...Martin Luther King Jr was one of the most positive men in black history. He was a nonviolent man and he made everyone he was with be nonviolent. Martin made a lot of changes in the world today. He wanted everyone in the world with equal rights. Martin Luther King was born on January 15, 1929 to reverend Martin Luther King Sr. King was the middle child. He had a younger brother and an older sister. King father whipped him a lot. His father whipped him until he was fifteen years old. Growing up in Atlanta he attended Booker T. Washington High School. He became known for his public speaking ability and was on his school debate team. He became the youngest assistant manager of a newspaper delivery station for the Atlanta journal at age 13. He...
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...Women of the Civil Rights Movement: The role of women in the Civil Rights Movement In The American Journal of Legal History, Bernie D. Jones reviews the work of Legacies of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Grofman (2000), and describes the ends to the means. The 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act indisputably were effectual for altering the framework of the questionable American life, for the most part in the southern states. As a consequence, both the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 were accountable for the stoppage of vast opposition to the civil rights movement and the fitting fusion into the American Society by African Americans. By way of the Acts, public facilities that avidly participated in segregation became outlawed. Throughout the nation, as a result of the enforcement of the Acts, the former, not so easily attainable education opportunities and employment prospects that consistently had been refused, now, awarded African Americans impressively large supporting political control. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 pioneered immeasurably. Women were given distinctive safeguarding subject to employment discrimination law. Emphatically, invigorating the women’s movement, consequently, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 served movements of other ethnic civil rights. (p. xvi) VOICE OF OMISSION No other group in America has so had their identity socialized out of existence as have black women. We are rarely...
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...applied as correctly it was intended to, reasonable and just. Every law has its purpose, and there are many laws for every situation. This also applies to business. There are many laws addressed for the business environment and for every situation in it. The purpose of this laws in business, are intended to ensure that all business related issues and situations are running properly, without affecting their businesses and customers, and/or any consequences in between. In the case of companies, laws are addressed for them to comply correctly and properly with the function and purpose of their business, employees and customers. There are also in the business environment, the labor area, laws that are intended to protect the employees and their right as workers. And there are also many laws addressed to protect and ensure the best interest for the customers. But in business and more importantly addressed to companies, there are laws that prevents them to dominated markets too aggressively and/or completely, or controlling it at all. These laws are mostly as monopoly’s laws, which are addressed directly to prevent any monopoly action or state from any company. These normally are intended for bigger or larger companies, that are seen to be growing in and aggressive way or that their action on the market are seen as an apparently monopoly action, for example, when a company buy, acquires or merge with another company, giving a significance growth and dominance over the market. These action...
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... There are times when employees must take time off such as for the birth of a newborn, care of a newborn, adoption of a child etc,. Under The Family Medical Leave Act the employer is required to give an employee their exact job or a similar job as they had prior to leave. The pay and benefits are also required to be the same. Age discrimination is when an applicant or employee is treated differently because of their age. The Age Discrimination Act prohibits discrimination against persons over the age of forty and restricts mandatory retirement requirements, except where age is a bona fide occupational qualification. (Mathis, 2008) This law prohibits discrimination in any facet of employment, such as hiring, firing and pay. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. (Mathis, 2008) The purpose of this act is to require employers to consider only job-related criteria when making employment...
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...T.V.E.E History 222 Short Paper John Moss Professor Gunshore History 222 African American History Since 1877 January 21, 2012 Topic: Women in the Civil Right Movement Women played a significance role in the Civil Rights Movement Viewpoint: Women played a major role in the Civil Rights Movement Evidence: “?[Women in the Civil Rights Movement] helps break the gender line that restricted women in civil rights history to background and backstage roles, and places them in front, behind, and in the middle of the Southern movement that re-made America. . . . It is an invaluable resource which helps set history straight.” —1 Four of the six women were born in nineteenth century but five of them died in this century: Wells-Barnett in 1931; Terrell in 1954; Bethune in 1955; Roosevelt in 1962; Baker in 1986; Parks is still alive. There are also some common threads that weave their way through each of these women’s lives. They all valued education, not just formal schooling but a love of learning making them truly life long learners. Each woman kept her mind open to new possibilities and each cared deeply about people 2 In 1963, for example, Betty Friedan, founder of the National Organization for Women, published The Feminine Mystique, which exposed the strict and confining gender roles instilled in U.S. society in the 1950s and 1960s -- and, arguably, today 3 Ida Wells-Barnett was one of two black women to sign the call for the formation of the National Association for...
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...from banishment from local parks, street, and alleys. They have even been fined and jailed under these various types of banishments ordinances. Have their constitutional rights been violated? City ordinances are being created to run the homeless individuals out of the city limits, and to move the problem to other cities or jurisdictions. The complaints are being forged by citizens, merchants, and law enforcement agencies that deal directly with the homeless. Cities like Palo Alto, and Seattle have passed sit-and-lie ordinances. In addition, they have also passed statutes prohibiting soliciting, panhandling, consumption of alcohol in public places. These statutes are directly intended for the homeless, and city officials continue to target the homeless. The homeless do not have the funds to pay for fines imposed by local courts; this type of practice only reconfirms those cities continually trying to make it difficult for the homeless. The ordinance opponents are from the civil rights groups, church groups, and the homeless that have continuingly oppose new ordnances for the sake of bettering city images and business sales. Since the sit-and-lie ordinances have been upheld in federal court in 1994, city councils around the country have passed similar controversial ordinances. The American Civil Liberties Union appealed to the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals and lost on a 2 to 1 decision in 1996. Although, Judge Harry Pregerson feels that the ordinance was unconstitutional...
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...Based on some inquiries and research, I have found that Mr. Smith’s reasoning to support his claim against our company under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and constructive discharge was directly related to our company’s implementation of the work schedule policy. Mr. Smith claims that the constructive discharge is a legal ground for him since this new policy made work intolerable and has directly impacted his decision to resign. He affirmed that he indeed has a case and that his legal right under the constructive discharge is justifiable and relevant. Mr. Smith argued that when he checked the calendar for the four days on and four days off, he found that he will be forced to work at least two of these holy days per month when his work schedule was Monday thru Friday previously. He also stated that the new work schedule also demands a 12 hour day impacts him and again, directly influenced his decision to quit. Mr. Smith alleges that his religious rights under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 were violated when he was forced to work on holy days and this is a religious observance that is protected under the Act. He feels that he has grounds by proving that this changed was motivated by greed on the company’s part and not by necessity. Mr. Smith felt confident that he can prove that there is no undue hardship that has effected this change by the employer, yet there will be undue hardship for the employees that value their religious...
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...MEMO To: CEO From: Date: Re: Constructive Discharge case Message: With respect to the case filed by a former employee against the company under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, constructive discharge, I would like to draw your attention towards the legalities of constructive discharge. Constructive discharge occurs when employees resign because their employer's behavior has become so intolerable or heinous or made life so difficult that the employee has no choice but to resign (Constructive dismissal). Since the employee is required to work on his religious holiday so it can be considered as a case of constructive discharge. It is unlawful if an employer discriminates against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual’s race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. (Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964). Here, the employee can raise issue based on discrimination based on religion. As a way to avoid constructive discharge case, we can introduce flexibility in the working days, the employees may be having certain reservations in working on a particular day, the same can be asked beforehand before finalizing the days for the employees. Also, flexibility in terms of shift can be provided to the employees. Secondly we need to sensitize the issue to the employees of our company that the decision has been taken to increase the productivity of the company and will help us...
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...under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, constructive discharge, on the charges that the company requires its workers to work on religious holidays. The reason for this charge is the introduction of 12-hour shifts with four days at work. These four days can start any day of the week. This rotating shift is the reason for the case against the company (Sullivan, & Craig. C, 2008). Constructive discharge is a legal term which means that employees resign because their employer's behavior has become so monstrous or made the life so difficult for the employees that they may consider themselves to be fired. The employee must prove that behavior of the employer was unlawful or a breach of contract. The fact that the employee left after the new policy came into force and that according to the employee it infringed on his religious rights is the basis of his claims for constructive discharge. According to the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, employers are prohibited from discrimination in employment based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. Under this law denying a reasonable accommodation of an employee's sincerely held religious beliefs or practices, if an accommodation will not impose more than a diminished cost or burden on business operation is discrimination. So, imposition of compulsory 12-hour shifts requiring work on any day of the week has been construed to be religious discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964(Perritt...
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...learning the country’s customs and language is an important step to being able to better communicate with the local business people. I think that learning the language is a good way to show the people you are going to be working with that you are serious about what you are trying to accomplish. Learning about the customs will help you to understand better the people you are working with. This will also help you to try not to make any offending gestures or remarks. Some ethical issues from globalization are workplace conditions, workers rights and respect for local customs and cultures. A manager coming from America is most likely to be offended when they see how some people have to work. As Americans we are used to working conditions that are favorable and geared to the employee’s comfort. In other countries this is not the case. The workers in other countries are not always protected by their civil rights, and may not even know what civil rights are. This is where local customs and culture come in. It is better for a manager to study the customs and culture of the country they are going to be living in so they are not surprised or caught off guard. This also includes the spouse and family of the manager. If the spouse and family are educated on the county and their customs and culture, it makes for a smoother...
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...The year of 1963 was not only a gruesome, dark year for the U.S. but it was a pivotal point in Civil Rights Movement. I know it’s hard to believe that America was in a horrible state then it is now but it’s true. For example can you believe that segregation was a common thing back then? Matter of fact in January Governor of Alabama, George Wallace, delivered a speech that segregation was something that was needed for the nation. Shortly a couple of months after civil rights activist took to the streets to protest but that turned into one of the most horrific scenes in our nation history. They were viciously attacked by dogs and sustain by fire hoses. A few weeks after this there was a small incident at University of Alabama were two black students were not accepted in by Gov. Wallace but he was overruled by President John F. Kennedy. He also gave a speech that same night saying he was going to present a civil rights bill to the Congress. Just as things were looking for Civil Rights Movement one of their infamous and one of their major leaders, Medgar Evers, was murdered outside his Mississippi home by the KKK that same night. But on August 28, 1963 the whole world would change as we know it because on this day Martin Luther King Dr. delivered the famous “I Have A Dream” speech at the March on Washington. This is probably one of most influential speeches ever given in American History. Just as things were looking like they were about to change for good, church bombs begin to happen...
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...Women Movement of 1960s Women Movement of 1960s In this paper I am going to discuss how my own life would be different if one specific event of the 1960s had never occurred. I also would like to discuss how this event influenced my course of study and my choice of career path and how different my life would be if this event had never taken place. The event I am speaking of is The Women’s Movement if the 10960’s. Background Since the rise of dawn women have been treated as second class citizens and unequal to men. They were not given equal rights regarding their education, health, career and other aspects of their lives. In many civilizations women are treated as slaves and men considered them their property. From the beginning of History women are considered to be inferior to men. Even scholars, learned men and socialists of the early age called women as the greatest source of temptation and evil. Women were treated second-rated not only by the social norms, but also by the religion. Many religions of the world considered women as a species to gratify male hunger and produce his offspring. Civilizations were of the views that as women are physically weaker than men in the same way they have weaker mental abilities and powers. Even Christian Fathers gave humiliated statements about women e.g. St Jerome, Latin Father of Christian Church has said “Women is the gate of Devil, the Path of Wickedness, the Sting of the Serpent, in the World...
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...Republic of the Philippines SUPREME COURT Manila EN BANC G.R. No. 101083 July 30, 1993 JUAN ANTONIO, ANNA ROSARIO and JOSE ALFONSO, all surnamed OPOSA, minors, and represented by their parents ANTONIO and RIZALINA OPOSA, ROBERTA NICOLE SADIUA, minor, represented by her parents CALVIN and ROBERTA SADIUA, CARLO, AMANDA SALUD and PATRISHA, all surnamed FLORES, minors and represented by their parents ENRICO and NIDA FLORES, GIANINA DITA R. FORTUN, minor, represented by her parents SIGRID and DOLORES FORTUN, GEORGE II and MA. CONCEPCION, all surnamed MISA, minors and represented by their parents GEORGE and MYRA MISA, BENJAMIN ALAN V. PESIGAN, minor, represented by his parents ANTONIO and ALICE PESIGAN, JOVIE MARIE ALFARO, minor, represented by her parents JOSE and MARIA VIOLETA ALFARO, MARIA CONCEPCION T. CASTRO, minor, represented by her parents FREDENIL and JANE CASTRO, JOHANNA DESAMPARADO, minor, represented by her parents JOSE and ANGELA DESAMPRADO, CARLO JOAQUIN T. NARVASA, minor, represented by his parents GREGORIO II and CRISTINE CHARITY NARVASA, MA. MARGARITA, JESUS IGNACIO, MA. ANGELA and MARIE GABRIELLE, all surnamed SAENZ, minors, represented by their parents ROBERTO and AURORA SAENZ, KRISTINE, MARY ELLEN, MAY, GOLDA MARTHE and DAVID IAN, all surnamed KING, minors, represented by their parents MARIO and HAYDEE KING, DAVID, FRANCISCO and THERESE VICTORIA, all surnamed ENDRIGA, minors, represented by their parents BALTAZAR and TERESITA ENDRIGA, JOSE MA. and REGINA...
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...A Women’s Civil Right The speech ”A Women’s Civil Right” was written in 1969 and the feminist author Betty Friedan delivered it. Betty Friedan was a proponent of the modern women’s movement and claimed that women in 1969 and onwards should not be trapped in the stereotypical housewife role. Friedan was convinces that social barriers in the society kept women imprisoned in “the housewife trap”. She wanted women to have better career opportunities, introduce equality with men and to eliminate the illusion of “the happy housewife”. This specific speech announces that abortion should be a part of a women’s civil right. Betty Friedan singles out women to be the invisible minority in America. The invisible women in the American society are the ones who take an active share in the important resolution of the government and not the women who take care of the domestic duties. Friedan compares the invisibility of forward-looking women to the Afro-American permanent residents in America. For many years, the Afro-American people in the U.S. have been the invisible section of the population in the Southern states. Racial segregation in America became a crucial part of life until the segregation legally ended in 1964 because of the Civil Rights Act. The blacks were in those days invisible according to their voting rights. The voting rights of blacks were systematically restricted because the black’s voting papers did not manage to be registered. Many Afro-American were killed because...
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...Axia College Material Appendix C Leaders and Legislation of the Civil Rights and Black Power Movements Identify leaders of the Civil Rights and Black Power movements and their contributions to their respective causes. How did these social pioneers forge the way for this important ratification? What legislation was relevant during these critical times? Part I Complete the following matrix by identifying 7 to 10 leaders or legislative events from both the Civil Rights and Black Power movements. The first leader is provided as a model. |Leader and Associated |Date(s) |Organization and/or Cause |Contribution | |Legislation, if any | | | | |A. Philip Randolph |1941 |Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, which |His threat to march on Washington to protest | | | |fought Discrimination |discriminatory treatment caused former | | | | |President Franklin D. Roosevelt to react with | | | | |new policies on job discrimination. | |Booker T. |1856 |Tuskegee Institute |Became the head of the Tuskegee Institute...
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