...Alzheimer's Disease and its Link to the Normal Human Developmental Process of Aging Angel M. Perez Liberty University Abstract The cause of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is currently unknown. However, extensive studies using new technology has led to new ways of accurately identifying AD, an understanding of the mechanisms involved regarding the development of AD, and the damage it causes in the human brain. The general population is under the impression that AD is a result of the normal human developmental process of aging. The focus of this research is to dismiss this misconception by providing indisputable empirical evidence to the contrary. This paper looks at the various studies explored by researchers in an attempt to show the factors attributed to AD, a population over the age of 65 that do not suffer from AD, and a population of as young as 18 clinically diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. The author also addresses life style, environmental, and genetic risk factors attributed to the development of AD. Alzheimer's Disease and its Link to the Normal Human Developmental Process of Aging Contrary to popular belief, studies show that Alzheimer’s disease is not part of the normal human developmental process of aging. It is imperative that researchers acknowledge that AD is not part of the normal aging process. Researchers must keep an open mind during the research and experimental process, exploring all plausible arguments, in order to discover the cause(s) and/or...
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...Observation Journal BSHS 342 Week 2 Learning Team Assignment Hot Topic Paper Methods of Delivery BSHS 342 Week 3 DQ 1 BSHS 342 Week 3 DQ 2 BSHS 342 Week 3 Individual Assignment Rite of Passage Paper BSHS 342 Week 3 Learning Team Assignment Observation Journal Age 10 – 17 BSHS 342 Week 4 DQ 1 BSHS 342 Week 4 DQ 2 BSHS 342 Week 4 Individual Changes in Adulthood Personal Perspectives or Paper BSHS 342 Week 4 Learning Team Assignment Slowing the Biological Clock BSHS 342 Week 4 Observation Journal Age Adult Middle Adult BSHS 342 Week 5 DQ 1 BSHS 342 Week 5 DQ 2 BSHS 342 Week 5 Learning Team Assignment Research Paper on Issues Affecting the Aging BSHS 342 Week 5 Observation Journal Age Late Adulthood For More Homework Goto http://www.homeworkbasket.com BSHS 342 Week 2 Learning Team Assignment Hot Topic Paper Methods Of Delivery Click Below URL to Purchase Homework http://www.homeworkbasket.com/BSHS-342/BSHS-342-Week-2-Learning-Team-Assignment-Hot-Topic-Paper-Methods-of-Delivery Select a topic as a team for your Hot Topic paper and presentation. • Birth control and abortion • Methods of delivery • Infant day care • Breast feeding versus bottle feeding • Discipline of infants • Appropriate age for toilet training • Parental rights and roles Research, individually, the topic chosen by your team. Begin to write your paper. Synthesize your research and information to include all sides of the issue...
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...Driving and Testing for the Elderly Over Seventy and Driving Moraine Valley Community College Abstract This paper will explore five class concepts in relation to older drivers. Fluid intelligence, working memory, cognitive flexibility, vision and hearing, and stereotype threat. It will also show statistics of the dangers of older drivers, the affect they have on other drivers and how driving can hurt or even kill them. This paper will also discuss the stronger laws we need for driving test throughout the United States. What kind of testing should be done and at what age. Effects of Driving and Testing for the Elderly On June 13, 2012, 89 year old Margaret Tomascik was speeding when she failed to stop at a stop sign. She went on to hit a passing car, jump a curb, and crash into a construction site. Margaret hit two people, Thomas Cooney and Joseph Rubino, who were working on the construction site at the time. Margaret severely injured Thomas Cooney and nearly killed Joesph Rubino (Lewis, 2012). Obviously in Margaret's situation her cognitive flexibility was very much declined. She could not react quick enough to avoid this horrible accident. Though there were no deaths in this situation, the next time, there could be. As we have learned in our text, when the aging process begins, functions that are related to one's driving skills and driving ability start to decline. Projections indicate that by 2025...
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...Late Adulthood and Death Paper Late Adulthood and Death Paper In regards to late adulthood and death, there are many complex and complicated sub topics that can surround this main topic. It is important to understand this though, and to be able to understand this will give you a better insight into how to deal with this. Every human being will be lucky to experience late adulthood, because there are some people who unfortunately don’t ever have the chance to live into their later life. This paper will go into detail about ageism and stereotypes as it pertains to today’s society. Health and wellness at this time is also very important to learn about and to apply to every day life when you are within your late adulthood timeframe. This paper will also discuss the importance and having relationships and social interaction; this will be a primary source of mental health. Last, this paper will go into detail about cultural and personal attitudes; this will be key when it comes to your behavior and view of yourself and others. Ageism and Stereotypes To begin, ageism and stereotypes related with late adulthood describes is known to be ones prejudice or discrimination that happens because of age. When thinking about ageism, we must look at the disconnection theory (Cumming & Henry, 1961) that suggests adults voluntarily decrease contact with society, rather than experiencing isolation later and the disappointment not selected. Other ageism statements describe older people being...
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...Paper on Changes in Adulthood Amylyn Thomas University of Phoenix Change is a word that is said often but not many realize how much it affects their lives. As people grow, they change in each stage. The changes that occur during early, middle, and late adulthood are physical, emotional, cognitive, and developmental. As people grow, these changes help them to form personalities, and views on life. They go to college, get married, have children of their own, work for many years, and retire. It is smart to remember that change is a part of life and development and without it we do not become the people that they become. The first stage that will be discussed is early adulthood. There are many changes that occur during this stage because this is when the person goes from high school to college which is a new experience. This is the transition into adulthood because they start to think about their future. They decide on the degree that will impact what job field they will go into, start their finical stability and start to develop intimate and professional relationships. The physical aspect of early adulthood is biological aging. Biological aging begins in early adulthood and continues until death. There are many theories to biological aging. One theory is that the existence of aging genes that control the biological changes. These genes can control menopause, gray hair and the determination of body cells. One physical aspect is cardiovascular and repistroy systems...
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...Psy/201 Tabitha R. Kelleher Developmental Stage and analysis Paper. People during the course of their lifetimes, go through various changes as grown-ups and children. During the individual's life, they will go through various possible cognitive, social, physical, and character changes. Annie, who is 13 years of age, teenager and in 6th grade, begins her pubescent stage following the adolescence time ending. She is described as a “youth” or “young adult” by a majority of folks. Ages of teens are from 13 years old to 21 years of age. Noticeably, Annie, like a lot of other young girls during this stage, arrives from several changes in her life as her body prepares to evolve. Throughout this period in Annie’s life, she will begin puberty bringing on multiple emotional, physical and cognitive alterations in her character and physique. “Puberty” is the moment of development at which the person can reproduce sexually. (Lahey, 2010, p.334). A number of distinct physical changes take place throughout puberty. As a result, Annie’s body will start evolving, because of the increase in estrogen. Annie’s Transformation The largest and distinct developmental transition in Annie’s body will be growth spurts. Throughout the time, this girl can develop in any place from 8 inches and 12 inches in stature, and it is healthy for consuming habits to move from consuming small servings to eating bigger meals. While Annie starts to eat more substantial portions, causing her body to begin...
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...Slide 1 Hi everyone! My presentation will be about brain development and plasticity. Slide 2 “The human brain is estimated to have about a hundred billion nerve cells, two million miles of axons, and a million billion synapses, making it the most complex structure, natural or artificial, on earth.” Tim Green, Stephen F. Heinemann and Jim F. Gusella (from a paper in Neuron, 1998) Slide 3 Brain development. Slide 4 What we know about human brain? The human brain is the most complex of all biological systems. It is made of a hundred billion information processing cells called neurons. The neurons communicated with each other by making connections. This connections called synapses. It is estimated there are 60 trillion connections in the adult brain. It has about 200 000 neurons. Slide 5 Brain has right and a left hemispheres. They connected by a fiber bundle that leads to the two sides of the brain that connect to each other. Average human brain weighs about 2-3 pounds. If we will look inside of adult brain we will see two kinds of tissue: grey matter and white matter. It contains of the cell bodies of the neurons. We can see grey matter along the entire surface of brain. Thats the neocortex. Cortex the brain's outer layer, which is essentially our gray matter. The white matter consist other fiber that connect neurons into information processing networks. Each neuron extends a connecting fiber called axon. Axons covered with a fatty substance called mylan that...
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...Running head: WEEK 5 FINAL ASSIGNMENT: PSYCHOLOGY OF AGING 1 Psychology of Aging Mildred T. Murphy PSY 317: Cognitive Functioning in the Elderly Professor Rhonda Travland Ashford University August 26, 2013 Running head: WEEK 5 FINAL ASSIGNMENT: PSYCHOLOGY OF AGING 2 Abstract Aging in the United States raises challenges in terms of belonging, especially for older people. The interrelationship between aging and a sense of belonging is complicated because the aging process itself is influenced by many factors, including biological, sociological, psychological, economical, and attitudinal factors. Each of these factors has a unique impact on aging. Exacerbating these factors are society’s negative stereotypes and myths, discrimination, biases, prejudices, and negative attitudes toward the older people, which are cumulatively identified as ageism for the purposes of this paper. Thinking about the dimensions of aging for older people gives rise to a number of questions. For example, what are our cultural attitudes and traditions towards aging? How do these attitudes and traditions inform our private thoughts and public policies towards aging? This paper will focus on the mysteries that control human lifespan which are yet to be unraveled. Running head: WEEK 5 FINAL ASSIGNMENT: PSYCHOLOGY OF AGING 3 Part I-Intro to the Psychology of Aging Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior, and is unique...
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...(2010). Storytelling reveals the active, positive lives of centenarians. Nursing Older People, 22(8), 31-36. doi: 10.7748/nop2010.10.22.8.31.c7995 Martin, P., Baenziger, J., MacDonald, M., Siegler, I. C., & Poon, L. W. (2009). Engaged Lifestyle, Personality, and Mental Status Among Centenarians. Journal of Adult Development. doi: 10.1007/s10804-009-9066-y The Okinawa Centenarian Study: Evidence based gerontology. (n.d.). Retrieved February 06, 2014, from http://www.okicent.org/study.html Richmond, R. L., Law, J., & Kay-Lambkin, F. (2011). Physical, Mental, and Cognitive Function in a Convenience Sample of Centenarians in Australia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 59(6), 1080-1086. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03404.x Ruiz, J. R., Fiuza-Luces, C., Buxens, A., Cano-Nieto, A., Gómez-Gallego, F., Santiago, C., ... Lucia, A. (2012). Are centenarians genetically predisposed to lower disease risk? Age, 34(5), 1269-1283. doi: 10.1007/s11357-011-9296-3 Wilcox, D., Wilcox, B. J., Hsueh, W., & Suzuki, M. (2006, December 8). Genetic determinants of exceptional human longevity: Insights from the Okinawa Centenarian Study. Retrieved February 6, 2014. doi:...
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...In her 2004 research paper, she found that there was a bilingual advantage with adults. Using Simon task, where they compare reaction times of stimulus occurring in the same or different relative location as the response, she studied results of monolinguals and bilingual middle and old aged adults (30-88 years). Specifically, she found bilingual advantages on executive processing (ex. remembering things, paying attention, and problem solving) and inhibitory control (ex. holding back and not following instructions). Also, she has found that the bilinguals declined slower in control processes with aging compared to monolinguals. However, not all the other researchers agreed to her findings and tried to do their own...
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...Paper II Section 1 – Introduction 1. Name, Age, Race, Ethnicity, 2. Physical Description 3. Place of Birth, Current place of residence Section 2 – Childhood Memories 1. Family make up 2. Mother and Father occupation 3. Marital status of parents 4. Socioeconomic status 5. Perception of her development 6. Normal development 7. Developmental delays 8. Parents discipline style i. Authoritarian a. Cold/harsh, physical force, no explanation of rules ii. Authoritative b. Warm and nurturing c. Positive reinforcement d. Set firm limits, rationale rules and decisions iii. Permissive e. Warm and friendly towards children f. No direction given Section 3 – Adolescence 1. Recollection about adolescence 2. Any important events of early adulthood Section 4 – Middle/Late Adulthood 1. Important events of later adulthood Theories for Paper Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development a. Sensorimotor Stage (birth to 2 years) a. Infant is egocentric b. Gradually learns to coordination sensory and motor activities c. Develops a beginning sense of objects existing apart from the self b. Preoperational Stage (ages 2 - 7) d. Primarily egocentric e. Discovers rules (regularities) applied to incoming information f. Overgeneralize rules, many cognitive errors c. Concrete Operations Stage (ages 7 – 11) g. Solve concrete...
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...me awhile to decipher through the many articles involving issues of social development in adulthood. I chose to use the article of social relationships because it not only goes into depth about the topic at hand but it also looks into different theories used in accordance with relationships and social development. I chose the topic of relationships because I feel this has a major impact on how adults develop socially, and it spikes my interest to know what to expect in relationships when aging. We learn from those around use growing up how to interact in a relationship. We watch our parents, teachers, and other adult role models. If given the opportunity I would in fact write a research paper using this article. It gives substantive information on how relationships are in relation with aging. In the article that I have chosen it states that “Close emotional ties are relatively stable until late in life, whereas peripheral (i.e., not close) social relationships are preferably discontinued.” To me this means that one should began to develop and learn to maintain a healthy relationship early on so that as they begin to age and develop socially that he or she can continue to prosper in his or her healthy relationship. Throughout the article was talk about different studies that were performed in an effort to research and study the impact of relationships and social development. It was mentioned that at the at the expense of social interaction may cause...
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...Running head: Theories of Aging Theories of Aging Nate Aungkuldee Milwaukee School of Engineering –School of Nursing Abstract Gerontological nursing may be viewed as the nursing management for older population. Knowledge of nursing care and competency of caring for elderly become more important as the result of increasing population of old age people in the past decade and expecting in ongoing increasing in the next twenty years. There are many theories of aging that describe and explain aging process and how the individuals respond to changes that occur with aging. By understanding a normal process of aging, the quality of nursing care for this population may be enhanced. The purpose of this paper is to present and explore some of the theories of aging and apply the theory into nursing practice that cooperated with evidence base research studies to implement the plan of care for an older adult. Two main theories of aging: Biological theories and Psychological theories are the focused theories that being discussed in this paper. According to many current resources the aging population in the U.S. is now rapidly growing. There were 4% of people age 65 and older or about 3 million people in 1900 (McGuire & Mefford, 2007). This old age population increased to 36.8 million people in 2005 with the increase of 3.2 million or 9.4% from 1995 (Mauk, 2010). As of today a newborn child is expected to live at least...
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...Later Adulthood Development Report Adriane McClendon BSHS/325 - HUMAN SYSTEMS AND DEVELOPMENT November 2, 2015 Susan W. Jernigan Over the time in their lives, most people can acquire protected attachments; cognitively, socially, and morally, and produce families and discover good jobs. Ultimately, though, as an individual enter into their 60s and beyond, getting older leads to quicker changes in our bodily, cognitive, and social capabilities and desires, and life starts to approach its natural ending, resulting in the last life stage, beginning in the 60s, known as late adulthood. "Social changes affect a person's decision. If they move, for example, to be closer to family, they will need to make new friends in the new environment, to cope with the loss of old friends, and to deal with the changing roles within the family dynamics as one becomes older." ("End-of-Life Decisions and Late Adulthood," 2007). When an individual enters late adulthood, they start to go through various changes in their role and social position in society. At one point in their life, they were young and had a prominent role in the decisions they made for themselves and others. Many elderly people are parents and grandparents and at one point had the role of being the caretaker of their offspring. During this time of their life this position changes, and it is usually their children taking care of them now. They do not have as much power over their life as they used to have and may not have...
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...Perspective Paper Lifespan Perspective Paper A person’s lifespan is from the moment of conception through death. Lifespan development is the different stages a person passes through as he or she develops. Perspective of lifespan development understands the changes that occur in development. Freud and Piaget have very different theories of lifespan development. Freud’s theory is a basis of id, ego, and superego, whereas Piaget’s is a cognitive development that occurs over a person’s lifetime. Nature and Nurture are more than perspectives in lifespan development they influence how and who a person will be. Lifespan development is the time from conception to death as a person develops and grows; the perspective in relationship to human development is lifelong, and theories of lifespan development can be seen in Freud, and Piaget, while the influences of a person life is nature and nurture. What is Lifespan Development A person’s lifespan begins as a fetus and as it develops and grows for nine months in the womb becoming a person either male or female will continue through stages in a his or her life. The study of human development is a science seeking to understand how humans change over their lifetime (Berger, 2008). The changes a person goes through as he or she grows can be linear-gradual, predictable, steady, but normally they are none of these. The common stages are birth, infancy, adolescence, adulthood, old age, and the ending death. To define lifespan development is also...
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