Introduction
Electronic communications have come a long way. It began in 1867 with the invention of the typewriter. Today we have various types of new technology, which makes us to do business faster and more efficient than ever before. Furthermore, electronic communication media such as TV, telephone and Internet have a variety of advantages such as higher speed instant transfers and the ability to send a large amount of data when compared with traditional methods such as mail, newspaper etc .Significantly, the various threats to this technology also increases day by day. And these threats can be categorized into various sections. Anyhow, as an Electrical Engineering student I can say that basically, Electrical vulnerabilities are seen in things such as spikes in voltage to different devices and hardware systems, or brownouts due to an insufficient voltage supply. Electrical threats also come from the noise of unconditioned power and, in some extreme circumstances, total power loss. And route (reason) to these situations can be divided into two categories. 1. NATURAL PROBLEMS. 2.HUMAN ACTIVITIES.

http://henapcblog.blogspot.co.uk/(picture)

Threats to the electronic communication
Natural problems
Natural effects have been a huge trouble for many technologies and for businesses then and now. This effects the electronic communication in a big level as well. Natural effects such as solar flares(affecting satellites).earth quakes and even rain can affect this technology. Anchors/Backhoes, Hurricanes too .
Solar flares
Solar storms can easily affect radio communications, satellite communications, radars and navigation systems. On frequencies below 30MHz, the ionosphere generally acts as an efficient reflector, allowing communications to distance. Solar extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray emissions from solar flares change the electron density and gradients in the ionosphere reflections. This affects the electronic communication in a bad way.

Solutions - Having Whole House Surge Protector. Unplugging Electronic Devices . Simply shielding power stations and satellites. (http://blog.ayoudo.com/blog/using-social-media-to-prepare-for-the-solar-storm/)(picture) damages to electronic communication infrastructure
Since most, if not all the electronic communication infrastructure depend on a " local nodes" like structure (TV/telephone/satellite relay stations, satellites, phone towers, servers etc.) any damage to even one of these critical areas can have a significant effect on the local communication. One of these areas getting affected by a natural disaster such as heavy rain, thunder storm and etc, will disturb the local communication.

Solutions - constructing these buildings in no flooding areas such as mountains. Earth metal decaying
Electronic communication by definition depends on electricity, and as a result the lack of electricity (a blackout or in a remote location such as a ship) can stop communication. And it is significant that ,coal which is used to produce electricity is decaying day by day .This will cause to insoluble problems in future. It is same with stored energy sourced such as batteries and etc. For an example another rare metal lithium which is used to produce batteries is decaying day by day. As a result ,this will make the future with no batteries to store energy.
Solutions - compulsory to dispose materials in a specific way.(lithium batteries) reinforce plastic. building energy efficiency and resource management.

Human Activities
It is obvious that the world is improving in science day by day with the support of human being. On the other hand, it is also understandable that the same human being invented threats to these technologies which are improving.
Internet security

There are programmes which have been invented to crash computers which is a main medium of electronic communication through internet. computer virus is an executable program. Depend on the nature of a virus, it may cause damage hard disk contents, and interfere normal operation of the computer. Computer worm is also more like to be virus ,but it is a standalone malware computer programme that reproduces itself and spread to other computers. As a result, these dangerous programmes can be mentioned as one of the challenging threats in electronic communication.

Solutions - Using genuine virus guards for computers. Using a pop-up blocker with the browser. Using a firewall(it helps to alert you when viruses try to get into the PCs)

changing use patterns often

Another threat is the changing use patterns of these communication media. For an example roughly a decade back the use of Internet was limited to static desktop computers with wired connections but after the smart phone revolution Internet service providers were forced to concentrate on wireless solutions and the "always connected" lifestyle forced the providers to rapidly increase the reliability and the coverage of their networks.

This "always connected" lifestyle also allows hackers to access private data, webcams, microphones, GPS which was not possible in the past. And this caused an increase in cyber terrorism.

There's also the problem of the time taken to change the legal system in response to the rapid change in technology and online culture. The problems with bit coins, unauthorised monitoring are prime examples.

Human Resources Human resources are more demandable and expensive .So it is compulsory that we use it properly. And now a day's its rarely seen that the correct person is there in right working place. In addition, High efficiency of human beings is more important than that of machines. We may classify human efficiency into physical, mental and intellectual efficiencies. Solutions- Limits should be personal. Must get paid for working hours time. People should spread and work. And must be the right person in the right place .

Conclusion

Government response to electronic technology threats Governments can update their rules, guidelines and standards. They can also educate people on such problems and how to overcome them. They can create backup systems to respond in case of an emergency.

For an example about two years back the 911 service in USA updated their systems to add the ability to receive SMS, photos and videos.

As a negative, there were some cases of children threatening their schools as jokes on Facebook and the schools taking it seriously and shutting down.
The government is working very hard to develop strategies on the space weather security policy and to implement measures and legislation on all sorts of different threats on the electronic technology .

business owners response to electronic technology threats

businesses can update their rules, guidelines and standards. They can also educate people on such problems and how to overcome them. They can create backup systems to respond in case of an emergency.
Moreover, they must be aware on the profit and loss percentages. So that that will be help the people to solve their problems without a loss.

Appendices

The effects of solar storms on radio communications .
(NSSA, 2007, Barnes, P.R and et al., 1991):
● HF radio communication (3-30MHz)
» Increased absorption.
» Depressed maximum usable frequencies (MUF).
» Increased fading and flutter
» Effect short–wave propagation through sunlit side of earth.
» Effect ground-to-air, ship-to-shore and amateur radio communications
» Increased lowest usable frequency (LUF)
●VHF propagation (30 – 300MHz)
» Effect pagers and cellular phones
» Susceptibility to fadeout of the high and low band in mobile voice communications for dispatching utility company line crews
● Satellite communications (200MHz to several GHz)
» Increased scattering of satellite-to-ground ultra high frequency (UHF) transmissions or scintillation can seriously interfere with direct satellite communications links
» Radio frequency interfere (RFI)
» Loss of phase lock
» Severe distortion of data transmissions from geosynchronous satellites
» Erroneous positioning information from single frequency GPS
» Drastic loss in spacecraft electrical power due to inability to reposition craft.
»Faraday rotation of the plane of polarization effect on satellites that employ linear polarization up to 1GHz
(http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/aasr-vol4-iss4/AASR-2012-4-4-1825-1832.pdf

Damages to Electronic communication due to natural disasters. This is a fine example

Taiwan Earthquakes – December 2006
•
Large earthquakes hit Luzon Strait, south of Taiwan on 26 December 2006
•
7 of 9 cables in the strait were severed
•
7901 prefix outages (28% of region)
•
15,780 unstable prefixes (36% of region)
•
All cables reported repaired 51 days later!

(source: 14 February 2007, Office of the
Telecommunications Authority of Hong Kong)

http://www.renesys.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/20thAnnualFIRST.pdf

References

1. (n.d.). Retrieved october 30, 2013, from Reneys: http://www.renesys.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/20thAnnualFIRST.pdf

[ (Renesys) ]

2. (n.d.). Retrieved october 30, 2013, from Renesys: http://www.renesys.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/20thAnnualFIRST.pdf
Hena Aktar Professional Competences. (n.d.). Retrieved october 2013, 30, from blogspot: http://henapcblog.blogspot.co.uk/

[ (Hena Aktar Professional Competences) ]

3. (n.d.). Retrieved october 30, 2013, from Renesys: http://www.renesys.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/20thAnnualFIRST.pdf
Hena Aktar Professional Competences. (n.d.). Retrieved october 2013, 30, from blogspot: http://henapcblog.blogspot.co.uk/ waste management world. (n.d.). Retrieved october 7, 2013, from waste management world: http://www.waste-management-world.com/articles/2013/10/uk-government-takes-option-3-following-e-waste-recycling-consultation.html

[ (waste management world) ]

4 .kaspeersky lab. (n.d.). Retrieved october 3, 2013, from kaspersky: http://usa.kaspersky.com/internet-security-center/threats/web#.UnvkmvkwpDo

[ (kaspeersky lab) ]

5.china.org.cn. (n.d.). Retrieved october 3, 2013, from china.org.cn: http://www.china.org.cn/business/2012-03/25/content_24979534.htm

[ (china.org.cn) ]

6. [ (Norman) ]