...sociologists rightly point to the fact that it is a specific method of testing, which is assumed to work closely with each investigator and the respondent. The interview is a process in which the investigator is trying to influence the study posed questions and get him to give a speech on the subject of research. It is one of the methods, which allows parallel use of another-namely observation. TYPES OF INTERVIEW: Due to the form of expression of the respondents and the way the interview, and also because of the behavior of the investigator and the number of participants, which are used in the social sciences. We can therefore distinguish the following interviews: oral and written, categorized and Uncategorized, overt and covert, individual and collective, and panels. WRITTEN AND ORAL INTERVIEW: In addition to the interviews conducted in a classical sense, ie, by speaking to the investigator of one or more speakers, there are also interviews in which questions are asked in writing (eg, survey) and the answers are given in writing, directly to the questions listed in the questionnaire, or in another manner, for example, for any given researching cards. INTERVIEW Interview categorized and categorized NIESKATEGARYZOWANY ie. "Questionnaires" are carried out strictly in accordance with a pre-prepared questionnaire. Examination of the interview is not allowed to change not only the words used in different questions, but even the order of the questions contained in the questionnaire. The purpose...
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...The analogy provided by Goffman’s study that compares life to theater is a suggestion that often people are prone to conduct themselves in a manner sensitive to the reactions, perceptions, and expectations of others when in public (McIntyre, 2011, pp. 126-134). This behavior does not suggest that people are not being authentic or sincere, but rather a recognition that people succumb to conformity to some degree. In regards to Adrian Aveni’s work in The Not-So-Lonely Crowd: Friendship Groups in Collective Behavior (McIntyre, 2011, pp. 135-138), people do bad things when in a group setting because their own identity is embedded with the collective group. This collective group is representative of ideas, behaviors, and relationships that the individual identifies with and becomes more comfortable acting on in this environment. In The Pathology of Imprisonment (McIntyre, 2011, pp. 140-143), Philip Zimbardo illustrates how individuals act according the role they are placed in. For example, Zimbardo’s subjects had identical social attributes and were randomly assigned a role either as a prison guard or as an inmate (McIntyre, 2011, p. 141). However the uniformity of their social attributes quickly eroded, as they eventually began to fully adopt their role and act accordingly. This is demonstrated by the prison guards acting cruel towards the prisoners, and the prisoners being subservient and resentful of the guards. Based on the reading from Paules (McIntyre, 2011, pp. 145-152)...
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...has implications at all levels of management within organizations. Similarly, Champoux (2006) defines theory as "a plausible explanation of a phenomenon" (p. 8). He further asserts that "people often describe theory as abstract, boring, and not associated with the real world" (p. 8). In a similar vain, Senge (1994) suggests that people see theory as having something to do with science; suggesting something cold, analytic, and impersonal. Senge vehemently rejects this notion. He counters, "nothing could be further from the truth. The process whereby scientists generate new theories is full of passion, imagination, and the excitement of seeing something new in the world" (p. 29). Theories have contributed mightily to the collective understanding and knowledge of our society today. These contributions have conspired to heighten our leadership and performance capacity. To paraphrase Senge (1994), "theory-less" tools are not likely to add to your store of generalizeable knowledge. Without theories, a tool might work in a given situation, but may fail in another; without theory, we would not be able to discern these variations. Moreover, with no underlying theory, we may not always appreciate the limitations of a tool, or even its...
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...IMP-2000 software team is a disaster because of the free-riding nature of its team members, the failure to engage within their team and with other IMP participants, failure to diagnose task objectives, and failure to establish functional team norms. The IMP-2000 software team fails to establish a successful team environment resulting in free-riding by team members. Caldwell contributes the most visible effort to the collective output of the team. He is the only software team member that presents during each of the Modules to the other IMP participants and facilitation team. It is unclear if Meier and Winkel present during any Modules. Most notable, during Module 4, while recommendations and implementation strategies are the primary module component, Caldwell discusses his interviews with managers at Texas Instruments and Teves. While the presentation in Module 4 fails to show any preliminary conclusions, it illustrates Meier’s and Winkel’s lack of team participation and failure to exert little/no effort in the collective success of their team deliverable. As a collective, the IMP-2000 software team also fails to engage in formal and informal interaction within their team and with other IMP participants. Though Meier and Winkel were of German decent, as members of a global organization and the selected IMP members, it was imperative that their business acumen and cross-cultural communication skills were tested with their colleagues. Meier and Winkel fail to engage in sports or other...
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...when it came to hiring CEO’s, CFO’s, etc. This bad judgment of management picks put the company in a financial bind and caused significant decreases in the market capitalization. The investigation into all of this was time consuming but to many it seemed as if justice prevailed in the end. I think that Kozlowski’s motivation for avoiding sales taxes was that he was simply being greedy for money and trying not to let the company know that he was using their funds to purchase all of these personal items. He knew that on purchases that large, the sales tax would be just as costly and this was his way of scheming to not pay it. The text states that, ‘Business ethics can be defined as the collective values of a business organization that can be used to evaluate whether the behavior of the collective members of the organization are considered acceptable and appropriate” and it was very clear that Kozlowski did not take into consideration whether what he was doing was ethical. He had to have known that this was not the right thing to do especially after making a speech to students telling them to do what’s right and not what is easy. In this case, commingling assets was depicted as a very bad business decision that Kozlowski and others made. Whenever this happens, it is just like the people are...
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...Based on the true life events of Chris Gardner, now an American entrepreneur, investor, stock broker, author, and renowned speaker, The Pursuit of Happyness explores Chris Gardner’s ups and downs with homelessness in the early 1980’s. Gardner faces multiple struggles in his conquest to take care of his child as a single father, while also attempting to maintain a job and provide the basic necessities for primarily his son and himself when possible. Even as things begin to appear like they may be getting better for Gardner, they suddenly and continuously get much worse. However, through these crests and troughs in Gardner’s life, one can see Chris reflecting on and learning from his past, moving from a more individualized identity to a collective one, and displaying the spirit of generosity with what little he had. One of the most prevalent aspects of the movie from the beginning is Gardner learning from his past, more specifically his parents past, a theme also prevalent in Bordas’ text “Salsa, Soul, and Spirit”. In the text, Bordas uses the word Sankofa to mean reaching back and collecting experiences, values, and culture and to learn from them in order to avoid the drawbacks and stalemates of history. She says, “Sankofa rests on the foundation of the past, its feet are facing forward. This ancient symbol counsels us that the past is a pathway to understanding the present and creating a strong future.” (Bordas 28). Within the first few minutes of the film, Gardner recalls...
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...University of Phoenix Material Group Influence This required Portfolio assignment due in Week Four will give you experience observing and interacting with people outside of the classroom. It has been designed to provide you with the opportunity to develop skills, synthesize knowledge, and integrate learning in a real world setting. This assignment accomplishes that goal by challenging you to: • Observe a group discussing a topic of interest such as a focus group, a community public assembly, a department meeting at your workplace, or local support group • Study how the group members interact and impact one another • Analyze how the group behaviors and communication patterns influence social facilitation • Integrate your findings with evidence-based literature from journal articles, textbook, and additional scholarly sources Purpose: To provide you with an opportunity to experience a group setting and analyze how the presence of others substantially influences the behaviors of its members through social facilitation. Process: You will participate as a guest at an interest group meeting in your community to gather data for a qualitative research paper. Once you have located an interest group, contact stakeholders and explain the purpose of your inquiry. After you receive permission to participate, you will schedule a date to attend the meeting; at which time you will observe the members and document the following for your analysis: Part I • How were...
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...Training and Development My needs assessment for my course project is going very well. I handed out twenty-five surveys around my office and surrounding offices. I informed them it was for school purposes and to be candid as they would not be viewed by anyone within our office. I only have about 5 still out and expect them back this week. The early results appear to be following right along the major study conducted last year of our organization. I have an appointment with our organizational training development lead this Monday to discuss the original survey and its intent. Along with the results, I expect to discover how it was decided to determine the questions. How the results were used to set up a training plan is also on my agenda. One issue I discovered was how I was going to track the data from the survey. I decided on a simple Excel Spreadsheet to take an initial look at the data. This gives a great overview quickly. I simply take each survey and enter the selection into the spreadsheet and review the total numbers after. The data can also be utilized in a graph for analysis. I also decided to use paper surveys instead of doing it online because of security issues. I discussed it with my supervisor and we came to the conclusion that our security office might have issue with it. So to ward off any possible conflict I decided paper. Other than that there were no issues with doing the survey. When looking at the individual level analysis I...
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...vocation like the benefits that are from the realized activities, will be only perceived by the partners. Antecedents The old one straight did not know Institution mercantile society with legal personality, the one that is creation of the modern world. Decrees of Bilbao only regulated the collective societies and the silent partners. Elements In the Mercantile Societies there are three fundamental elements: the social ones, patrimonial and the formal ones: • Personal element: It is constituted by the partners, people who contribute and reunite their efforts (goods, capitals or works) • Patrimonial element: It is formed by the set of goods that are contributed to form the share capital, the goods, work, etc. • Formal element: It is the set of rules regarding the form or solemnity with which one is due to have to the contract that gives rise to the society like a right individuality. Classification The mercantile Societies can be classified according to several criteria, between which they emphasize the following: According to the predominance of the elements • Societies of People: they are the societies in which the personal element predominates. They are the collective societies and in simple silent partnership. • Intermediate societies: In these societies the predominant element is not very clear. They are the Limited liability company and the Silent partnership...
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...1. What is Groupon and how does it work? What is Groupon’s market? What does this company do and how does it make money? Groupon is a deal-of-the-day recommendation service for consumers. Every 24 hours, Groupon broadcasts an electronic coupon for a specific service while also offering you a 50% to 90% discount if you purchase that service as long as and Groupon has a minimum number of purchasers The Groupon’s typical customers are young, well-educated, single, urban female, employed with significant earning power. Groupon make money by taking a 40 to 50% cut of all revenues generated from the daily deal. Groupon pay to the business after a deal and the business will not expend any money until customers redeem the Groupon. If subscribers who purchased a deal that failed to reach the minimum, their credit cards were not charged. Thus encourage subscribers to share a deal with friends. a. What does Groupon do that makes businesses willing to pay for its services? Groupon is a commission-based middleman. They provide a motivated customer base to the seller, and a promise to achieve a number of sales per day. If Groupon doesn't meet that promised quota, there is no need for the seller to provide any discount services, nor any commission pay to Groupon. Much more common, however, is where Groupon exceeds their quota of daily interested customers, the company earns a commission from the sales. b. Why is Groupon such a big deal? That is, why should consumers pay attention to what...
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...Huntington-Ingalls: A Unionized Organization Huntington Ingalls Industries (HII) designs, builds and maintains nuclear ships. For more than a century, HII has assembled more ships in more ship classes than any U.S. naval shipbuilder. HII employ over 38,000 workers in Virginia, Mississippi, and California. The main business divisions are Ingalls Shipbuilding and Newport News Shipbuilding (Huntington Ingalls Industries, Inc., 2011). Ingalls Shipbuilding is a division of Huntington Ingalls Industries. Ingalls Shipbuilding was industrialized by Ingalls Iron Works in 1939, on the east bank of the Pascagoula River. The U.S. Maritime Commission erected Ingalls as a long-range shipbuilding program and was bought by Litton Industries. The yard began to grow with the assistance of the State of Mississippi. Mississippi created “The Shipyard of the Future” on the west bank of the Pascagoula River. In 2001, Northrop Grumman bought Litton and Ingalls was combined with Avondale as Northrop Grumman Ship Systems. In March 2011, the yard was spun off, together with Newport News, as Huntington Ingalls Industries, with each yard winning back its old name (Ingalls Shipbuilding, 2011). Unions are a group of workers that have come together to accomplish goals such as better working conditions. They bargain with the organization on behalf of the union members and negotiate labor contracts with employers. Unions usually bargain on wages, work rules, grievances, instruction leading to hiring, firing...
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...Under siege - 1 Under Siege: The Kraft Foods 2009 Labor Conflict in Argentina Roberto Luchi Austral University - IAE RLuchi@iae.edu.ar A. Ariel Llorente Austral University - IAE aal05@cema.edu.ar Paper Presented at the 25th Annual International Association of Conflict Management Conference Spier, South Africa July 12 14, 2012 Abstract: This paper examines a particular labor-management negotiation process, a Mandatory Conciliation (MC), as it is named in the Argentinean labor legal system, that took place from July through mid October, 2009, between the managers of the Multinational Corporation (MNC) Kraft Foods (KFT) subsidiary in Argentina -Kraft Foods Argentina (KFTA)- and the Workers Internal Commission (WIC) of the firm s most important industrial plant in the country. The Argentinean Ministry of Labor (MLAB) convened the MC negotiation to settle an organizational conflict, regarding of opposing views about what preventive measures were adequate to cope the risks posed over the workers health by the 2009 global epidemic outbreak of swine influenza A(H1N1), that escalated out of the parties control. The contribution of our case study, on such specific type of labormanagement negotiation, is that it allows to gain a better understanding on how negotiators, confront the complexity of contextual circumstances and manage the process and, in addition, that it explores through the theoretical lens of the Turning Points (TP) framework -precipitants...
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...Labor unions have a long and colorful history in the United States. To some people, they conjure up thoughts of organized crime and gangsters like Jimmy Hoffa. To others, labor unions represent solidarity among the working classes, bringing people together across many professions to lobby for better rights, wages and benefits. As of 2006, 15.4 million people were union members, and although union membership peaked in 1945 when 35 percent of the nonagricultural workforce were union members, unions are still a powerful influence in the United States (and even more powerful in many other countries). (Silverman, J., 2012) They are also an important and fundamental part of the history of United States commerce and the country’s growth into an economic powerhouse. Unions began forming in the mid-19th century in response to the social and economic impact of the industrial revolution. National labor unions began to form in the post-Civil War Era. The Knights of Labor emerged as a major force in the late 1880s, but it collapsed because of poor organization, lack of effective leadership, disagreement over goals, and strong opposition from employers and government forces. (Silverman, J., 2012) The American Federation of Labor, founded in 1886 and led by Samuel Gompers until his death in 1924, proved much more durable. It arose as a loose coalition of various local unions. (Silverman, J., 2012) It helped coordinate and support strikes and eventually became a major player in national politics...
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...BOOK FIVE LABOR RELATIONS Title I POLICY AND DEFINITIONS Chapter I POLICY Article. 211. Declaration of Policy. - A. It is the policy of the State: (a) To promote and emphasize the primacy of free collective bargaining and negotiations, including voluntary arbitration, mediation and conciliation, as modes of settling labor or industrial disputes; (b) To promote free trade unionism as an instrument for the enhancement of democracy and the promotion of social justice and development; (c) To foster the free and voluntary organization of a strong and united labor movement; (d) To promote the enlightenment of workers concerning their rights and obligations as union members and as employees; (e) To provide an adequate administrative machinery for the expeditious settlement of labor or industrial disputes; (f) To ensure a stable but dynamic and just industrial peace; and (g) To ensure the participation of workers in decision and policy-making processes affecting their rights, duties and welfare. B. To encourage a truly democratic method of regulating the relations between the employers and employees by means of agreements freely entered into through collective bargaining, no court or administrative agency or official shall have the power to set or fix wages, rates of pay, hours of work or other terms and conditions of employment, except as otherwise provided under this Code. (As amended by Section 3, Republic Act No. 6715, March 21, 1989). ...
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...Vericomp Case Study Team – Group 18 Team Members – Abhishu Rakshit (FT12182) Rohan Shah (FT12183) Planning and Preparation Analyzing the numbers Nominal Price - As put up during the earlier round of negotiation, the purchase price was $5,000,000. We had prepared to try and bring that down to $4,500,000 as normal bargaining. Schedule of Payments - Initially it was decided to have back loaded payments. We went with an intention of earning better discounts by making them front loaded payments or level payments as we were the pioneers in the industry and thus would have good cash balance. Service - Standard service was agreed upon. But as this is specialized machinery, we would require complete service coverage which was a level 4 service level. We needed to negotiate the service price. Delivery Date - Our requirement was for immediate delivery. This should not be much of a problem according to us as Riggs was capable of delivering the machinery as soon as possible is what we assumed. Although due to relocation of labor resources we may have had to give some up charge regarding immediate delivery but we wanted to offset this by changing the schedule of payments. Actions during the negotiation and Actions decided/done after: We began the negotiation by starting the pricing for the level 4 service. Initial range of the service pricing was varying between $1.4 million and $2 million. After much persuasion and understanding each others’ issues, we...
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