...When we discuss the discovery and colonization of the Americas, Columbus often comes to mind first. These days we analyze Christopher Columbus in various ways. Was he a pioneer that changed the world for the better? Or was he a man who began the end of a native way of life? Can we actually accuse Christopher Columbus of mass murder? These questions will most likely never be answered. One fact is certain: from 1492 and throughout the 16th century, Latin America’s native population was invaded, conquered, enslaved, and killed. Wasserman and Martin described it perfectly when they wrote, “Almost overnight, the natives of the Caribbean went from trading partners to slaves.” [Wasserman, pg. 80] Columbus envisioned a vast array of trading posts to come out from his discoveries. What happened instead was colonization. It is clear that Columbus’ search for wealth, trading routes, gold, and fame led to the mass destruction of the native population of Latin America. Columbus described the natives as “very intelligent,” and “a very fine people.” [Four Voyages, pg. 96] He believed from the start that these people could easily be converted to Christianity because of their honest, sincere character. The obsession that Queen Isabella had with spreading Christianity actually gave Columbus the opportunity to take the voyage. When gold was discovered, more settlers began arriving. Island-by-Island was taken over and the native population was used to extract resources. This was all done in the...
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...married off as soon as their fathers had an idea of who they wanted to be allied with and to move up in hierarchy. As Susan Socolow said, “Indeed, chiefs offered their sisters and daughters to Spanish conquistadors, continuing the pre-Columbian pattern of using women to appease the powerful and ally with them.” Reigning Spanish conquistadors or other tribal leaders sought to establish alliances, so women were in other words seen as objects to benefit them. Spanish women at the time of colonization were rare, but for instance, Juan Jaramillo was one of the early conquistadors who married. As said, “Her father, don Leonel de Cervantes was a comendador of the Order of Santiago…” The few rare Spanish women available during the colonization state tended to be noble daughters of comendadors, who were married off quickly to other rising nobles, which is similar to how mestiza women were given off, but different because their availability was minimal and their status as well. During the colonization state in the story of Catalina de Erauso, “The lady was well-off, with a good deal of livestock and cattle, and it seems that, since Spaniards were scare in those parts, she began to fancy me as a husband for her...
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...rest of the day. After a few days passed, Adrian brought that incident up again and we both laughed about it. I then developed enough courage to ask again, “Can you teach me a few words in Filipino?” Adrian chuckled and explained to me, “Our language is called Tagalong and yeah sure it’s going to be pretty easy for you to learn since you know Spanish already”. I turned and asked “How’s that?” He responded by saying “’Cuz you f*ckers colonized us” Ever since then, Adrian has been teaching me a lot about the Philippines and their history, which is why when we had to write an essay about colonization, I knew exactly what I was going to write about. I know what I was interested in and started my research on it. What I really wanted to know was, how did the Spanish colonization influence the Philippines? After doing some research, I came to the conclusion that the Spanish colonization...
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...“ Abstract I will use two maps of a country or geographic region illustrating changes brought about by an era of Australian colonialism. I will then compare the contrasts of the two maps, explaining how the colonial period affected the cultural-language, ethnic, and religious-patterns of the selected country or area. This paper will represent my findings, descriptions, and comparisons using the following headings: What the area or country was like prior to European colonization. The reasons it was colonized. Its development and struggles since the colonization era. In 1786 a British decision was made to send a colonization party to newly “discovered” lands mapped and named New Holland. (Otherwise known as Australia) The native people of that land had no idea of other lands or peoples other than myths handed down. The peoples of this land have been there an estimated 10 thousand years. There are hundreds of different dialects. As well as long established art. (Figure 1) Figure 1 Figure 2 There was an entire undiscovered nation of peaceful human beings with all the same attributes as any other race on the planet. It seems the difference was the greed. They were a nomadic people used bone and wood to make weapons to hunt with. They hunted birds and kangaroo. Lizards and fish were eaten as well as plants in the area. When they had depleted the resources in that area, they moved on. And this method of survival lasted for thousands of...
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...The introduction of colonialism was brought about to civilise people and was used as a tool in the colonial power system. Not only did it help maintain the power structure, but it also aided in the maintenance of western ideologies inflicted upon the colonised. With this colonial power comes the perpetuation of other power symbols: Patriarchy is a medium to oppress under the category of retaining power. Colonialism and patriarchy are inextricably linked. Tsitsi Dangaremba's Nervous Conditions is used to portray the impact of these power hierarchies, and how it all comes down to the root of ‘Englishness’. The female characters are used in order to reveal how resistance to oppression works, even though the outcomes are successful to different degrees. Nervous Conditions demonstrates how the traditional, colonised women suffer the most. Dangaremba shows in the novel that regardless of the class and social status differentiating the women, oppression through colonialism and patriarchy exists in all forms: “The needs and sensibilities of the women in my family were not considered a priority, or even legitimate,” (Dangaremba 12). Tambu, the protagonist of the novel, right from the beginning explicitly reveals the hardship which the women endure. In the novel, the women all undergo oppression from Babamukuru, the main male figure, who epitomises the inextricability of colonialism and patriarchy. He is a ‘good African’, trained under western rule. His role is to set standards for his...
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...Early Colonization Ethnic and cultural diversity is an internationally shared social experience. In today’s society several countries possess “natives” of different ethnicity. Many ethnicity who are believed to be original natives of their country are usually descendants of colonists or a race made up of a mixture of ethnicity from a particular region. Early colonialism is one cause for such diversity. Colonization is the establishment of a colony through the organized migration to an outside territory. From the 1600’s to 1800’s Western Europeans were the colonized groups dominating many parts of the world for a variety of reasons. Many conquest to other countries were to discover natural resources like, spices, gold and other trade-able material unique to its region. Some expedition set out to explore for other reasons like proving a theory or to follow up on stories told by their fellow explorers. Once reaching their destination, other factors made them stay such as the discovery of monetary gain, religious freedom and political powers. While some countries like China, were unable to become colonized, others were dominated to the extent of their people eventually becoming a minority in their own land. Imperialistic ambition was a major element in the colonization of many third world countries. As immigrants settled on foreign soil, they believed they were legitimately entitled to occupy the land. They eventually impose their economic, religion, and social systems onto an...
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...Indian Political and Economic History Stages of British Rule 1. What are the characteristics of the “First Stage “ of colonial rule in India? 2. How did East India gain by capturing political power in India? 3. Describe about early settlement Acts? 4. If one carefully studies the period of Indian history between 1757 and 1940 one finds clearly identifiable stages of British colonization each with its specific and distinguishable characteristics. Can you identify the main features of each stage with corresponding impacts on the Indian economy? 5. “The emergence of Industrial Britain resulted in De-industrialization and commercialization of Indian Agriculture in the early part of Nineteenth century”. Do you agree? Explain your conclusions. 6. Discuss the impact of the military and industrial revolutions upon India up to 1858. Which of these would you regard as more important? Industrial Revolution 1. The industrial revolution in the UK changed the nature of British interest in India. Comment. 2. How was the Indian economy affected by the change? 3. What role did opium play in that regard? 4. Would you attribute the origins of the industrial revolution to the inventive genius of the English people? Provide reasons for your answer. 5. Analyze the cause and conditions of the emergence of the factory system of production in Western Europe. What are the chief characteristics...
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...The Caribbean’s history is rooted in colonialism. When Christopher Columbus first arrived in the Caribbean it was inhabited by the indigenous people of the region. This eventually led to the other major European players to take up settlement in the region. Eventually, these settlements supplemented by a slave labour force from Africa grew into a large colonised settlement. This became an engrained system and as such many of the remnants of colonization still have a strong grip on how people operate in the region. Ideas of sex, sexuality and sex work which are now prominent in the region was shaped during this time of the historical development of the region. According to Elizabeth Hartney, sex work is the term for engaging in sexual activity for money or otherwise working in the sex industry. Depending on the work, activities might include: physical contact with a paying client, creating or being the subject of sex-related photos or videos, engaging in phone sex, participating in live sex shows. This is short is prostitution. Kamala Kempadoo (1999) gives an invaluable background into the history of Caribbean sex work and how it was influenced by colonial powers. It is stated that “prostitution is inextricably tied to the power and control exerted by European colonizers over black women….” Research showed that slave masters not only had complete control over the labour of their work force but also over the sexual labour of their women. The slave masters exercised their control...
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...Colonization occurs to establish domination over a geographically external political unit (British Empire over Turtle Island). The colonies are to be dominated economically and politically and therefore subordinate to, and then dependent upon, the more powerful colonizing country. In addition, the colonizer usually exploits the land, the raw materials, the labor, and other resources of the colonized nations (fisheries, art, ceremony, children). Finally, differences in power, autonomy and political status are formally recognized, and the colonizer establishes mechanisms to maintain colonization. (Balandier, 1951; Blauner, 1969). These beliefs of colonialism are indoctrinated from a papal document from Pope Nicolas V to King Alfonso the V of Portugal in 1452. This document stated that Europeans had the right to attack, conquer and subjugate Saracens, pagans, and other enemies of Christ wherever they were to be found. So, when Christopher Columbus arrived in 1492, he had the ingrained notion that it was his right to take over the land, that...
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...Colonization of America Reflecting on the lives and writings of John Smith, James Winthrop and William Bradford, we learn about the important roles they played in the Colonization of America. Even though John Smith was unable to finish colonizing Jamestown, he still had the principal ideas on how it should be done. His famous statement, “He who does not work shall not eat” (pg. 236 paragraph one). This profound statement forced the wealthy to work alongside the poor. Proving that no one is better than the other even if they are of a different class. Smith was always looking out for the best interest of his people by coming up with ways to bring them monetary wealth and successes through using the resources the new world provided; furthermore, Smith realized the importance that the “Natives” has on the colonies survival. He knew they could not survive without the “inferior” natives (pg. 257). The natives knew how to survive in the “new world”. James Winthrop and William Bradford also realized this and used the Indians as teachers and tools to learn how to survive. The settlers and natives become friendly with one another. It was not until later that the hostilities began, which led to wars. I believe the Indians felt sorry for the “superior” race and accepted the fact that we considered them “inferior”. They probably laughed at us because we thought we were so high and mighty, but we could not maintain our civilization in this unfamiliar land – like little infants rely on their...
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...Clayton Partridge World History to 1750 Professor Schultz Colonization and the First Globalization In order for one to gain a better knowledge of how terrestrial and ocean colonization unfolded in the Americas, Siberia, Africa, and China, a person must first understand the definition of colonization. Simply put, colonization is an ongoing process of control by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components. This means that a foreign government moves into the land and seizes control; gaining power, natural resources, and a larger economy. In the year 1492, an Italian explorer by the name of Christopher Columbus set out on an expedition departing from Spain in search of a faster ocean route to reach Asia. Him and his crew set foot on an island in the Bahamas 36 days after deporting from Spain. While in the Bahamas, Columbus and his men visited a total of three islands and built a settlement on Hispaniola Island with salvaged wreckage from one of their ships. Convinced he had reached Asia, he then set sail back to Spain with the two remaining ships. Columbus failed to find what he set out for – a new route to Asia along with the riches it promised, and he passed away short of success in 1506. However, Columbus was still successful in other terms. He is credited with the discovery of the New World and opening the Americas for European colonization. Following Columbus’s discovery, European nations that were on the Atlantic Rim exploited...
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...Native reactions to European Colonization were essential to the outcome of what would happen later in history. After Europe's rapid increase in population, the people then colonized to take over, spread, and make Europe stronger. Starting from the late nineteenth century going into the early twentieth century, Europe strived to colonize as much as possible. In the end there were two reactions to European Colonization. The countries had to have one response even if not everyone felt the same. People saw both the positives and negatives of this movement. Each continent had their own opinion, which surely shaped the outcome. The minority of sources were actually for this European colonization. Documents three, four, and five are all in favor...
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...The people of the early exploration and colonization are extremely focused on having the free will to practice their religion in their own ways. This focus on free practice of religion is the main purpose for why people are colonized in North America. Although most creation stories involve very similar purposes, the religions are very different, and there are different ways of worship and study of a religion. Some groups are very violent and disrespectful, to the Native Americans, as they travel through North America finding land to settle on. There are also groups that are very peaceful and make amends with the Natives. All of these things are described in the Iroquois Creation story, Bartolome de las Casas’ excerpt, and Bradford’s writings....
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...Colonization in the New World Justin P. Wilson Excelsior College Abstract With growing populations, limitations on land, and religious persecution, the desire and need for expansion to new lands was critical. Reasons for this are many, but the economic benefits and religious freedoms provided by this migration are extremely important to understand. Columbian Exchange Over time and through exploration, the New World was discovered. As migration took place, many benefits were discovered by the colonists and western expansion took place. Though there were many reasons for this movement, the economics of these new lands along with religious freedoms were two of the main reasons for migration. War and limitations on land use caused a dire need for expansion. Persecution for religious beliefs made it desirable to seek new homes to freely practice versus the active suppression. After a very costly war and a shift in demands, the English had a burning desire to obtain land. “Because of the worldwide demand for wool was growing rapidly, landowners were converting their land from fields for crops to pastures for sheep” (Brinkley, 2010). With land plots decreasing for crops and the effects of a war-torn Europe upon them, migration to new lands became more and more enticing. As migration took place, new land was obtained. With the new land came an expansion in economic incentives, from new trade to new crops. “Second, the discovery of the Americas provided the Old...
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