...Unit 1: Understanding Our Natural World Theme A: The Dynamic Landscape Specification: GCSE Geography Unit 1: Understanding Our Natural World Theme A: The Dynamic Landscape |Specification Content |Learning Outcomes |Teaching and Learning Activities |Resources | |The Drainage Basin: A |Students should be able to: | | | |Component of the Water Cycle | | | | | |demonstrate knowledge and understanding of|The two websites listed here give clear animations of the hydrological cycle |www.epa.gov/ogwdw/kids/flash/ flashwatercycle.html | | |the components of the drainage basin cycle|which students can watch and discuss. |www.sweetwater.org/education/ watercycle.swf | | |and their interrelationships: | | ...
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...COASTAL SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS, GEOMORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS, THEIR EVOLUTION AND THE ECONOMEIC ASPECTS INTRODUCTION: The coastal zone contains the near-shore area together with the entire continental shelf and the resources of the overlying waters as delimited by existing international agreements. Both play a vital role in the coastal environment – offshore and onshore. Coastal zone is the transition area between the land and the ocean and is an area of complex, dynamic and delicate environment. External factors influencing the coastal zone are the sediment supply by the rivers and the coastal processes. Shoreline is one of the most rapidly changing landforms of the coastal zones, geomorphic processes such as erosion, deposition, sedimentation, periodic storms, flooding and also sea level changes are continuously modifying the shoreline. The accurate mapping of the shoreline is therefore very important for planning conservation measures such as protection of human life, property, and natural environments. The coastal zone is receiving an increasing attention because of the pressures of increasing population and industrial developments. Also erosion is caused by shifting of river mouths and spits. Protection of natural resources, the loss of habitats, severe coastal erosion, sedimentation in ports and harbours, and municipal and industrial pollution are major concerns of the coastal zone managers. Conservation and management of the coastal features requires...
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...Coastal Geomorphology Title: To identify and describe the main coastal erosional and depositional landforms produced by wave action observe at Peyton’s Cove, Don Christopher Cove and Blowing Point along the coastline at Robin’s Bay, St. Mary, Jamaica Name: School: School Center: 100107 Teacher: Year of Examination: 2016 Due Date: Table of Content Title Page Aim of Study………………………………………… Location of Study …………………………………… Method of Data Collection…………………………... Presentation and Explanation of Data……………….. Analysis and Discussion of Data…………………….. Conclusion…………………………………………… Bibliography…………………………………………. Aim of Study The aims of the study were to: * Describe the main coastal erosion and depositional landforms produced by wave action or processes at Peyton’s Cove, Don Christopher Cove, Blowing Point along the coastline of Robin’s Bay in St. Mary, Jamaica * To study the effects of constructive and destructive wave processes on coastal landforms development * To determine the influence of the local rock and structure on the development of coastal...
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...reference to one or more case study of coastal management, discuss whether the benefits outweigh the costs. | With reference to a named country, evaluate attempts to manage population change.Name of country: | Discuss how the United Kingdom’s changing population structure is likely to affect employment in the health and care services over the next 25 years or so. | June 09 | Describe and explain the formation of landforms resulting from rejuvenation. | With specific reference to a case study of coastal erosion, assess the relative importance of its physical and socio-economic consequences. | Outline and comment on the economic and political consequences of populationchange | Describe and suggest reasons for regional variations in morbidity in the UK. | Jan 10 | Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of hard engineering as a floodmanagement strategy | Explain the causes of sea level change and the formation of resultant coastal landforms. | For any two of the following types of area, summarise the contrasts between themand explain the implications of these contrasts for social welfare: * inner city * suburban * rural–urban fringe * rural settlement.Chosen areas: | Discuss the impact of obesity on people’s health and the strategies adopted to care for people with obesity | June 10 | Compare and comment on the economic and social effects of flooding in two contrasting areas of the world. | Discuss issues relating to a coastal area where soft engineering management...
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...What Coastal Features are formed by waves along a section of the Palisadoes Tombolo in Kingston and Green Wall in St. Thomas, Jamaica? By Kashaun Smith School: Wolmer’s Boys School Territory: Year: 2013-2014 Table of Contents Page Title Page Number Aim of Study Location of Study Area Methodology Presentation and Analysis of Data Conclusion Bibliography Aim of Study The aim of study is to determine and describe the coastal features observed along a section of Palisadoes Tombolo and Green Wall in St. Thomas, Jamaica. Location of Study Area Methodology On Monday, May 20, 2013, the Geography Department of Wolmer’s Boys’ School organized for students to visit sections of the South East coastline of Jamaica. The locations of study were scheduled to be Palisadoes Tombolo in Kingston and Green Wall in St. Thomas. However, due to the rainy weather we only studied the features of the Palisadoes Tombolo in Kingston on the 20th of May. The materials used to carry out the observation were: notebook, pen, maps, camera, stopwatch and textbooks. At each location, the first instruction given by the teacher was to observe and take photos of the features of the area that was being studied. This helped us to understand the structure of the area and special features and processes taking place. At all the locations a stopwatch was used to time the number of waves per minute. However, the height of the waves was all estimated at the different...
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...means the coastline requires management’. Throughout this investigation I will be looking at these key processes in details: The process of Erosion; Long shore drift; transport of sediment along the coast; Coastal Management; and Hard Engineering. On the 18th of November our year 11 Geography class went to visit the East coast of England. We went there to collect data and evidence about coastal management along the Holderness coastline. We visited Mappleton and Withernsea and observed the sea defences there; afterwards we visited Spurn Point to look at the affect old sea defences how there and see a spit formation. To start off my investigation I went to Mappleton first. Mappleton is a small village and a civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire. It is approximately 3 miles south from the seaside resort, Hornsea. It has many sea defences protecting the coast from erosion with its population increasing to 342, there may be a demand in more sea defences. After Mappleton, I went to Withernsea and then spurn point. Mapleton and Withernsea both have chalk cliffs that are eroding away, the sediment is then being deposited at Spurn point. The five key terms that I will be focusing on are the process of erosion, long shore drift, transport of sediment along the coast, coastal management and hard engineering. Holderness coast Holderness coast We compared the data we collected from two different sites along the Holderness coast, the Holderness Coast is one of Europe's fastest...
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...FOM_C02.qxd 1/15/09 1:15 PM Page 51 The Global Marketing Environment Case 2 innocent Ltd: being good is good for business In a world of big commercial brands that promise to make you feel younger, look better or live longer, occasionally there are those that come along that try to be more grounded, more real and more authentic. A classic case in point was the Body Shop chain of cosmetic shops, which did not promise to reverse ageing or get rid of wrinkles but instead offered natural, authentic products and showed concern for the environment at the same time. innocent Ltd is a company in that mould. It has built a very successful business in the smoothie market by offering quality, fresh products and by behaving in an openly ethical manner. Its success has spawned a host of competitors and it now faces several challenges to its dominance of the sector. Company background innocent was founded in 1998 by three college friends—Richard Reed, Adam Balon and Jon Wright. In the summer of that year, the trio set up a stall at a small music festival in London. They started with £500 of fresh fruit and set up two bins, one with a ‘yes’ sign and the other with a ‘no’ sign. They also had another sign that asked customers ‘Should we give up our jobs to make these drinks?’ By the end of the festival, the ‘yes’ bin was overflowing and innocent Ltd was born. The vision of its founders, in the words of Richard Reed, was to be ‘Europe’s favourite little juice...
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...Emergent Raised Beaches A raised beach is and emergent landform. It is above the shore line due to a fall in sea level. They’re formed through a combination of tectonic coastal uplift and quaternary sea level fluctuations. There are many examples of raised beaches on the west coast of England. The town of Stonehave is built on one. Relict (fossil) Cliffs A geomorphological feature which was formed due to previous processes and climatic change. They can be found at raised beaches and a good example is in Canada in a place called Nova Scotia. Coastal Plains An area of land which lays adjacent to a sea coast and is low-lying. During the cretaceous period Large areas were covered in shallow sea which disappeared as the land began to rose. The best example is located on the south eastern American coast. Submergent Rias Rias are caused by a rise in sea level or a fall in coast levels (due to tectonics) maybe both this cause a previously dry area of land to become permanently submerged. Examples include Portsmouth, Plymouth and Southampton. Fjords A long narrow inlet with steep sides or cliff faces. They are created by previous glacial movements which form a U-shape valley due to the ice forcing its way through the land. Once the ice melted it leaves the U shaped valley that become fjords. Fjards Fjards are rocky inlet of the sea, usually found along relatively low-lying coasts. Formed by the submergence of a glacial valley, fjards are characteristically more...
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...What Processes Have Affected the Features on the Stretch of Coastline at Archer’s Bay, St. Lucy, Barbados? Name: Shawana Harris School: Harrison College Candidate Number: 00300141645 Table of Contents Page * Aim of Study......................................................................3 * Location of Study .............................................................4 * Methodology ...................................................................6 * Presentation of Data and Analysis...................................7 * Conclusion...................................................................... 16 * Bibliography ...................................................................17 * Appendix ........................................................................18 Aim of Study This study aims to examine what processes have affected the features on the stretch of the coastline at Archer’s Bay, St. Lucy, Barbados. Location of Study Fig 1 A Sketch Map of Barbados Fig 1.2 A Sketch Map of Archer’s Bay St. Lucy Fig 2 A Sketch Map of Archer’s Bay St. Lucy Barbados Methodology: Methodology On Wednesday, 5th November, 2014, a group of geography students from Harrison College visited Archer’s Bay, St. Lucy Barbados to study the influence of wave action on the visited coastal landforms. The data was collected between 10:00 am and1:30pm.The...
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...There are erosional coasts and those are new coasts where wind, waves and rain remove coastal material. Waves can affect the coast only where they strike, so erosion is most progressive near sea level. Erosional coasts are shaped by stream erosion, abrasion of wind-driven grit, alternate freezing and thawing of water in rock cracks, plant root probing, glacial activity, rainfall, dissolution by acids from soil slumping (sinking or settling). Coasts are classified by two terms: high-energy coasts and low-energy coasts. Erosion is most rapid on high-energy coasts while they are frequently attacked by large waves and tropical storms. Low-energy coasts are rarely attacked by large waves. Shorelines can be straightened by selective erosion and straightening occurs most rapidly on high-energy coasts. Eventually, coastal erosion forms smooth sandy shoreline. Wave refraction deposits sand sediments smoothly all over the shore and therefore creates a straight and smooth, like a parking lot, beach. Beaches consist of loose particles. The matter of fact, beaches dominate depositional coasts because features found on depositional coasts are usually sand sediments rather than rock, just as we see usually see on the beach. Beaches form when sediment like sand is transported to zones suitable for deposition, while sediment on a beach has been...
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...It is an extensive analysis that has led to an important classification of beaches that is applied worldwide for decades (Davis & Fitzgerald, 2004). Median size diameter (D50) and swash slope are among the key parameters taken into consideration in order to classify the beach state (Carter, 1988; Short, 1999). From the data gain of both parameters however, only swash slope gives a strong effectiveness of morphodynamic classifying for the visual classification of Wright & Short (1984). The classified beach types are presented in Table 7.6. It could be generally defined that the beaches along the Pahang coastal region are classified as an intermediate and dissipative state. At the northern region of Pahang, the classification of the beaches of TelukChempedak (ST 1), Taman Gelora (ST 2) and Tanjung Lumpur (ST 3) varied from reflective and intermediate, where the beach site of Taman Gelora tends to be near-dissipative type. The reflective beaches were mostly obtained at the northern part of Pahang coast due to steeper swash slopes as exposed by wave attack vulnerability. The TelukChempedak beach, for example, became a tourist attraction for years, provides a diverse assortment of activities and facilities. It can be considered the beach presently underutilized. This may give plausible explanations for the reflective morphodynamic...
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...shoreline was rich with natural habitat and very little human development. In addition to shoreline construction, the shorelines of the bay have also been altered by dredge and fill operations previously connected to the bay. Bulkheads, docks, and revetments usually generate lower volumes of dredge and fill material compared to channel construction, their environmental impact may be greater than the actual physical modifications. Most shoreline modifications involve a direct conversion of shoreline and near shore habitat from a sloping, vegetated, natural state that transitions the land-water interface to an abrupt vertical land-water barrier. Galveston’s response to the devastating hurricane of 1900 is considered to be one of the greatest coastal engineering achievements in the early 20th century. What they did was they mined large quantities of sand by pipeline, to raise the elevation of the entire City of Galveston above the previous land surface. The fill material was retrieved from several borrow areas including Offatts Bayou and East Lagoon. When the project was completed in 1911, over 9,900 acre-feet of material had been moved to help protect the city from future hurricanes. In 1931 despite the protests of oil, towing, and timber operations, the entrance to Lake Anahuac on the northern shore of Trinity Bay was closed to protect rice irrigation systems. The 6,000 acre lake was isolated from the Galveston Bay system and converted to a shallow freshwater lake. In 1966, the...
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...Coastal Management at Barcelona/Catalonia Location: Barcelona is located in the east of Spain on the coast near the Mediterranean Sea. It has a population of 5 million Background: Many Catalan beaches are losing their sand. The November storms have starkly revealed this problem and the long term solution is a complex one involving a range of environmental, economic and social issues. The estimated costs of 1.690 million ptas to restore the damaged beaches and promenades are overshadowed by concerns regarding future sustainability, not just of the beaches, but of the coastal fringe in general and the tourist industry in particular. Both money and beach sediment are scarce resources in Catalonia, and conflict between competing resorts all looking to bolster their share of the tourist cake may be difficult to reconcile. Sea levels are rising. Maximum wave heights have been steadily increasing during the last decade, from 8.22 metres in 1991 to 9.92 metres on 9th November 2001. The best defence against coastal erosion and rising sea levels is the humble beach, cheaper than traditional hard defences in both the short and long term. But the creation of sustainable artificial beaches is more complex than simply dumping sand or shingle on the shore and the organisation responsible for these operations estimates annual sand loss at 10% of the amount spread. Causes: Alarmingly, the Catalan supply appears to be running out. Rivers such as the Llobregat and Besòs now barely reach...
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...Barrier islands can be violently impacted by severe storms because their main purpose is to lessen the blow experienced by the mainland (Smith et al., 2006). These islands therefore can be highly impacted by storms in terms of shoreline erosion, sediment transfer, and foredune reduction. Depending on the frequency and severity of storms, the level of shoreline retreat can be very large (Kish and Donoghue, 2013). On Santa Rosa Island, Kish and Donoghue (2013) measured a 300-meter shoreline retreat after a violent storm. This amount of erosion causes a reduction in the size and location of the foredunes on these islands. When storms repeatedly hit an area over a relatively small amount of time the beaches and foredunes do not have time to redevelop, so the next storm causes even more erosion to take place. This erosion is especially noticeable on the ends of the islands because the water is being channeled through. An example of this was seen in the restructuring of the East Pass Inlet on Santa Rosa Island between 1870 and 1969 (Kish and Donoghue, 2013). The water surges and winds created by these storms transfer large amounts of sediment, which can dramatically change the ecosystems of these areas (Kish and Donoghue, 2013). Salt-water intrusion can lead to plant death and fleeing of animals from their former habitats (http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/surge/). The animals that nest on these beaches and foredunes are also negatively impacted. Nests can either be washed away or covered with...
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... location.. Emerald Bay is located on the North part of Catalina Island. It is about 21 miles away from L.A. The weather can be windy, and sometimes you might even get some rain! Some of the plants you can find there are Aphanisma, the Catalina sagebrush, the cliff splurge, and many more. Some of the animals that you can find in Emerald Bay is the American Bison, the Black Buck, and the bullfrog, just to name a few. Big image the beauty of emerald bay! Kayaking Snorkling Classes kayaking In Catalina, one of the many things you can do is kayak in the smooth waves of Catalina Island. You and your group will kayak all the way to Indian Rock and learn more about the birds that flock to Indian Rock. Like how they behave, where they live, and even what they eat. Sometimes, your group leader will take you to the other shore to look at more interesting birds. And occasionally you will see the Garibaldi fish, swimming below you. snorkling Another thing you can do in Catalina is snorkle. When you snorkel at Emerald Bay, you will see a good amount of fish below you. Some of the fish you will probably see are the bright orange Garibaldi, the gender-switching sheephead, and maybe even some small Senorita's! This can be a great way to learn more about the fish of Catalina and how they behave. classes The classes at Catalina are very interesting and worth every second. In these classes, you will learn about multiple things that are on Catalina Island. Including, vertebrates and invertebrates...
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