...During the American Civil War, one of the most decisive battles was fought between two iconic leaders, Brigadier-General Samuel D. Sturgis and Major-General Nathan Bedford Forrest. The Battle of Brice’s Crossroads was a true underdog story of how a battle is won through strategic understanding of the current situation and the ability to outsmart your opponent. Though greatly outmanned, MG Nathan Bedford Forrest was able to take his Confederate Force of only 3,500 cavalrymen and defeat the 4,800 infantrymen and 3,300 cavalrymen of Brigadier-General Sturgis Union Army. MG Forrest’s ability to employ his artillery along his enemy’s intended avenues of approach and predict his courses of action gave him the tactical advantage. MG Forrest’s unconventional employment of his artillery maximized its effect and resulted in Brigadier-General Samuel D. Sturgis’ sound defeat and capture of more than 1,600 prisoners of war, 18 cannons and numerous supply wagons (Evans, 1899). In March of 1864, prior to MG Sturgis’ defeat at Brice’s Crossroads, a bigger war was being fought between LG Ulysses S. Grant and General Robert E Lee which would mold the battle to come. LG Grant had devised a plan to...
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...| Course SyllabusCollege of HumanitiesHIS/115 Version 3U.S. History to 1865 | Copyright © 2011, 2009, 2008 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides an overview of the social, political, economic, and global events that have shaped the American scene from colonial times through the Civil War period. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Schultz, K. M. (2012). HIST2, Volume 1 (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. All electronic materials are available on the student website. Week One: Contact, Settlement, Slavery | | Details | Due | Points | Objectives | 1.1 Describe the clash of cultures that took place in North America between the Native Americans, colonists, and Black slaves. 1.2 Describe the establishment of early colonies. 1.3 Describe the development of regional differences among the...
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...Civil War Paper Nery Tejada University of Phoenix HIS/110 U.S. History to 1865 Shannon Gerlach ON14E3CF January 16, 2015 Civil War The Civil War the conflict that in many ways created a nation, the deadliest war in American history nearly 620,000 soldiers and civilians died in this war. The war between southern states called confederacy against the United States federal government, the war that lasted for four years in which the North defeated the South. There are many reason of why the North or the Union won the fight, for instance, large amounts of land available for growing food crops which served the dual purpose of providing food for its hungry soldiers and money for its growing industries. The South, on the other hand, devoted most of what arable land it had exclusively to its Principal cash produce from cotton. Raw materials were almost entirely concentrated in Northern mines and refining industries. Railroads and telegraph lines, the veritable lifelines of any army, traced paths all across the Northern countryside but left the South isolated. Another fact that helped the South to win the war was that at the beginning of the Civil War there was approximately 22 million of people living there versus the south with only 9 million of people living there. From those 9 million 4 million were slaves however South soldier were more skilled than northern soldier. General Robert E. Lee was not a brilliant General thanks to him 52...
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...The Civil War is a dark mark on America's History, that helped define who we are today. Brothers fighting brothers, fathers fighting sons, and families devastated over a fear of change and compromise. Change, compromise, and leadership are all needed for a nation to succeed, but is bloodshed necessary to achieve success. Our land is stained with fathers and sons who believed that bloodshed was necessary to achieve greatness. The Civil War is a blemish on the history of the United States of America, but a necessary blemish. Historian Shelby Foote said, "Any understanding of this nation has to be based...on an understanding of the Civil War...The Civil War defined us as what we are, and it opened us to being what we became, good and bad things. It is necessary if you're going to understand the American character in the 20th century to learn about this enormous catastrophe of the mid-19th century. It was the crossroads of our beginning." (Burns & Burns, 1990) Any American can look at her words and instantly see a meaning, the meanings may differ but each American relates. The words "It was a crossroads to a beginning", show that America was divided and the war reunited America as a unified nation. Without the bloodshed and sacrifice, America would look quite different. Many nations or none at all could have been the result, but the truth is that the North and the South needed each other for survival. America was founded in freedom, which came in many forms. Her...
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...Civil War Paper` Historian Shelby Foote said, “Any understanding of this nation has to be based . . . on an understanding of the Civil War. . . . The Civil War defined us as what we are, and it opened us to being what we became, good and bad things. It is very necessary if you’re going to understand the American character in the 20th century to learn about this enormous catastrophe of the mid-19th century. It was the crossroads of our being” (Burns & Burns, 1990). Moreover, he stated that “ basing any understanding of this nation is really based on the understanding of the Civil War”….. what lead up to the civil war was our involvement with the European Wars and the Revolution lead to our country’s Independence. The civil war defines the United States as a country based on Independence and freedom; we would not stand strongly if divided with free and slave men. This was inhumane. The war defined us as a country of freedom for all. It made way for freedom for all African Americans, and restricted slavery in all territories and states, leaving it behind in the course of history. However, decades of facing more obstacles it gave way to equal rights to both African Americans and all women. I think Foote meant that it defines the U.S. as united we stand divided we fall. That all men are created equal, that is what our country is based on, and to understand that you need a strong comprehension of what the country went through to have those rights. It is what makes this country...
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...University Of Phoenix Civil War Paper By Shane Iverson 12/23/2012 HIS/115 The Civil war was a huge war fought over territories and freedom. Over 600,000 Americans lost their lives in this war, with the North having been more effected. The North had no regrets about the war. They were satisfied that the slaves were free, and the Union was preserved. The South began to glorify what they called “the lost cause”. The generals from the south became mythic heroes. As they looked back at the war they almost regretted surrendering. Historian Shelby Foote left us with this note. “Any understanding of this nation has to be based . . . on an understanding of the Civil War. . . . The Civil War defined us as what we are, and it opened us to being what we became, good and bad things. It is very necessary if you’re going to understand the American character in the 20th century to learn about this enormous catastrophe of the mid-19th century. It was the crossroads of our being”. What does this tell us about the United States? What did Foote mean when he spoke these words? We may also think to ourselves. Why didn’t the South win? There leaders were supposedly brilliant and they lost fewer men then the North, right? What did Historian Shelby Foote mean in his quote above? He is saying that it is necessary to learn about this huge catastrophe that happened in...
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...The Effects of the Civil War on Americans Sophia Taylor HIS/110 November 3, 2014 Frank Bird The Effects of the Civil War on Americans The Civil War had a major effect on the United States and where we are today. Historian Shelby Foote said, Any understanding of this nation has to be based…on an understanding of the Civil War . . . The Civil War defined us as what we are, and it opened us to being what we became, good and bad things. It is very necessary if you’re going to understand the American character in the 20th century to learn about this enormous catastrophe of the mid-19th century. It was the crossroads of our being. Burns, K. & Burns, R. (Writers). (1990). Episode 1: The cause (1861). In K. Burns (Producer), The Civil War. Arlington, VA: Public Broadcasting Service. What I think Foote meant in this quote was that we are free today because of the Civil War. If it had not been for the north and south fighting we would not be free today. Indivisible Union The north and the south wanted control of the states. The states wanted to relinquish control to the federal government. I think that Foote was saying that with the Civil War we were able to gain control. If it had not been for all the fighting with the north and the south we would not have came to any agreement. So one thing that had a lot to do with the Civil War was slavery. Northerners felt slavery was essentially against what America stood for, Southerners depended on slavery to maintain their...
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...The study of the American Civil War is a prolific topic in the field of history. Historians continue to write about the war in many different ways from the social, political, military and economic causes and repercussions of the war. James McPherson has continued this field of study in his book Crossroads of Freedom: Antietam. The book examined the importance of the Battle of Antietam on the results of the Civil War. On September 17th, 1862 the Battle of Antietam, the single bloodiest day in American history, was fought in Maryland. McPherson’s book examines not only the battle itself but also the events before and after the battle. The book focuses on the political, social and diplomatic repercussions of the battle for both the Confederacy and the Union. McPherson used newspapers, documents, correspondence, person letters, diaries, memoirs, images, maps and other books to prove how the Battle of Antietam may have not been the only deciding outcome of the Civil War but can be viewed as a pivotal turning point in the war. “Antietam was arguable,...
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...Eric Yarger HIS/115 The Civil War in my opinion was a war that could have been avoided if each state could have acted as a whole nation rather than an individual state. This war divided our country and in some areas today they still seem to be fighting the same battle that the north and south fought. The Civil War took place over much of this great nation and as a whole experienced a great loss of life. Between both sides, civilian and even Native Americans over 600,000 deaths were recorded. There were probably many others that were not recorded. Even thought the north lost more soldiers than the south, they won the war which ended up in end of slavery. The south called their part of the war “the lost cause”. According to historian Shelby Foote; “Any understanding of this nation has to be based . . . on an understanding of the Civil War. . . . The Civil War defined us as what we are, and it opened us to being what we became, good and bad things. It is very necessary if you’re going to understand the American character in the 20th century to learn about this enormous catastrophe of the mid-19th century. It was the crossroads of our being.” I feel Foote wrote this so people could understand that the Civil War was the event in history that has made us the nation that we are today. The Civil War has taught us a nation about what we have lost and what we have gained. It also has taught us that if we were to work at something we believe in we can achieve it. To fully...
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...The American Civil War Jill Ayala HIS/115 February 19, 2012 Jody Ault The American Civil War “In the course of four years, more than 2% of the population of the United State lost their lives in the American Civil War, between 618,000 and 700,000 people” (American Civil War, 2012). Never before or since has there been such a tragic event occur. There are many different opinions regarding the American Civil, why it occurred, and what the actual reasons for the War were. A Nation Divided In 1861 the American Civil War erupted after many years of conflicts between the North (the Union) and the South (the Confederacy). These conflicts included western expansion, States rights versus federal authority, and slavery. With the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 seven Southern states (South Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama) declared their succession from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America. Four more states (Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia, and Arkansas) joined the Confederation after start of the Civil War. The Confederates wanted to remain slave State. The Union wanted to bring the country back together as one single, unified nation. Why the North Won the Civil War In 1860 he South’s population was 1/3 slaves. The South relied heavily on the slave trade and not only wanted but needed the slave trade to continue for economic purposes. They wanted to become and independent nation...
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...Civil War Paper Jennifer Ayala HIS/115 October 21, 2012 Kathy Buhe Civil War Paper The mid-19th century is a historic period in the history of the United States, one that shaped the nation we now know. In the year 1861, the tension that had long been brewing between the north and south exploded and led the nation to war. The catalyst was Abraham Lincoln’s victory in the presidential election. As an anti-slavery Republican, the southern states feared his agenda and chose to secede from the Union. The Confederate States of America was formed and the refusal of said states to rejoin the Union led to a Civil War, neighbor against neighbor, each fighting for what they believed to be right. The four years of the war were costly, both in monetary value and lives lost; and the effects were long lasting, shaping the nation into what it would become and stand for, even over a century later. The Civil War, often referred to as The War Between the States, lasted four years, from 1861-1865, and shaped the nation of America into what it currently is. Historian Shelby Foote spent a great deal of time researching this monumental period of American history to pen her famous civil war narrative. Foote believed that the Civil War defined the nation and that to understand the character of America, it is important to study this war. What I believe Foote meant was that the nation was at a crossroads. It was deeply divided and no longer could it continue on as such. Either the nation would...
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...the high seas, but never over territorial sea of another state -Art.1 1944 Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation: “every state has complete and exclusive sovereignty over the space above its territory” -It is a serious breach of international law for a state to order to violate the air space of another state (for e.g. USA military aircraft attacked, forced to land or shot down by Hungary, USSR, Czechoslovakia-a number of incidents) -Does the states have an unlimited right to attack intruding aircraft in all circumstances? -Lissitzyn principle (from 1953)-important (book!) -Some states support Lissitzyn principle and that flexible approach to civil aircraft as well as military craft, but other states including ICAO-International Civil Aviation Organization, believe that civil aircraft must never be attacked in such circumstances -The rule that (it is not indeed a rule) trespassing civil aircraft must never be attacked does not mean that they have a legal right to trespass -Assembly of ICAO in 1984 adopted an amendment to 1944 Chicago Conv. On the Int. Civil Aviation which confirms that “every state, in the exercise of its sovereignty is entitled to require the landing at some designated airport of a civil aircraft flying above its territory without authority.” and that “every state must refrain from resorting to use of weapons against civil aircraft in flight and that, in case of interception, the lives of persons on board and the safety of aircraft must...
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...Evaluating the role of ethnic identity in explaining the occurrence of contemporary civil conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa. High hopes for many newly independent states of Africa became diminished as the 1990s saw over a quarter of the continent's states facing armed insurgencies within their borders (Young, 2002: 534). Commentators often point to pathological, deep-seated hatreds in an African tribal mosaic as the bases of such conflict. The fact is, however, that the continent is awash with political grudges, ethnically-framed and otherwise, but civil wars rarely break out. Thus this essay seeks to take a more nuanced approach to understand the analytical challenge posed by such disorder. Starting out by countering the centrality of ethnic identity, it firstly seeks to demonstrate that ethnic identities do not exist primordially, but that they are constructed on weak foundations. Secondly it endeavours to show that where cleavages do exist along lines of cultural difference, simple heterogeneity is insufficient to account for the outbreak of conflict. Next, it moves to underline the fact that more important in explaining civil conflict is whether such conflict is feasible. This is understood both in terms of the perceived capacity of the state and in terms of the viability of insurgency for would-be rebels. A final conclusion will then be expounded that ethnicity is not a central factor, but that it is simply one of a number of strategies under which conflict may be framed...
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...predecssors. “The Arab Spring” as it was called began in Tunisia and spread across the region (Al Jazeera). The protestors in this revolt wanted a myriad of things. Some wanted democracy, respect for civil rights, and some want Islamization of government and a movement to theocracy. Syria, once a province of the Ottoman Empire, is a small middle-eastern nation between Lebanon and Turkey. In March 2011, pro-Democracy Arab Spring protestors who were marching to decry the arrest and torture of teen graffiti artists were fired upon by police. After the shootings, many more protestors joined the public displays of defiance (BBC ). After nationwide unrest and a refusal by President Assad to abdicate, the protestors began to arm themselves (Semple). The violence in the country escalated so quickly that by June of 2013, 90,000 people had been killed in the fighting and that number moved to 250,000 by August of 2015 (BBC ). Into the fray came the self-stylized Islamic State. This terrorist group which is opposed to Assad is fighting to create a Muslim caliphate throughout Iraq and Syria. In June of 2014, the group claimed that it’s caliphate had been established, which lead to US airstrikes to destroy the group, thus entering another belligerent into the fight (BBC). The Syrian Civil War was killed more than 250,000 people and approximately 11-12 million of the nation’s 22 million people are displaced. Approximately 6.5 million people are displaced inside of the country, with ~4.5...
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...Monrovia Civil War Massina Ballah Strayer University English 090 Professor Delicia Battle August 10, 2012 Monrovia Civil war Many years of war that suffered thousands of people, and many dead. As a result of this, there were no food or medication. Moreover, a war that many thought will never come to an end. Monrovia war, a war that started early Monday morning april 6, 1990. A bright sunny day. Women and children running to save their lives. From a distance, I heard a very big sound of machine guns, bullet flying all over the place. We all ran for safety. As a got dark, it was a terrible night I didn’t know what to do. I felt stomach sick, because of the heavy guns sound. After many hours sitting in the house, I felt that this is the end of our lives. The next day the rebels told us to get out of the house. While working out there, there were many dead bodies in the street. I was afraid, especially my first time looking, and working over dead bodies. We walked for many hours. When it was night time, we slept in a school building. Women were taken from their husband by rebels. I knew that it was not safe for us. No one to protect us. We didn’t have safe drinking water. We drank from the creek, or the riverside. After many day of struggles, we had no food to eat, or medication. My elder brother got ill. We needed medicine. There were no medicine. My brother sickness got worst and he died. I felt so bad. My brother and I were so closed . He was everything...
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