loss of Face Among Chinese Businesspeople in Intracultural and Intercultural Business Interactions Peter W. Cardon and James Calvert Scott Abstract Problem: No systematic research has been conducted about loss of face in Chinese business culture. General research questions: What causes Chinese businesspeople to lose face when conducting business intraculturally and interculturally? Setting: People’s Republic of China. Participants: 34 Chinese businesspeople from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Methods: Structured open-ended interviews. Main findings: In intracultural business the major causes of loss of face were public criticism and rejection, with mild responses to loss of face except when subordinates caused superiors to lose face and sometimes when a peer caused another peer to lose face. In intercultural business the major causes of loss of face were foreigners’ arrogance, politics and international events, and foreigners’ criticism, with most responses to loss of face being minor. Recommendations: Recommendations are provided for businesspeople operating in the Chinese environment and for researchers conducting investigations about face in Chinese business culture. IS RESEARCH ABOUT LOSS OF FACE among Chinese businesspeople relevant for American business educators? “International business is an area of the business education curriculum that commands center stage in today’s global economy,” reported the National Business Education Association in...
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...China has more than 4000 year’s history, and this long history has made China a unique culture that deeply impacts on China today. According to Brand China and “Harmonious and Integrated Culture” and the Building and Communication of China’s National Image, the authors both claim that Chinese traditional culture has shaped China’s national image. On the other hand, based on Neo-Confucianism and Chinese Business Culture, Chinese traditional culture also has impacted on Chinese business culture. Generally, Chinese traditional culture has impacted on current Chinese business practices, such as guanxi, face saving and so on. Moreover, as a result of influencing by Chinese traditional culture, negotiating process in China and related behaviors must be different from that of the rest of the world. Hence, knowing more about these special knowledge of negotiating in China would help people easier do business in China. As a Chinese student, those business practices that are influenced by Chinese traditional culture are very familiar for me. For face saving, it is exactly the same as the film The Interview by Sony shows that a few Chinese local governments might build a fake everyday-low-price grocery store which looks even better than Wholefoods to make higher level government officer think that the local people are very happy. On the other hand, during my daily life when I was in China, everyone are working on obtaining more guanxi. Guanxi seems like network in American, but it is more...
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...facts about the latest thing….. The latest broadcast….. Which country is on the edge of revolution or an ultimate increase in growth; or which one will have that everlasting influence on the world’s economy. Take China, for instance. The biggest study is about how China is thriving economically and about to turn into the next world power. Researchers are meticulously tracking economic developments and commercial data as a way to eventually thrive in its atmosphere. Reporters’ and experts from all over the globe are either persistently composing eager predictions or partaking in discussions about what China will do in the future. According to the Central Intelligence Agency, data shows that, following its entry into the World trade Organization, China offers a huge potential market for investment and sales with its main industry generated from iron, steel, coal, textiles, and petroleum. As for us, we are a part of Higher Global; we make investments that include branching out into other countries to do business…… this means China is a part of our future; and we must attempt to explore its nation and business etiquette further. While considering, we will keep in mind the question: How should we carry out measures to explore its culture, forms of communication, and cultural business norms to make this expansion prosper? The problem is that we need YOU. It is a big deal if we do not...
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...Cross-Cultural Management: Reflection Part. 1 of 2: Traditional Aboriginal Culture and Traditional Chinese Culture This reflective report will attempt to compare and contrast between Traditional Australian Aboriginal Culture and Traditional Chinese Culture. Ferraro & Briody (2013) defines culture as the shared perceptions among group of two or more people, their beliefs, values and behavioural patterns, which ultimately shape their way of life. I will analyse the two cultures around Hodstede’s cultural dimensions, Collectivism. Collectivism determines the degree of close-knit characteristic of the group (Hofstede n.d.). The insight this framework provides could be use as a guide in managing organisations’ and nationals’ cultural difference. The traditional Chinese live off small area of land, mainly used for cultivation of rice. In order to maximise yield, seeding and harvesting period are heavily depends on friends and relatives to help get the job done (Gladwell 2008). This interdependent behaviour is found not only at the family level but also at community level. Chinese society follows the teaching of Confucius, which promotes interdependence and social harmony (Chuang & Su 2009). To avoid potential social conflicts and encourages cohesiveness, Chinese are more likely to compromise their own needs and coordinate their behaviour with the situation (Nisbatt & Masuda 2003). It is common for Chinese to live with their married son. Family structure becomes more complex...
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...Part 1 China is a collectivist culture as a whole, meaning that they put group – family, school, work, or country – needs and goals ahead of their own. In general this translates into acting with decorum at all times and even subjugating their own feelings and opinions for the good of the group. In American culture, silence is frequently interpreted as agreement, however, in the Chinese culture an individual will remain silent rather than offer a dissenting opinion so as to make sure both parties save face. Face is an essential component of Chinese culture as the concept translates to honor, respect and good reputation. In order to successfully conduct business in China it is essential that the representative never lose face themselves nor cause the loss of face in others. The primary code of behavior and ethics in China is based on Confucianism, stressing duty, sincerity, loyalty, honor, piety and respect for age and seniority. “Through maintaining harmonious relations as individuals, society itself becomes stable (Kwintesssential, 2013).” Non-verbal communication is as important as verbal and provides even more pitfalls. In China a frown is interpreted as disagreement which can cause one party to lose face. Facial expressions, tone of voice and even posture are all examined to try to determine what someone feels. In America, eye contact is considered a sign that you are paying attention and care about what the person is saying. In China it is considered rude and...
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...between Chinese and Sub-Saharan Africans Jean Pierre MIAHOUAKANA MATONDO PhD Student in Business Administration Glorious Sun School of Business and Management, Donghua University 1882, Yan’an Road, Shanghai China Abstract With a Sino-African trade growing at 40% a year and a steadily growing economy above 5% in Africa are challenging Chinese companies and individual Chinese businessmen to reassess broad stereotypes and globalization strategies in this continent. This paper reviews a comparative analysis of fundamental values and interpersonal relations between Chinese and Sub-Saharan Africans, and also their impact on the intercultural activities. It outlines differences and synergies amongst African and Chinese cultures. The study aims to introduce some important recommendations and factors, which may have an essential impact on Chinese companies operating in Sub-Saharan Africa. It provides in addition empirical insights of a set of values that may influence Chinese and Sub-Saharan Africans’ behaviours. New suggestions related to cross-cultural activities are reported to implement adequate human resource management policies within these companies. The paper includes implications for the development of new cross-cultural strategies and restructuration of the human resource policies. Keywords: Cross-cultural Values; Identity; Cross-Cultural Management; Group Affiliations; Intercultural Communication; Beliefs Introduction According to many studies, cross-cultural...
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...At this moment, I am working in Allphones in Perth. My boss, Mrs Zhang, is a Chinese woman who has another shop in Adelaide and she always stays there. Therefore, her brother, Mr. Zhang, is taking responsible for the shop in Perth. About two weeks ago, I went to the shop and tried to find a position there. Mr. Zhang made an appointment with me and asked me lots of questions, such as my English level, the experience of being a salesperson, and my previous job and so on. I could clearly felt that he was satisfied with me. At that night, he gave me a call and told me that he has talked to Mrs. Zhang about recruiting me and she agreed that. Still in that call, he also told me that the salary for me is 10 dollars per hour and I could start training immediately. Even I felt it is quite low, I agreed to work there, because I thought that it is better to gain some money than nothing and that would be the salary during the period of training. As the first job I got in Perth, I really felt passion about it. It seems that it is really a hard job. Since our shop locates in the heart of Perth, there are lots of people coming to our shop every day. During the first week, I worked four days from 10am to 5.30pm, which made me very tired, but I still felt happy since I could get money from this job. One day, one of my colleagues asked Mr. Zhang to pay the salary, so did I. Mr. Zhang looked at me for five seconds and told me that there is no salary during the training and I could get 10...
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...digitize, preserve and extend access to Asian Survey. http://www.jstor.org W i l l i a m a . Ca l l a h a n China’s Strategic Futures Debating the Post-American World Order a b S t r aC t This essay examines how China’s “harmonious world†foreign policy has unintentionally created opportunities for citizens to challenge elite discussions of foreign policy. Although they are relative outsiders, the essay argues that citizen intellectuals are a growing influence as a source of ideas about China’s future—and the world’s. K e y W o r d S : China, foreign policy, strategy, public intellectual, civil society Although we did not recognize it at the time, Beijing’s current assertive foreign policy started in September 2005 when Chinese President Hu Jintao delivered a major speech to a global audience at the United Nations. From the podium of the General Assembly, Hu introduced “Harmonious World†as a new concept of global politics, explaining that his goal was to “build a harmonious world of lasting peace and...
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...Legal and Cultural environment that affect our marketing plan and product When we doing export business, we have to understand the regulation that apply to specific product, and also more general rules about the products. Failure to catch up those information could cause delay and lost when we doing export business. China have freedom in undertaking all the import and export activities including international trade, with the exception of those forbidden by state laws and regulations. And China is a big market for us to expanding, our target segment is wide, so China gonna be good choice to do the export business. Legislation for importing food Food which is intended for human consumption must meet the general food safety requirements of law. Under the regulation these requirements are that food must not be unsafe, i.e.: Injurious to health Unfit for human consumption Apart from the general provisions of regulation, the specific legislation applying to imported food will depend on whether the food is of animal origin or not: Food containing animal products includes meat, meat pies, salami, poultry, fish, eggs, milk, dairy products, and honey. Food that has no animal content includes fruit, vegetables, cereals, certain bakery products, herbs, and spices, mineral water, and fruit juices. Some of the import and export procedures are open to choice. Whether these procedures are necessary is solely decided by the kinds of import and export and the category of the import and export...
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...centre for consumption. It is crucial that western businesses and managers understand how to do business in China and the issues they may face in management practice in an international and cross-cultural context. Political and regulatory considerations for doing business in China, Anti-gifting regulations in China The giving of gifts is an essential part of Chinese culture (Yang 1988). Personal and corporate gifts accounted for approximately 25% of luxury goods sales in China in 2012. Bain et al (2013) This sale percentage is now at risk as the Chinese government attempts to combat both the act of corruption and a negative view among the population of the behaviour of politicians. As part of the anti-corruption campaign, in July 2012, the State Council passed regulations stating that government agencies are prohibited from purchasing luxury goods. As the new leadership in China pledged to increase efforts to curb corruption, it is generally expected that the anti-corruption drive will slowdown corporate gift-gifting, there by weakening the demand for luxury goods. Modes off entry, In entering the Chinese market the company must understand what entry...
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