...Compare the business culture of the UK with that of Japan. How would business negotiations between delegations from the two countries be affected, and how would you advise a UK team to prepare for the negotiations? *** [pic] From Eve to Izanami - How learning the Truth and the Way can help Westerners understand Japanese culture, as well as their own Introduction “Nihonjinron”, literally “the Theory of the Japanese”, has been of fascination for both Japanese and foreigners alike, and the industrialised world seems acutely aware that the Japanese are very different to Westerners, in ideology, religion, and business strategies. There are countless books, articles and websites which attempt to teach people how to communicate with the Japanese in business negotiations. However, these sources can cause further alienation, where the numerous rituals we have to memorise make the Japanese seem obsessively pernickety or just plain difficult. This may be because we naturally interpret these behaviours through the lens of a Western Christian culture and remain relatively unaware of the religion and history of the Japanese. This essay will examine how UK delegations can better understand and negotiate with the Japanese by learning about both the Japanese and their own national culture and history through literature, folktales and religion. Through this preparation a UK team can discover commonalties between the two cultures, which can help...
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...The CAGE Framework of distance by Ghemawat explained distance as 4 main attributes – Cultural, Administrative, Geographic, Economic.1 To address these risks and costs, it is crucial to first assess the extent and type of differences between the USA market and the United Kingdom market. Amazon’s entry into United Kingdom (UK) can be attributed to minimal distance and various similarities, which allowed Amazon to significantly reduce risks and costs. Primarily, the UK market has a lot of similarities to the US market in terms of cultural, administrative and economic distance. UK has the second most number of native English speakers (60 million), after US (231 million), and is also the place where English was first spoken. Since books were the primary products sold by Amazon, the similarity in language made it extremely ideal for Amazon to target the UK market. Moreover, the GDP Per Capita of US and UK were not significantly different, with US having a GDP Per Capita of $32,949 and UK’s GDP Per Capita being $26,144 in 1998. Gini Index, unemployment rates and inflation rates of UK and US also showed minimal differences.2 These depicts the similarities between UK and US in...
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...Five Cultural Deminsions for Germany, UK, USA and Japan. (Data from Geert-hofstede.com,n.d) Figure 1.0 is a bar chart that presents the full data of all four cultures. (Germany, UK, USA, and Japan) Other than two dimensions (Individualism and uncertainty avoidance) that have been discussed in the case, the rest of the three dimensions will be discussed in following article. Masculinity Masculinity shows whether the society is driven by competition or quality of life (Geert-hofstede.com, n.d). According to figure 1.0, all four cultures are masculine culture. USA scored at the lowest of 62, followed by Germany and UK at the score of 66. The highest score in Masculinity is Japan, at 95. Although Japan has an extremely high score at Masculinity dimension, due to its collectivism, there are not much intense competitions between individuals. Power Distance Power distance is referring to how people within the society react to unequal power distribution. The higher the score is, the higher acceptability for unequal power distribution by the society will be. This time, UK and Germany again scored at the same mark of 35, and USA has a slightly higher score of 40. It shows that all three western countries have a low power distance culture, means that people from these culture believes that people should be treated equally, regardless the ranking of the position. Japan however, scored at 54, as a moderate score. It indicates that, Japan has a...
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...production but has been on a struggling type of scenario and in need of a strategy to help it go through the crisis its experiencing. The management within Elecdyne had a sit in to discuss on measures which they can be able to boost their production while at the same time reducing on its costs, with an upper hand in gaining access to improved expertise and technology. This report will aim to evaluate three locations; UK, China and Brazil as possible best destinations where Elecdyne can build on their future, given the underlying facts of the business environment within the countries stated, looking into their policies as implemented by the governments and business collaborations within their environments that might turn out to be reasonable in terms of their future as a company, keeping in mind the type of products the company should be wholly focused on. Managers within Elecdyne need to have perfect knowledge of some of the advantages and disadvantages involved in the global competition platform, in their considerations of which country to internationalize in comparisons to Japan. This report will be in two sections, where the first section will involve: trend analysis (PEST), Factor analysis (SWOT), framework analysis...
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...Business Project – HMV Chan Ho Yeung 13431908 Context 1. Introduction 2 2. Comparative Analysis of the company’s competitive position in its various markets 3 2.1 PEST 4 2.2 Porter 5 forces 5 2.3 Value Chain 7 3. Considerations for the company’s position in relation to cross-cultural issues 10 3.1 Hofstede Cultural dimensions 10 3.2 Iceberg model of culture 14 4. The company’s position in relation to corporate social responsibility 16 4.1 Carroll’s CSR Pyramid 16 5. Conclusion 21 6. References 24 1. Introduction People who were born in 1990s or before, they should have gone to CD shops to buy CDs and supported their favourite singers. So that, you must know HMV. HMV, everyone knows that it is a CDs retailer basically. HMV opened in Oxford Street London on 20th July 1921. HMV’s full name is “His Master’s Voice”. At that time, HMV was a part of EMI - Electric and Musical Industries. In 1998, HMV was divested from EMI. It needs to especially mention the logo of HMV. HMV’s logo is based on a dog that called Nipper, is listening to a gramophone. In 1921, when HMV had started, they were a company which sold gramophone and also used HMV’s name to produce TVs and radios. After that, HMV did not sell gramophone, they was transiting gradually to sell CDs. Until now, HMV has changed a lot. They are not only selling CDs, they also sell the other products including film, games and headphones. In 1988, HMV has opened their first overseas store in Canada...
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...superior customer service worked the best. Lower prices also eliminated the expense of frequent sales promotions and sales are more predictable. Walmart has invested heavily in its cross-docking inventory system. Cross docking has enabled Walmart to achieve economies of scale which reduce its costs of sales. With this system, goods are continuously delivered to stores within 48 hours and often without having to stock them. This allows Walmart to refill the shelves 4 times faster than its competitors. Walmart controls its buying power through purchasing in bulks and distributing the goods on time. Walmart guarantees everyday low prices and considers them the one stop shop. Walmart operates in Mexico as Walmex, in the UK as ASDA abbreviation of Asquith and Dairies, and in Japan as Seiyu. It has wholly owned operations in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, and Puertorico. Walmart's investments outside North America have had mixed results: its operations in South America and China are highly successful, while it was forced to pull out of Germany and South Korea when ventures there were unsuccessful. Consumers can also shop Walmart through their...
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...the Australian wines infiltrating the US and UK markets, growing their sales in the US at the rate of 30% per year. Additional challenges include customer dissatisfaction with the current sales representation. The company also has opportunities. Its Robert Mondavi Winery name is held in high esteem and wines of this label command premium prices. The company has consistent financial performance over the preceding four years with growing sales and income. The company has developed advanced production methods that give its wines consistent quality and modest costs of production. Business Environment / Attractiveness of the Wine Industry Among producers in the size range of Mondavi, the wine industry has many companies, which generate net income of about 10% of sales. This would compare to such mainstream US industries as real estate leasing, food manufacturing and agriculture. The barriers to basic entry in the industry are very small. However, the building of a recognized brand name which allows pricing control is a time consuming process, sometimes representing generations of work. The industry is experiencing consolidation, which is giving increasing economies of scale to the larges producers and conglomerates. The industry is attractive for existing companies having a respected brand, but may be unattractive to a new entrant attempting to get established. Geographic Markets In comparing markets in which to do business a few major segments can be identified. Consumers...
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...How To Do Business In China Now that business is becoming global, it combined the whole economic, no matter you will accept or not, any countries, corporations and individuals can not stop this trend, what we can do is change ourselves to suit the globalization. As a multinational company, develop different markets have its necessity, and market development can be helpful for the development of the company. In this report ,as the people working in this company, will analyze the differences between home country market and target country market, and help to choose the suitable market when company have willing to investing in a foreign country, the decision of the country which the company can invest in is China. In this report, will make analysis for Chinese market in economic environment, culture, marketing and human resource management, to prove its accessibility, and what risks the company will meet, then give some recommendations to escape or solve the problems. For the decision of target market, will based on its profitability and expansibility, China is a country that has the number of population as 1.3 billion, which means it has great predominance in consumption, now Chinese people’s consumption in household goods and home furnishings less 100 Yuan per capita, below the standard of world average as 200 dollars. But with the development of Chinese economic, there are 20 million people will enter the middle class per year, and with the increasing of people’s income...
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...|Qualification |Unit number and title | |Pearson BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Business (QCF) |Unit 3: Organisations and Behaviour | |Student name and ID number |Assessor name | | |Joseph Tawiah (Module Leader) | |Date issued |Completion date |Submitted on | | 25th January 2016 |22nd April 2016 before midday | | |Internal Verifier | | |Assignment title | Toyota Motor Corporation | |Instructions2o |An electronic copy of your assessment must be fully uploaded by the deadline date and time. | | |You must submit one single...
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... Establishment of Foreign Companies and Cultural Reform/Cultural Ramification Before Japan was globalized it was secluded from the rest of the world for nearly two centuries from1603 to 1868. This time period was called the Tokugawa Period. Even though Japan closed its ports to foreign trade, it was self sustainable and independent. This self sustainable society was maintained through its unique producer-consumer relationship and the "reuse recycle" practice in commerce due to the island's limited resources. Repair merchants such as tinker, ceramics repairers and truss hoop repairers supported a society where nothing was thrown away but instead carefully repaired and reused until the products were truly un-amendable. For example, tinkers used special techniques and charcoal heat to weld holes in pots and kettles with other metals; ceramic repairers glue broken ceramic pieces together with sticky rice and applied heat; paper makers buy used papers and blend them to make a variety of paper from writing paper to toilet paper (Staff). The Tokugawa Period served as a model of a flourishing sustainable society to the Japanese. After Japan was introduced to globalization during the Second World War, the nation benefited from becoming a export driven economy, business policies such as the lifetime employment policy promoted the efficiency of the company, and the cultural influences on business management such as respect for authority and reserved behavior promoted order in the company...
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...A Comparative Study of Protections for Workers in America, Europe, and Japan ------------------------------------------------- By: Freda Manning January 31, 2016 MBA 605 Business, Government, and Society Mercy College January 31, 2016 MBA 605 Business, Government, and Society Mercy College Abstract In this paper, I will examine and compare the impact of American, Japanese and European Labor laws and how it's managed throughout the society. I will begin by providing facts on employment protection throughout history for each country and identify their weakness. Next, I will discuss the impact of each country economic structure and how it influences the market and employee regulations. Finally, I will compare various facts of Japanese, American and European labor laws that have a significant impact on the new economic environment. Background In the 1980's employee protection was not a high priority for businesses. Many restraints put on small businesses prevented the growth of private sector corporations (Steiner & Steiner, 2012). Resulting in high unemployment rates and slow economic growth (Steiner & Steiner, 2012). There has been strains placed on the permanent employment system in Japan, because of the larger number of older workers and the increase in the retirement age (Gould, 1984). Historically the U.S government did not interfere in employee relations; employees at times were treated like property, or as a means for production cost. There was decreases...
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...an economization of areas previously unrelated to the pressure of competitiveness, the market principle, and the price mechanism? Are the current trade patterns truly global, when 80 percent of trade is conducted within the “triad” of western Europe, North America, and the Pacific Rim, which together make up only 20 percent of the world’s population? Contrary to these arguments, we believe that globalization is as new a phenomenon as the term itself and that it does merit the attention it now receives in scholarly, political, and managerial debates. It is less a question of some new occurrences but is more so one that transgresses thresholds Markus Pudelko is a senior lecturer in international business at the University of Edinburgh Management School, 50 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JY, UK (tel.: +44 (0) 131 651 1491; fax: + 44 (0) 131 668 3053; e-mail: markus.pudelko@ed.ac.uk). He is currently a visiting scholar at the University of Melbourne, Australia. Chris Carr is professor of corporate strategy at the...
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...an economization of areas previously unrelated to the pressure of competitiveness, the market principle, and the price mechanism? Are the current trade patterns truly global, when 80 percent of trade is conducted within the “triad” of western Europe, North America, and the Pacific Rim, which together make up only 20 percent of the world’s population? Contrary to these arguments, we believe that globalization is as new a phenomenon as the term itself and that it does merit the attention it now receives in scholarly, political, and managerial debates. It is less a question of some new occurrences but is more so one that transgresses thresholds Markus Pudelko is a senior lecturer in international business at the University of Edinburgh Management School, 50 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JY, UK (tel.: +44 (0) 131 651 1491; fax: + 44 (0) 131 668 3053; e-mail: markus.pudelko@ed.ac.uk). He is currently a visiting scholar at the University of Melbourne, Australia. Chris Carr is professor of corporate strategy at the...
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...sources of international competitiveness (Grant, 1991; Gray, 1991). However, in order to understand why so much emphasis is placed on the diamond framework in the management literature, this essay will discuss Porter’s concept of the Diamond and the factors that contribute to the development of national competitive advantage. This paper will begin with a theoretical approach followed by the reception of different authors and schools of thoughts who disagreed with his management thinking, and then goes on to consider empirical issues which have arisen subsequently, followed by a conclusion.” Theoretical Discussions (explain the 'main theory' [such as 'Late/Early industrialization', 'Managerial enterprise', 'Weber's theory about impacts of culture'] in this question) - “Porter’s theory of national competitive advantage is based upon a study of the characteristics of the national environment which identifies four sets of variables, and an additional two, which influences a company’s ability to establish and maintain competitive advantage within international markets. These interacting determinants are: factor conditions; demand conditions; related and supporting industries; and firm strategy, structure and rivalry and form what Porter refers to as the “national diamond.” The four main determinants can also be understood as the availability of resources to various industries, the information used in deciding which opportunities to pursue for the company, the goals of individuals...
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...Compare China and Japan in Accounting Standard and Recent Events, Which country is drifting further from Confucianism Introduction Chinese and Japanese accounting system has been influenced by Confucianism long time ago, but Bloom and Solotko(2003) proposed that because of the role of the government in the accounting system, both countries China and Japan has went far away from the Confucianism. In this report, the researchers will compare the accounting regulation and corporate governance in both countries, and get the conclusion which country is drifting further from the Confucian origins. This report has been divided into four parts. The first part will talk about the definition of the Confucianism and the implication of the Confucianism to both countries China and Japan. The second part is going to discuss the relationship between China accounting system and Confucianism; the third part will focus on the relationship between Japan accounting system and Confucianism. The last pat will compare the two accounting systems, and meanwhile get the conclusion which country has went further from the Confucianism. Definition of Confucianism Confucianism was founded by Confucius who is the Chinese philosopher and the first raised the Master of Ceremonies. The master of ceremonies gradually developed into the ideological system, which the core is the benevolence, and it’s in the hierarchical structure of society over 2000 years (XingZhong 2000). It exerts a far-reaching...
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