...she provides from the records of the Inquisition prove that these New Christians struggled with their identity. These people did not fit in with the Old Christians or the Jews. They were in the middle, trying to balance their personal lives that were blended into both the Christian and Jewish world. In trying to understand the inspiration for writing this book, it is imperative to understand the author. Renee Levine Melammed is the Dean of Jewish History at the Schechter Institute of Jewish Studies in Jerusalem. She attended Brandeis University, where she received her PhD in Jewish women studies. She has written two books in which she received two National Jewish Book Awards. Her first book is titled Heretics or Daughters of Israel: The Crypto-Jewish Women of Castile. Her second book, A Question of Identity: Iberian Conversos in Historical Perspective, was written in 2004, and is the one being reviewed in this essay. In analyzing how successful this book has been, it is important to examine how fellow scholars have received it. One has read, and examined three different reviews. The three reviews are by: Horacio Chiong Rivero - The Sixteenth Century Journal, Enrique García Santo-Tomás – Iberoamericana, and David Graizbord - The American Historical Review. All three reviews take a completely different approach in how they view this piece of literature. Horacio Chiong Rivero gives a positive review of this book. He states that Melammed has made important and significant contributions...
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...1.2 The most important indicator of the main advantages is that it is a very decent way to organize large amounts of data, it is very easy analysis and interpretation. On the other hand, it also has some limitations, and, although it was originally described, and I, and many other factors, however, some differences can be avoided in the same column, if you only measure the relative standard 1.3 Yes, the indicators, I can be applied to other areas of management. For example, matrics service center employee performance, management urged him to take the number, the time required, he resolved customer inquiries, and his average idle time. A performance factor, you can rely on indicators to measure and manage. 3. Pavlov discovered classical conditioning. Learning conditions of the reaction, including the establishment of a conditioned stimulus and unconditional stimulus response association between the call of the conditions, it is the response to be unconditional performance. Stimulation, a striking and neutral, are paired, neutral conditioned stimulus, therefore, the reaction conditions to stimulate the nature of the needs and conditions (which is the same as the original unconditional response.) , Who found the operant conditioning, Skinner believes that the function of behavior and its consequences. People learn to get what they want or avoid something they do not want. Management behavior is voluntary or reflexive learning or not learning behavior opposite...
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...helps the child in reading correctly whilst enjoying the story. I think that when this is achieved by all publishers, then children will not find it difficult to pick up a book in Arabic and read it with pleasure I was informed that some government departs were helping their employees (Emiratis and other Arabic speaking workers) to improve their Arabic. They call the series ‘قل و لا تقل’ which roughly translates as ‘Say, and don’t say’ something like: say this….but do not say this because it is wrong. This title is popular and there is a TV series that has the same title, the format is that each show has a theme, each week the presenter shows examples of how people misuse words or phrases and then shows the correct usage. It is all in classical Arabic and aims to improve the use of words amongst native speakers who have along the way picked up bad habits in their language use. “Arabic books are boring, and hard to read. They are just too preachy,” was the consensus. http://www.scribd.com/doc/37869835/%E2%80%9CArabizi%E2%80%9D-A-Contemporary-Style-of-Arabic-slang “Arabizi” is a slang term (slang: vernacular, popular informal speech) describing a system of writing Arabic using English charac-ters. This term comes from two words “arabi” (Arabic) and “engliszi” (English). The actual word would be “3rabizi” if...
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...Xonepro Xonepro PSY/300 PSY/300 Phobias & Addictions Week 2 Individual Assignment Phobias & Addictions Week 2 Individual Assignment Explore how phobias can be developed through classical conditioning. In doing some research on the topic of classical conditioning, I have come to learn that it is a way of training so to speak, where a conditioned response is learned through conditioning the individual, be it animal or human. Basically, one learns that if you do this one action, another will follow in response; a reaction to one’s action. This reaction can be either a reward or a punishment. For instance, you train a dog to do a trick such as, shake hands or roll over. You do this while holding a treat to entice the animal to do said trick. Once the trick is done, the pet then reaps the reward. After doing this many times, the pet then knows that if it does this trick, it will get a treat. Now in the case of classical conditioned phobias in humans, perhaps one of the most common is the fear of spiders, also known as arachnophobia. This is more of a natural happening as one perhaps is bitten or is woken at night with a spider crawling on them. We are told that spiders bite and they are poisonous which creates a natural fear of them and the way they look does not help either. I think even more interesting than people fearing them are the people that do not fear spiders. Another phobia would be that of glossophobia, which is the fear of public speaking or speech...
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...Name ___________Anna Marie Herbold_________________________ Motion in 2D Simulation Go to HYPERLINK "http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Motion_in_2D" http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Motion_in_2D and click on Run Now. 1) Once the simulation opens, click on ‘Show Both’ for Velocity and Acceleration at the top of the page. Now click and drag the red ball around the screen. Make 3 observations about the blue and green arrows (also called vectors) as you drag the ball around. 1. The green vector seems to be always longer than the blue vector. 2. When the ball is moved quickly, only the blue vector travels forwards and backwards. The green only travels forwards. 3. If you drag the ball slowly around, the green vector is visible but the blue vector seems to disappear. 2) Which color vector (arrow) represents velocity and which one represents acceleration? How can you tell? Acceleration is the green vector and velocity is the blue vector. For example, when you drag the ball slowly the blue vector is hardly seen because there is very little velocity when moving at a slow pace. The green vector is seen because this is acceleration which is a change in speed, which is happening at even a slow pace. 3) Try dragging the ball around and around in a circular path. What do you notice about the lengths and directions of the blue and green vectors? Describe their behavior in detail below. The lengths of the vectors seem to...
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...Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning is a type of learning which can explain how we develop fears, phobias and other emotional reactions, and food aversions. Ian Pavlov (1849 – 1936) was the first to study it formally. Pavlov was studying dogs digestive processes. Dogs automatically salivate when food arrives in their mouths, but after being in the experimental situation for a while, they would salivate in anticipation of the food arriving, as if they had learned to recognise the signs that the food was on its way. Pavlov took control of these signs and showed that dogs could be trained to salivate to bells, lights, and cardboard shapes instead of food. The classical conditioning process works like this: There must first of all be an innate reflex action, an automatic involuntary response to a stimulus. E.g. blinking, salivation, startle, these are the areas that are under the control of the autonomic nervous system. Such reflexes consist of an unconditional stimulus (UCS) which brings about an unconditional response.(UCR) The experimenter presents a neutral stimulus just before or along with the UCS. The new stimulus is called a conditioned stimulus (CS), Conditional means dependent upon learning. The UCR occurs as before. After several pairings of the CS and UCS the CS alone will be enough to bring about the UCR. The animal now has a new conditioned reflex. The model gives us an explanation for all kinds of learned behaviour. Watson and Rayner (1920) classically...
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...Little Albert and Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning may be defined as; a kind of associative learning where two stimuli happen in a combined as well as frequent manner because of which, they ultimately become linked with each other. The outcome of this union is that each stimulus sooner or later generates an identical response. In fact, this technique is applied in behavioral training in which Unconditioned Stimulus (US) is paired with and leads towards the Conditioned Stimulus (CS) until the conditioned stimulus unaccompanied is enough to bring out the response (Abell et al., 1999). To understand it clearly, there is need to recall the experiment performed by John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner in 1920. Watson suggested that psychological researches should be based merely on apparent behaviors and due to this viewpoint, his research was related with conditioning of fear (learned). He demonstrated above conditioning via usual procedures including association of stimuli, and research subject chosen by him for the purpose was an 11-month old child Albert. Albert was an extremely firm infant who hardly ever exhibited fear of anything involving the white rat present in laboratory, but Watson and Rayner noticed that he was afraid of loud noises (Unconditioned Stimulus). They decided to implement this innate fear response (Unconditioned Response (UR)) shown by Albert as a tool in their study. So; they created piercing sound by striking a big steel pipe with hammer. ...
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...U01a1 Future of Organizing BUS4012 July 13, 2013 What are some main points and theories discussed in the Margaret Wheatley interview? 1. Order Can Emerge Out Of Chaos 2. Information informs us and forms us 3. Relationships are all there is 4. Vision is an invisible field 5. In order to survive in a world of change and chaos, we will need to: A. Accept chaos as an essential process by which natural systems, including organizations, renew and revitalize them B. Share information as the primary organizing force in any organization C. Develop the rich diversity of relationships that are all around us to energize our teams D. Embrace vision as an invisible field that can enable us to recreate our workplaces and our world. To Wheatley, the clockwork universe presented by Newtonian physics is an adequate model in a static world that thrives on predictability. The hierarchical structures of modern organizations and contemporary models of leadership tend to reflect a mechanical Newtonian perspective. He argues that the turbulence of global society and culture is forcing organizations to realize that the models and habits developed for a stable environment may not work in a dynamic world. Imposing static and mechanical processes on an organization in a turbulent environment can submerge the organization until it implodes under pressure. A key challenge of applying the new sciences to leadership is that the relationships, forces, and waves that influence patterns of...
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...[pic] 本科毕业论文 论文题目：中国与新加坡小学语文教材比较研究 学生姓名： 刘相龙 学号： 2010005 专业： 对 外 汉 语 指导教师： 庄 庭 兰 学 院： 国 际 交 流 学 院 1 2012年5月18日 目录 中国与新加坡小学语文教材比较研究 2 摘要 2 1中国与新加坡小学语文课程比较研究概述 3 2对新加坡小学语文教材的简介 4 3中国小学语文教材与新加坡华文教材口语教学内容的比较 4 3.1中国小学语文教材口语课程 5 3.2新加坡小学华文教材口语课程教学 5 4中国小学语文教材与新加坡小学华文教材表面价值的比较 6 4.1研究对象与方法 6 4.2教材内容的比较分析 6 5中国小学语文教材与新加坡小学华文教材深层价值的比较 8 结语 9 参考文献 9 中国与新加坡小学语文教材比较研究 摘要：对于新加坡而言，英语是其共同语与主要教学语言，同时也是很多华族的主要家庭语言。因此，新加坡是华语为大部分华族第二语言的地区，因此新加坡小学语文课程也应与中国的小学语文课程有所区别。但在经过作者的反复比较之后发现，新加坡的小学语文课程总目标与中国小学语文课程总目标如出一辙，除了比较注重普通的语言训练之外，也强调思维技能、品德情意、语文素养与中华文化。因此，本论文将以新加坡小学语文教材中的部分语言现象以及教材的编排为出发点，将其与中国小学语文教材进行了相应比较，并且对二者之间的异同之处进行了浅要分析。 关键词：中国；新加坡；小学语文教材；比较 Abstract: For Singapore, the main teaching medium and its common language are English. In the meanwhile it is also the family language. So Singapore is the district that most of its Chinese residents that use Chinese language as a second language. And there must be some differences between the two Country’s Chinese Curriculum. But after several comparisons, the author found that there is no much difference between the two Countries of its general objective of Chinese Curriculum. They not only put more attentions on the language basic skills training but also lay stress on critical thinking/moral values/Chinese quality and Chinese culture. Therefore, in this dissertation I...
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...Newton's First Law of Motion: I. Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it. | This we recognize as essentially Galileo's concept of inertia, and this is often termed simply the "Law of Inertia". Newton's Second Law of Motion: II. The relationship between an object's mass m, its acceleration a, and the applied force F is F = ma. Acceleration and force are vectors (as indicated by their symbols being displayed in slant bold font); in this law the direction of the force vector is the same as the direction of the acceleration vector. | This is the most powerful of Newton's three Laws, because it allows quantitative calculations of dynamics: how do velocities change when forces are applied. Notice the fundamental difference between Newton's 2nd Law and the dynamics of Aristotle: according to Newton, a force causes only a change in velocity (an acceleration); it does not maintain the velocity as Aristotle held. This is sometimes summarized by saying that under Newton, F = ma, but under Aristotle F = mv, where v is the velocity. Thus, according to Aristotle there is only a velocity if there is a force, but according to Newton an object with a certain velocity maintains that velocity unless a force acts on it to cause an acceleration (that is, a change in the velocity). As we have noted earlier in conjunction with the discussion of Galileo, Aristotle's view seems to be more in accord with common...
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...Perspectives Paper December 17, 2012 Behavioral psychology, also known as behaviorism, is a perspective that became dominant during the early half of the 20th century thanks to prominent thinkers such as B.F. Skinner, and John B. Watson. The basis of behavioral psychology suggests that all behaviors are learned. Conditioning is the process of learning to react to the environment. Many theorists contributed to the theories of classical and operant conditioning, some theorists being Skinner, Watson, and Tolman. Each theorist contributed their own theories proven to impact a part of psychology. Many behaviors have been previously conditioned in the human species by the environment. Skinner, Watson, and Tolman all made their contributions to psychology with theories and proven statistics. John B. Watson John Watson proposed the idea of an objective psychology of behavior called "behaviorism." He saw psychology as the study of people's actions with the ability to predict and control those actions. His idea became known as “the behaviorists” theory (Goodwin. 2008). Theorists such as Skinner, Watson, and Tolman all had one common idea; that psychology was defined as the natural science of behavior, objective in its study, and was a pattern of adjustment functionally dependent upon stimulus conditions in the environment, and was emphasized in theory and research. Watson also used animal subjects...
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...Essay on the gravitational force of Earth. The gravitational force at the surface of the planet is the force that binds all bodies to earth. This force is one of the four forces recognized by physicists, and this kind of force, known as ‘gravity’, attracts every celestial object to earth. Though it is the most important of the forces essential for our lives, it is the least comprehended of them all. Throughout ages scientists have tried to solve the mystery of gravity. One of the first discoveries concerning gravity was made by Aristotle who concluded from his experiments that the downward movement of any body is that has weight had a proportional relationship between its quickness in motion and its size. This theory was accepted for centuries, but after a series of experiments made by Galileo, Aristotle’s theory was proved to be incorrect, as Galileo said after a series of experimenting at the Pisa tower that body of different sizes fall with the same speed. Later on, the idea that the force is needed so as to change the motion of the body was discovered. After that, a great scientist was to improve all the previously accepted theories, this scientist was Newton who was to make decisive advances in understanding gravity. In his first law, Newton said that a body in state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line will keep on moving unless acted upon by a force, while in his second theory, Newton expressed his first law in a more quantitative way as he said that force...
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...Classical Conditioning Paper University of Phoenix S. Foss PSYCH 390 / Janice Williams What is Classical Conditioning? Who is the theorist behind classical conditioning? How can classical conditioning be applied to daily situations regarding getting people to do things that a person wants done? In this paper, we will cover these questions and determine the answers Classical condition, by definition according to psychology and society.com, is: Classical Conditioning-a type of conditioning and learning process in which something (conditioned stimulus) that had not previously produced a particular response becomes associated with something (unconditioned stimulus) that produces the response. As a result, the conditioned stimulus will elicit the response that the unconditioned stimulus produces (psych.com). Classical Conditioning was a theory of cognitive learning introduced by Russian Born Ivan Pavlov initial study of interest was of the physiology of digestion. In 1890 Pavlov was invited to assist in the direction of and to help organize the Department of Physiology at the Institute of Experimental Medicine, this lasted 45 years and under Pavlov’s direction, and the center became one of the one of the most important centers of physiological research. It was at the Institute of Experimental Medicine that Pavlov conducted most of his research on physiological digestion, which led him to develop a science of conditioned reflex. Conditioned reflex was Pavlov’s most...
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...Concept of Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning was established and studied by Ivan Pavlov a Russian psychologist. According to Hockenbury & Hockenbury (2006), classical conditioning is the “basic learning process that involves repeatedly pairing a neutral stimulus with a response-producing stimulus until the same response is elicited from the neutral stimulus.” (p. 192). Both Pavlov and additional researches discovered that “optimal time interval varies in different conditioning situations” (Hockenbury & Hockenbury, 2006, p. 194), but it is hardly beyond a couple of seconds. Research has slated that Pavlov spent at least three decades studying classical conditioning, and during these decades he found a lot of element that would and could change the power of the conditioned response. Classical conditioning is a quad-step learning process connecting reactions: First, Unconditioned Stimulus (US) - a stimulus that suggests an unconditional response with no former conditioning (requires no learning for reaction to take place). Secondly, Unconditional Response (UR) – an uneducated response\ reply to an unconditional stimulus that happens with no former conditioning. Third, Conditioned Stimulus (CS) – a formerly neutral stimulus with the purpose of and in the course of conditioning, obtained the capability to suggest a conditioned response. Forth, is Conditioned Response (CR) – is a learned response to a conditioned stimulus that happens due to a previous conditioning...
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...Essay about globalization and world changes First of all I should mention that the title of this essay does not hit the point of typical essay. As I started to write I found myself in a dilemma between the characteristic attributes of an essay and the overwhelming amount of the material I could work with. Anyway, “back to topic”, as someone could have posted on an internet forum at that point in my work. First I will start to analyse the forces involved in the process which influences its (globalization process) change. There are three general forces that I could think of. The first two of them have existed before globalization developed. They influence this process with the same constant amount of power. At first there are general forces which are now representing the expansion of globalization. The most important ones are the curiosity of human beings combined with our requirement to possess and discover more and more. The economy which is working with restricted resources aims to overcome this narrow pass. Virtual goods for our leisure time like games and cyber sex can already be consumed in an endless and global way. I could not deny that they may overlap many times with non-virtual goods. The second kind of general forces are forces which slow down the globalization process. Even if we can hardly realise their (or its: “its kind” , “their forces”) effects today. There are still a lot of problems waiting for a solution. There can be named: Different cultures, pollution...
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