...the most prominent, China, have consistently influenced the people and culture of Japan. Although the Japanese aesthetics may have begun as something borrowed from its neighboring cultures, the Japanese have truly evolved their aesthetics into unique and authentic. In modern times, their aesthetics continue to greatly influence world art and fashion. Ranging from their poetry, to the tea ceremony, to architecture, the Japanese aesthetics began as something mimicking that of China and other cultures, and over time, have developed into something purely and truly Japanese. Because of its close proximity to China and Korea, Japan, in the pre-modern times, was greatly influenced by the cultures surrounding it. Early knowledge of the Japanese people can be found in the dynastic histories of China. “The Chinese called Japan the land of Wa…described as consisting of ‘one-hundred’ ---probably meaning a great many ---countries or tribes” (Varley, Japanese Culture, p. 7.) Since this time, the Japanese sent missions to China and slowly adopted many of their cultural aesthetics. Even though there was a very strong Chinese influence, the Japanese eventually assumed their unique aesthetic sense. This aesthetic sense is collectively known as miyabi, or refined sensibility, mono no aware, or the capacity to be moved by things, wabi and suki, or imperfect, irregular beauty. These aesthetics can be seen from ancient times in Japanese history all the way up until twenty first-century, modern times...
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...civilizations to choose from, some of the best contributions came from the Egyptian, Chinese, Greek, Roman, Muslim, Indian, and Japanese cultures. In order to understand what these civilizations did to transform the medical world, it is a necessity to first recognize and appreciate what they were able to accomplish with the little resources available at the time. That being said, even though these societies had little to work with, they were still capable of amazing achievements. The first civilization being considered is the Egyptian civilization because it is one of the oldest and most well-known for their proficiency in various fields, including medicine. The Egyptians possessed a large amount of knowledge of healing with herbs as well as repairing physical injuries in order to tend to the workers responsible for building the great monuments that we still see today in Egypt (Shuttleworth, Ancient Medicine). The Egyptians were very skilled at performing eye surgery, since irritation of the eyes was common in a desert society. Most of the archeological evidence we have today is thanks to the well preserved mummy corpses. We know that healed skeletons were a good indication that prove the Egyptians were capable of major repairs to broken bones. Doctors practiced amputation and sometimes even applied prosthetics while using antiseptics to counter infections from amputation (Shuttleworth, Ancient Medicine). The Egyptians were very knowledgeable of herbs and successful remedies....
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...The Influence of the Buddhism Expansion on the Creation of Languages In the third century B.C.E., Buddhism appeared in ancient China. But it was not until later in the first century A.D. that there was more of a regularity in the religion being practiced. Buddhism was greatly and strongly opposed by the Taoists, another religion occupying China at the time. However, over the course of many centuries, the two religions began to coexist without to much aggression towards each other. Over time, both religions also began to borrow ideas from one another. According to the philosopher Chu Hsi, “Buddhism stole the best features of Taoism; Taoism stole the worst features of Buddhism. It is as though one took a jewel from the other, and the loser recouped the loss with a stone.” Nevertheless, both religions and later Christianity expanded throughout China, and eventually made their way along with explorers and warriors into modern day North Korea, South Korea, and then into Japan. The languages throughout these four countries developed along with the religions, proving that the spread of Buddhism, Taoism, and Christianity throughout China and the surrounding countries was a great influence on the creation of the modern day Korean and Japanese languages and writing systems. The Japanese language had no writing system prior to the introduction of the Chinese writing system, originally used by Chinese people who lived in Japan during the early Christian era. Educated Japanese scholars...
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...simple process and adapted it to their own taste while also assimilating foreign influences imported through intercontinental trade and migrations. The result is an art form that is universally popular, yet regionally unique. The oldest examples of ceramic pottery date back past 10,000 BC and come from southern China and Japan. These early pots were made through the “coiling” method, a technique that required the clay to be worked into a long string which was wound round onto itself to form walls that could then be molded smooth. This process was independently developed by cultures across the world but was eventually replaced by the potter’s wheel after its invention in Mesopotamia around 4,000 BC. Thanks to the potter’s wheel, from 900 to 500 B.C. ceramic pottery was widely implemented throughout Ancient Greece, most commonly in the form of decoratively painted vases. While Greek vases typically depicted a scene or story drawn on the exterior, their interior served a variety of purposes; from small jugs used to store and transport goods to large kraters that were used to dilute wine in. Compared to the Greeks, the Romans were less involved with “luxury” pottery but still produced massive quantities of ceramic ware that served utilitarian purposes. Meanwhile, Eastern cultures were working on perfecting the art by creating new types of glazes, different mixtures of clay, and high heat kilns. In Japan, ceramic art...
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...societies. Japan is an island nation in East Asia. It is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The Japanese culture has expanded its horizons in many countries and regions. In special, Brazil, where the Japanese immigrants represents the second biggest Japanese descendent group out of Japan. Its values and habits has an important presence in Brazilian territory. One of the important aspects of this culture is the Japanese food. Japan has a rich culture of arts, architecture, literature, music, etc. Japanese art covers a wide range of art styles and media, including ancient pottery, sculpture, ink painting and calligraphy on silk and paper. Japanese ceramics are among the finest in the world and include the earliest known artifacts of their culture. In architecture, Japanese preferences for natural materials and an interaction of interior and exterior space are clearly expressed. Since Japan is very far away from Maldives, collecting information was mainly from the internet and library. Introduction Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it borders China, North Korea, South Korea, Russia, Taiwan, the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the East China Sea. It is an archipelago of 6,852 islands, most of which are mountainous and many are volcanic. Figure 1: Japan The government system is a parliamentary government with a constitutional monarchy. The chief of state is the Emperor and the head of government is the Prime Minister. Japan has a...
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...recorded human history. Early Chinese religions were classified into Buddhism and Confucianism. As the culture spread to Japan, citizens of China felt the need to almost force Japan and its citizens to make a choice as to which religion they were going to follow. “Confucianism, a systematic religious belief system, had a lot to say about governance and society and proved attractive for the Japanese,” (Char4u, 2011). As the Japanese found this as a favorable form of religion, they adopted this and have continued with this religion steadfastly. Another way that China influenced Japanese cultures is the language that is now spoken and written. There was a time when Japan did not have a form of written communication or recording. This did not sit well with citizens of China as they had their system of written communication established and felt that other nations and countries needed this. This was considered a favorable change by the emperor at the time and not only did it give Japan a chance to be able to record historic events, it also gave them a chance to provide a sort of unity or a feeling of togetherness in a nation that needed unity. Another way that Japan benefitted from the influence of China was how they helped to form and organize a form of government. “The method of organization of the Imperial Court, a significant element of ancient Chinese culture, was also adopted by the Japanese,” (Char4u, 2011). The fact that Japan adopted the Chinese system of government showed...
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...invasions, Taiwan wouldn't be a problem (Japan took Taiwan away). Tibet wouldn't be a problem (Britain tried to take it away and combine it with its Indian colony, it led to today's problems in Tibet and Britain and India backing the Tibetan separatists). Xinjiang wouldn't be a problem (weak Chinese government due to foreign invasion led to Xinjiang's separatist activities to build East Turkestan which eventually led to terrorism in this province.) Mongolia would still be part of China (Russia backed Outer Mongolia into independence, leaving China with only Inner Mongolia.) Part of the Siberia would still be China. (Part of Siberia used to be Chinese territory but fell to Russian invasions) China was forced in years to pay enormous amount of silver to the western powers, especially Britain and France, which funded the western industrialization and economic boom and greatly destroyed the Chinese economy, millions died in hunger. China's fall led to its lost of political and cultural influence in east and central Asia. Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Philippines, Kazakhstan, etc, all turned away. Western cultural moved into East Asia. On cultural level: Chinese cultural and art no longer had great influence worldwide. Westerner people started to appreciate their own culture and art, Japan turned completely western. People started to appreciate western stuff more than Chinese, from culture, to art, to fashion, to ideology, to everything. Chinese were discriminated throughout the...
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...China (traditional Chinese: 中國; simplified Chinese: 中国) is a cultural region, an ancient civilization, and a nation in East Asia. The last Chinese Civil War has resulted in two nations: The People's Republic of China (PRC), commonly known as China, has control over mainland China and the largely self-governing territories of Hong Kong (since 1997) and Macau (since 1999). The Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as Taiwan, has control over the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu. China has one of the world's oldest civilizations and has the oldest continuous civilization.[1] It has archaeological evidence over 5,000 years old. It also has one of the world's oldest writing systems, and is viewed as the source of many major inventions. The first recorded use of the word "China" is dated 1555.[nb 1][3] It is derived from Cin, a Persian name for China popularized in Europe by Marco Polo. History of China Ancient China was one of the first civilizations. Chinese civilization was also one of the few to invent writing,[2] the others being Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley civilization, the Maya civilization, the Minoan civilization of ancient Greece, and Ancient Egypt.[5] It reached its golden age during the Tang Dynasty (about A.D. 10th century). China is home to some of the oldest artwork in the world. Statues and pottery, as well as decorations made of jade, are some classic examples. China's economy and military weakened during the Qing Dynasty (around the 17th...
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...Influence of Chinese Culture on World Markets China has one of the largest populations in the world, it stands to reason cultural beliefs and trends would hold sway with many of the major manufacturers who sell internationally. Markets such as music, movies, television and video games are all affected by the preferences of one of the largest consuming countries on Earth. If a certain type of movie is popular the time, it’s only reasonable that the movie producers would cater to that. The influences are wide spread and well defined in nearly all forms of pop culture. China, as a nation, is growing very rapidly, both economically and in terms of population. They’re spending power has grown nearly 57% in the last five years alone. This allows them to invest in foreign markets on an immense scale, and therefore hold considerable sway over what is produced and distributed. Industry is moving East, and as such, so is a lot capital which fuels this investment. The continuing growth is expected to be at least 30% in the next year for most major industries. Movies with martial arts sequences tend be very popular. Even if the actors are not themselves of Asian descent, the fighting styles are visually interesting, and therefore the movies do well. Actors like Jet Li, Jacky Chan and many, many more have revolutionized movie making by implementing different forms of karate, tai kwan do and other fighting styles. Movies like The Matrix, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and The Last...
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...A B S T R A C T "The Belt and Road" strategic initiative put forward by China, has a significant influence on the development of international society. At the same time, as a grand strategic initiative, the construction of "The Belt and Road" will also promote the economic development of countries which will participate in the project. The initiative involves so many countries and such a large population, which is unprecedented in the history of China's diplomacy. What’s more, the domestic environment in these nations is complex and pluralistic, which undoubtedly plays an important role in "The Belt and Road". I will explore what opportunities and challenges this initiative will bring to regional and international economic development In this paper, by analyzing the implementation process of the initiative, different attitudes of involved countries and several meaningful accomplishments of the project. Keywords: The Belt and Road Influence Opportunities Challenges 1. Introduction The "Silk Road" in history is the main trade route connecting China and outside world and the core bond between China and outside, through which they can make economic, political and cultural exchanges a lot. To speed up the construction of Chinese new open economy system, China put forward a strategic planning about "Pushing the construction of Silk Road Economic Zone and Maritime Silk Road, and forming a new opening all-round pattern” on the third plenary session of the eighteenth...
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...ESSAY Imagine we are walking on a crowded street in Japan; we could hardly differentiate a Japanese passerby from a Chinese passerby. An obvious reason fact for this is that both Japan and China mainland are within the same geographical area in which they are very much influenced by each other on their living lifestyles. Another reason for that is because Japanese and Chinese were interrelated in their history. In the first centuries A.D based on the Julian calendar, Japanese imported ranges of sources of ideas, production techniques and sets of material from China mainland. Stearns (2000) –‘Thus, the Japanese developed a very unique civilization from a blend of their own culture and a selective importation and conscious refashioning of the Chinese influences.’ The selecting and blending process of these two types of culture had thus resulted in the existence of both similarities and differences between them. Both Japanese and Chinese have identical features in their lifestyle, but they are very much differentiated in their diet as well as clothing. Since Japanese and Chinese are Asians, they inherited some similarities in their lifestyle in the aspect of collectivism, high-context culture and also high-power-distance which are believed to have an impact on communication as mentioned by Devito (2005). As a matter of fact, Japanese and Chinese, both practice the concept of collectivism, which can be said as a group work. Collectivism emphasizes on group goals, and success is...
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...beings such a small island Japan is actually has a huge cultural impact on the world. Most of it's early cultural has been influenced by other countries and empires mainly China and has since the early B.C era of times has evolved into the prosperous culture we have today. Japan today is rich and diverse and unique from any other Asian country and culture today. In Ancient Japan before the the establishment of city states, Japan was no different from any other early civilization were they had many hunter gathering villages and tribes. The men in this culture typically Hunted and the women stayed at home and harvested and domestic work. The thing that make Japan so unique is that other early civilization did not put such a heavy influence on pottery and art like the early Japaneses did. This period in Japaneses history is known as the Jōmon period. Art in this era is consisted of pottery and vases decorated in many beautiful gems such as Jade. Even there weapons had an artistic appeal to it. This early Art influence has molded Japan into the innovative country it is today. The Heian period is noted as the peak of Japan ancient culture were its art and literature are still a very influence part of today's culture. During this time the Chinese involvement in Japan had reduced to a minimal and many Chinese invention were expanded upon and made better and more useful. This advancement of already useful goods is tradition that still has strong impact in japans culture today. With the...
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...• How did the geography influence the isolation of China? To the east lay the vast Pacific Ocean; to the south lay mountain ranges and dense jungles; in the north was the desolate Gobi Desert; and to the west towered the mountains of the Tibetan Plateau. In addition, the territorial extent of the Qing dynasty’s rule played an important part. Its borders stretched further than any other time in China’s history. Everything was in range of the Chinese empire so nobody did need to get additional resources from other countries, therefore making China a self-supplying nation. Also, China was a very difficult nation to access and to depart, due to its significant geography, such as its mountains, jungles and deserts. • What was the “Mandate of Heaven”? The Mandate of Heaven is ancient to Chinese philosophy, since it’s a concept that has been known to...
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...Chapter 8,9,& 10 1. Are Taoism and Confucianism truly religions argue both sides. Taoism and Confucianism are two very different religious traditions of ancient China. Both Taoism and Confucianism cannot clearly be explained as a religion with certain doctrines and rituals as other well –known religions. As religious and social forces, they have coexisted for centuries in China and have spread to other Asian regions. The name Taoism is taken from the title of the book called “Tao Te Ching, which translates to “the way of nature. Taoism is based on the ancient Chinese understanding of the universe. Historically, the origin of Taoist philosophy is unclear, but it is said that the founder of Taoism is Lao-tzu, who lived in the sixth century B.C.E. Taoism can be described in terms of its history and its effects on Chinese people, nut it cannot be clearly delineated as a religion with a certain body of doctrine and rituals of Chinese antiquity. Philosophically, for Taoism, the ideal life is one that is lived in harmony with the way of this shifting nature. By the early centuries of the Common Era, Taoism had been converted into a religion complete with gods, priests, temples and sacrifices. In the modern days, Taoism is mainly associated with charms, exorcisms and magical attempts to prolong life, in which there is a self-generating force called chi (rather than there being a Creator Deity). This force manifests two interplaying aspects: yin and yang. Yin is the dark...
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...When asked to describe the differences between late Japan and China it is likely that a great deal of people will prove unable to name major defining attributes that separate the two neighboring countries in their respective cultures. While Japan and China are very similar in some ways, and throughout history have been known to borrow everything from ideologies to cuisine from each other, it is important to note that there is an insurmountable amount of differences between the two countries across the board. This essay will be focused on addressing some of these major differences within the art of the countries during their later periods starting with the Ming Dynasty of China and the Muromachi period of Japan. It was under the Ming Dynasty,...
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