...Cognitive Behavior Therapy Developed by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, Cognitive Therapy (CT), or Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), is a form of psychotherapy in which the therapist and the client work together as a team to identify and solve problems. Therapists help clients to overcome their difficulties by changing their thinking, behavior, and emotional responses. A System of Psychotherapy Cognitive therapy is a comprehensive system of psychotherapy, and treatment is based on an elaborated and empirically supported theory of psychopathology and personality. It has been found to be effective in more than 400 outcome studies for a myriad of psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and substance abuse, among others, and it is currently being tested for personality disorders. It has also been demonstrated to be effective as an adjunctive treatment to medication for serious mental disorders such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Cognitive therapy has been extended to and studied for adolescents and children, couples, and families. Its efficacy has also been established in the treatment of certain medical disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, hypertension, fibromyalgia, post-myocardial infarction depression, noncardiac chest pain, cancer, diabetes, migraine, and other chronic pain disorders. In the mid-1960s, Dr. Aaron T. Beck developed cognitive therapy as a time-sensitive, structured therapy that uses an information-processing...
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...Cognitive Behavioral Therapy There are a number of methods to psychotherapy that fit within the field of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). These methods share three theoretical perspectives: thinking or cognition affects behavior; cognitive behavior may be monitored and altered; and desired behavior change can take place through cognitive change (Piotrowski). Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck were instrumental in developing CBT. Albert Ellis established rational-emotive therapy (RET) in the 1950s; and Aaron Beck’s cognitive therapy is used universally for depression and anxiety (Strickland). Unlike Freudian psychoanalysis which emphasizes past history, CBT focuses on the client’s present situation. The CBT process begins with establishment of false perceptions and thought patterns that are the foundation of or contributing to the client’s issues. “Some self-defeating ways of thinking identified by Aaron Beck include all-or-nothing thinking, magnifying or minimizing the importance of an event; overgeneralization (drawing extensive conclusions from a single event); personalization (taking things too personally); selective abstraction (giving disproportionate weight to negative events); arbitrary inference (drawing illogical conclusions from an event); and automatic thoughts (habitual negative, scolding thoughts, such as “You can’t do anything right”).” (Strickland). Following establishing false perceptions, the therapist assists the client in changing those negative perceptions...
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...Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is a psychotherapeutic approach based on the notion that cognition, emotions, and behaviors work together in such a way that they have a common cause and effect relationship. CBT conceptualizes the idea that many of the client’s problems are created by the client’s way of interpreting events and situations. Clients contribute to their own specific issues and difficulties by the way they perceive different events and situations in their lives. The following are attributes that can be found in CBT: 1) there is a collaborative relationship between the therapist and the client, 2) the idea that mental health difficulties are a result of disturbances in the cognitive process, 3) a focus to change cognitions in order to change behaviors, and 4) time-limited and educational treatments that focus on specific target problems. The main objective of the therapeutic process is to minimize emotional disturbances and negative behaviors by attaining a more realistic philosophy of life. CBT therapists focus on teaching the client, skills which allow the client to apply logical thinking to problem solving and emotional change. During the therapeutic process the therapist might do the following: • Encourage the client to discover irrational ideas that affect their behavior. • Challenge the client to validate their ideas. • Show the client their illogical thinking process. • Explain how negative ideas can be replaced with a more rational thinking...
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...Rush, Beck, Kovacs & Hollon, 1977), fuelled the revolution. Over the succeeding years, BT and CT grew together and influenced each other to such an extent that the resulting amalgam is now most commonly known as cognitive behaviour therapy – CBT. Change Theory, primarily developed in the 1990s, explains a similar shift in thinking process by outlining causal links in a coachees initiative. This could include distal or proximal outcomes. The acknowledged changes are mapped as showing each outcome in a rational relationship to all the others, as well as chronological flow. The links between outcomes are explained by rationales of why one outcome is thought to be a prerequisite for another. This Theory of Change, similar to CBT, lies in understanding the distinction between desired and concrete outcomes. Change Theory is a forecast that shows what conditions must exist for other conditions to come into being. It is forward looking and logical, assuming the way we...
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...Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Name: Institution: Introduction In reference to Fazio-Griffith and Ballard (2014), counselors in school settings are entitled with working with students who possess inadequate social skills. It thus becomes increasingly difficult to develop the child socially, academically and emotionally considering that these skills are vital in developing one’s social well-being. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is at this moment defined as a model based on structured sessions and enactive performance-based procedures to give the desired changes in behavior, thinking and feeling. Application of CBT in Schools CBT provides an appropriate framework to handle disparities in children’s social development. The actual context will thus involve CBT bringing out behavioral and emotional changes in elementary children as well as adolescents in high schools. Fazio-Griffith and Ballard (2014) argue that there exists children who have problems in developing relationships with their teachers and peers. Usually, Cognitive Behavior Therapy has given an ample intervention that improves the academic and emotional level of functioning. In elementary and middle schools, social skills groups would function appropriately with CBT to induce the required social outcomes. Fazio-Griffith and Ballard (2014) state that elementary schools have deployed this strategy to handle cases of conduct disorders such as autism and cerebral palsy...
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...Running head: COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Abstract Counseling has been in existence from the beginning of time. From Jethro to Freud, therapists and philosophers have been seeking insight into the core of human nature and cognitions. Cognitive-Behavioral therapy (CBT) recognizes that faulty cognitions and beliefs affect the behaviors of individuals. One method of cognitive-behavior therapy, reality therapy, incorporates the concepts of free choice and personal responsibility that are taught both in Scripture and Dr. William Glasser’s choice theory. Other aspects of CBT, such as cognitive restructuring and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), also work towards eliminating negativistic attitudes of clients in exchange for more effective and realistic methods for interpreting the situations experienced in daily life. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy It is suggested that an individual’s personality is a complex system of cognition, emotion, will, physiology, and spirituality. Hawkins proposes nine aspects of the human self to be active influences on one’s personality: “body, cognition, feelings, volition, human spirit, Holy Spirit, sin/flesh/SAS, temporal systems, and spiritual systems (Hawkins COUN507_BO1_200920). Each therapist individually determines what factors they believe to make up a person’s being. Larry Crabb views humans as involving both the physical and spiritual aspects of man...
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...Cognitive Therapy for Depression Cognitive Therapy also known as (CT) is a form of psychotherapy that was developed by the psychiatrist Aaron T. Beck. This style of therapy is one that can change the unrealistic views and way of thinking of the client. This paper will discuss Cognitive Therapy for Depression on children, adults, the evidence that supports CT, and the disadvantages and advantages of CT. This paper will also discuss on how certain life experiences can cause psychological distress and how depression can develop in one’s life from childhood all the way to becoming an adult. The goal of Cognitive Therapy is to provide help to patients/clients become aware of their behavior, and challenge their negative thoughts that can cause psychological distress. A positive way to get rid of those behavioral patterns is that of reinforcement and be able to correct them. The therapist that works with Cognitive Therapy usually shows a lot of empathy to the client and will help the client as much as they can to be able to decide on a treatment plan that would be beneficial to them (Beck, A. T. (2012). Supporting Evidence Cognitive therapy was traditionally developed as a traditional therapeutic approach to mental illness. As mentioned previously; the goal of Cognitive Therapy or Cognitive Behavior Therapy is to teach the clients how to evaluate their behavior and how to accept and deal with the mishaps of life (Corey, G. 2009 p.279). The therapist will challenge the client’s...
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...Cognitive therapy is a psychotherapy it’s originated from cognitive theory of depression and its treatments are designed to remove irrational beliefs and negative thoughts that are presumed to be responsible for psychological disorders. The goal of a therapists in utilizing cognitive therapy works under the notion to help change the way a client thinks about themselves and the world. It’s important as a therapists to help change a patient’s thought patterns, and their behavior so that the individual can move forward in life. Cognitive therapy involves working with the therapists to develop skills, and to identify distorted thinking. My first approach as a therapist with cognitive behavioral therapy is to ask questions, listen intently, and...
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...From behaviorism to constructivism: the cognitive-behavioural approach to counselling (136 in book)Page 34 (in jotter) Behavioral alteration is an approach that takes as its beginning stage the Skinnerian thought that any circumstance or because of any boost the individual accessible a collection of conceivable reactions to any jolt, and discharges the conduct that is strengthened or compensated. This standard is known as 'operant condition' e.g. on being posed a question by somebody , there are numerous conceivable methods for reacting. The individual can address the inquiry, overlook the inquiry or they can flee. Skinner(1953) contended that the reaction which is overlooked is the particular case that has been most much of the time fortified previously. So for this situation most individuals will address an inquiry in light of the fact that in the past this conduct has brought about fortifications, for example, consideration or applause from the examiner or material prizes. In the event that, the individual has been raised in a family in which noting inquiries prompts physical ill-use and fleeing prompts wellbeing then their conduct will reflect this past support history.. They will run off. Connected to people with behavioral issues, these thoughts propose that it is useful to remunerate or strengthen coveted or fitting conduct and disregard unseemly conduct. On the off chance that a reaction or conduct is not remunerated it will as per Skinner, under go a procedure...
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...THERAPY PLAN COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY Baron Jones Southern New Hampshire University, Online This paper will focus on the theoretical part of this case study that is how we can help the 23yrear old girl overcome the disorder that she is suffering from. Additionally the paper will incorporate the counseling knowledge gained in this course for example ways of dealing with patients in terms of being patient with the victim since the recovery process does not happen over a day it is a step by step process as the patient gains the ability to overcome the feeling and thought that make her regurgitating food and deal with the fear she has of being overweight and her friends calling her fat as the mother and friends explained. We will apply the cognitive theory of depression to help her since experts have confirmed that the techniques that the theory proposes are actually effective especially in dealing with eating disorders. This is just a recap of what we are going to discuss in this paper so let being our detailed discussion. THE COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THEORY To being our discussion we are going to talk about the cognitive behavior theory, and as we mentioned earlier cognitive behavior has been proven to be the best method of dealing with psychotherapeutic disorders and for our case we are going to use it to develop a therapy plan to help the 23year old girl overcome her eating disorder. Additionally, cognitive behavior therapy has its advantage and disadvantage and as we have mentioned...
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...The article of Stiles, W.B., Barkham, M., Mellor-Clark, J., Connell, J. (2007), the effectiveness of cognitive-Behavioral, person-centered, and psychodynamic therapies as practiced in (www.users.miamioh.edu), UK primary care routine practice reconfirmed the effectiveness of Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapy & Counseling. The creator to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is credited to Dr. Carl Rogers. Carl Rogers had a set of beliefs and his views when treating clients. Dr. Carl Rogers believed that all humans were good people. Rogers’s underlying assumptions are that people are fundamentally trustworthy, that they have a vast potential for understanding themselves and resolving their problems without direct intervention on...
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...Depression and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy i Depression and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Your Name Course Information Professor May 2013 Depression and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy i Abstract Depression is a common psychological problem that has both physical and mental symptoms. “Some authorities have estimated that at least 12% of the population have had or will have an episode of depression of sufficient clinical severity to warrant treatment” (Beck, 1979). Some of the features of depression include negative thought processes and loss of concentration or memory. Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) has emerged as one of the most promising treatments for the problem of depression. CBT has many advantages in treating depression, such as helping patients recognize and address negative thoughts. However, there are limitations and CBT is not always accepted as a viable treatment option for some. This paper addresses the goals of CBT in treating depression, the advantages and limitations of CBT for depression and explains how the therapy works to treat depression. Depression and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 1 Depression and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy “Since its introduction in the 1970s, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression has become one of the most widely investigated...
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...The essay aims to critically review Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) as a chosen intervention for clients suffering from dual diagnosis. A definition will be offered and a rationale given for choosing the intervention. This will be followed by a critique on the available evidence base for using the intervention with those with dual diagnosis. Essay will critically appraise the pros and cons of the chosen treatment interventions including its benefits in meeting the needs of the identified client group. This essay will then explore the efficacy of CBT for this client group. A conclusion will be given to establish whether the chosen interventions appropriately meet the needs of the chosen client group. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-V),...
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...Applying an Integrated Approach to a Case Example: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Person Centered Therapy Applying an Intergraded Approach to a Case Example: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Person Centered Therapy Theory plays an important role in the process and outcome of therapy. For this reason, it is a topic that is examined in depth in human service education programs and research. Theory is used to explain client problems and to dictate what is done in the counseling process (Hackney, 1992). Theory can be used to define “the nature of the relationship between the counselor and client, to conceptualize the nature of the presenting problem(s), and to define the resulting counseling goals or desired outcomes” (p.2). In the past, much focus has been paid on delineating and accentuating the differences between the many theories of therapy (Sprenkle, 2003, p. 93). Today, there is a move towards convergence of theories within the helping practices (Hackney, 1992, p. 3; Sprenkle, 2003). Researchers and practitioners are searching for an integrated approach which emphasizes the key components within the helping process and relationship that have been linked to effective therapy (Hackney, 1992, p.2). Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and Person-Centered Therapy (PCT) have been shown to bring about positive changes in therapy. CBT and PCT, like all single-theory approaches, have limitations. Literature suggests that...
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...This assignment will discuss the application of the Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) in mental health nursing with reference to its principles and those of the Recovery Model. A brief discussion of CBT’s historical and developmental background in the management of mental health problems relating to the principles of recovery model will first be outlined. Subsequently, the range of treatment modalities used for depression preceding the start of CBT will be discussed with reference to the recovery model. The principles of CBT will then be evaluated and two CBT approaches used with depression will be explored giving a rationale for choosing them. Within the context of mental health care provision, limitations of CBT will then be explored. The assignment will conclude with highlighting the importance of adapting and using CBT approaches and the future development of new models of nursing practice. Confidentiality will be maintained throughout, in line with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2008). A list of appropriate literature and references will be provided. CBT is a psychological and behavioural treatment therapy that seeks to identify, evaluate and restructure dysfunctional beliefs, thoughts and emotional disturbances focusing on the here-and-now principle for conditions such as anxiety and depression (Bennett, 2011). It is based on the idea that the way people think is affected by their thoughts, beliefs and behaviour, hence helping clients to acknowledge how this...
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