...The Economics of Open Source Software Development Jiirgen Bitzer and Philipp J. H. Srhroder (Editurs) O 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. Linux vs. Windows: A Comparison of Application and Platform Innovation Incentives for Open Source and Proprietary Software Platforms Nicholas Economides and Evangelos Katsamakas ABSTRACT The chapter analyzes and compares the investment incentives of platform and application developers for Linux and Windows. We find that the level of investment in applications is larger when the operating system is open source rather than proprietary. The comparison of the levels of investment in the operating systems depends, among others, on reputation effects and the number of developers. The chapter also develops a short case study comparing Windows and Linux and identifies new directions for open source software research. Keywords: Open Source Software, operating systems, technology platforms, Linux, innovation incentives. JEL Classification: L 10, L86, L3 1. 10.1 INTRODUCTION Open source software is an emerging type of software that may fundamentally affect the business and economic features of the software industry. Linux, an open source operating system, has been the prominent example of the potential of the open source movement, competing against Microsoft Windows, the incumbent operating system. 208 Nicholas Economides and Evangelos Katsamkas This chapter analyzes the incentives to invest in application software and an operating...
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...Open Versus Close Source Software Tristan San Juan 03/17/2015 POS/355 Brian Davis Open versus Closed Source software? Which is better? There are many questions behind which software is better. There are literary many pros and cons on both of the soft wares. It comes down to the users’ limitation and preferable on which one is to use. Some people have both and use them for different reasons. As you read on we going to clarify some features on each kind of software to further explain the difference between the two kinds of software. Closed source Software, most users are going to be familiar with this. Windows, Adobe (Photoshop), Norton Anti-Virus and Mac OS are very fine example of what closed software are. In definition a closed software or aka a proprietary software is, “any software that is copyrighted and bears limits against use, distribution and modification that are imposed by its publisher, vendor or developer. Proprietary software remains the property of its owner/creator and is used by end-users/organizations under predefined conditions ("Proprietary Software", 2015).” Meaning it is what it is you cannot edit it in source code level, I mean you can hack it but most likely as users who doesn’t know anything about coding will most likely break it. One of the biggest sign when people see closed source software is it cost money, yes it does and you pay for what you get. Some of the benefits of having a closed source software is that is one its reliable quality...
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...Open Source vs. Closed Source Open source and Closed source, two topics that have become quite the buzz in the world Information Technology (IT). Chances are, if you work in IT, you will eventually be faced with having to decide on witch of these technologies you will have to go with when planning for an upgrade or new IT system implementation. Before choosing which technology to go with we as IT professionals must first understand the difference between the two as well as carefully weight the benefits and disadvantages of each solution. An Open Source Operating system refers to software whose source code, the medium in which programmers create and modify software, is freely available on the Internet; whereas, by contrast the closed source code for proprietary commercial software is usually a closely guarded secret and is not available to the public. (Crooke, 2012) Notable open source operating systems include Android and Linux. Notable Closed source OS include Apple iOS. The two major benefit of using an Open source software is that the software is distributed under a variety of licensing terms, but almost all have two things in common: the software can be used without paying a license fee, and anyone can modify the software to add capabilities not envisaged by its originators. (Crooke, 2012) These benefit help to lower cost of products as well as offer customers the ability to customize platforms as needed to meeting business needs. The disadvantage that is associated...
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...Open Source and Business Model Innovation. The Funambol case Alberto Onetti Department of Economics - Insubria State University Varese, Italy aonetti@eco.uninsubria.it Abstract – A comprehensive theoretical framework about open source business models is still missing, notwithstanding a growing number of contributions. This lack of literature is mainly due to the relative newness of the phenomena. This paper aims at giving a contribution to the ongoing discussion about open source business implications. The research hypothesis is that open source represents a disruptive innovation for the software industry. The purpose is to understand, through case study research, how open source companies can develop successful business models. Funambol provides an interesting example of an optimized business model, able to leverage the open source advantage in an emerging market. The paper is structured in three main parts: the first one aims at outlining the research hypothesis and methodology. The second part identifies the unique competitive factors distinguishing open source business and the main business implications. The final part focuses on the analysis of the Funambol business case. Fabrizio Capobianco Funambol Inc Redwood City, CA, USA info@funambol.com Zend engine) and multiple commercial tools around it. - Dual licensing business model: the dual license approach is not based on one integrated license. It is rather a business policy that permits a customer to choose one of...
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...Project Report On Open Source ERP System By Dharit Gajjar (SSB10A07) Guided by Mr. Rakesh Pandya Sanskriti School of Business Near, DPS Harni, Harni-Virod Road, Vadodara-390022 www.ssbvadodara.net CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Dharit Gajjar (SSB10A07) student of Second level PGDM(IT) have successfully completed his project titled “Open Source ERP System ” towards partial fulfilment of the requirements of the subject “Enterprise Resource Planning” at Sanskriti School of Business, during the period August 2011 to November 2011. Project Guide Mr. Rakesh Pandya Executive Summary Information Technology in today’s world is must for cutting edge competition. The tendency is to produce more, with as little cost as possible and be reactive to the continuously changing needs and requirements of internal as well as external customers. That is why flexibility, adaptability and cost cutting are main reasons that are pushing increasingly more companies to adopt Open Source Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. The main objective of this study is to see whether open source ERP can satisfy the need of large organization as well as small and medium enterprises. Open source ERP systems are often targeted to enterprises whose requirements are not covered by standard software. Similar circumstances apply to organizations that need continuous adaption of the software to changing processes and needs. In this work the suitability of current open source ERP systems for these...
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...system in the world. The objective of this paper is to determine which system truly is better for users both common and adept. This research compares both operating systems with each other as to determine which is more customizable, easier use, and faster to run. To provide an objective and thorough comparison, this paper looks at key features present in each operating system. After assessing each system, it can be concluded that, although Windows is definitely more widely used than Linux, Linux is the better operating system because of its usability, open source code, and efficient language. However, before analyzing the necessary components, ample background for each operating system must first be provided. The main objective of Windows was "...to provide a personal computing environment for the common user," (Alampay) the common user being people who don't have in-depth knowledge in computer technology (i.e. Programmers, system analysts, etc.). This operating system was built using the corporate model (Microsoft) and therefore has a closed source code to protect their system from their competitors. The goal of Linux, on the other hand, was to provide an open source version of UNIX, a very prominent operating system in the government and in the academe (Alampay)....
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...What Is Open Source? Technically, “open source” means software that issupplied with the original code in which it was written allowing others to view, modify, adapt, and improve this code. This can include software that cannot be redistributed without explicit permission (and often a payment) to the software owner. Most people now define “open source” more narrowly to as software with the following further characteristics: • It is protected by copyright, but not patents. • It has a “copy-left” license (GNU license or similar), which states that it can be redistributed for no charge, but the source code and modifications must be licensed out under the same terms that it was licensed in. Sample licenses are available at http://www.opensource.org. Please note, that it is acceptable to sell commercial software in a bundle with this “open source” software. Open source software is not the same as “shareware” or “freeware” which often does not come with source code and has zero cost as its defining characteristic. Open source software, may or may not be zero cost. The benefit of open source software is that when people are allowed to read, distribute, and modify the source code for a piece of software, the software evolves and gets better. Open Source in Brief In practice, a typical open-source project uses a web or other internet site as the repository for the source code, documentation, discussions, design documents, bug and issue lists, and other artifacts associated...
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...Option One GNU Introduction The GNU or General Public License plays a major role today in the way people think of programs. Richard Stallman of the Free Software Foundation (FSF) was who originally written the GNU or simply GPL. The case is, most software’s don’t want you to share or change the program. This means that they are trying to take away freedoms of having the program. What the GNU General Public License is designed to do is the opposite of that because it offers freedom to share and change the software and to make sure it is free for all of its users. This creation caused it to be the most widely used free software license. The GPL accounted for nearly 65% of the 43,442 free software projects listed on Freshmeat as of August 2007. Some believe that the copyleft provided from the GPL was crucial to Linux’s Success because it gave assurance that the work done by programmers who were involved in the kernel would remain free and benefit the world. After the first version of the GPL, more were made that followed. The first GPL was made in 1989. After that, another version was made with similar licenses but there was concern over problems in the GPLv2 so they made another one in June 2007. Preamble The General Public License was designed so that it meant that the people won’t think of a free software as related to its price but more to freedom. What this means is that people can do almost anything to the program including, making copies, giving away copies, selling...
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...Project: Project Part 1: Executive Summary First World Savings and Loan is a financial institution that processes credit card transactions and loan applications online. We are currently considering implementing an open source infrastructure. This could potentially save us over $4,000,000 per year in licensing fees for the software we are currently using. However, due to our business needs; we must still comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), Payment Card Industry - Data Security Standard (PCI-DSS), and the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA). We must comply with SOX, because we are a publicly-traded financial institution; PCI-DSS, because we process online credit card transactions; and GLBA, because we are a financial institution. All of the regulations of these three compliancy laws must be met, while still maintaining the Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) triad. All security requirements for SOX, PCI-DSS, and GLBA can be achieved using Linux and open source infrastructure. Some examples of open source software that we might use are: Web Server - Apache Web Filtering - DansGuardian Network Firewall - Turtle Firewall VPN - Endian Firewall Community IDS/IPS - Suricata Database - MySQL File Server - Samba SMTP Server - hMailServer I would recommend that we use a "Defense in Depth" strategy, having multiple layers of access protection. We need to have an IDS/IPS on...
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...Routing & Router Configuration A Report to Critically Compare a Number of Routing Protocols; Including RIP v2, EIGRP & OSPF Paul McDermott CCNA 2 Table of Contents 1.0 Abstract 3 2.0 Introduction 4 3.0 Protocol overview 5 3.1 RIP v2 Overview 5 3.2 EIGRP Overview 6 3.3 OSPF Overview 6 4.0 Protocol Comparison 10 4.1 Topology Overview 10 4.2 Protocol Types 10 4.3 Administration Distance 10 4.4 Protocol Tables 11 4.5 Algorithm 11 4.6 Metric 12 4.7 Periodic Updates 12 4.8 Hierarchical / Scalable 12 4.9 Load Balance 13 4.10 Comparison Table 14 5.0 Conclusion 15 6.0 References 16 Abstract The following report is a critical comparison of three routing protocols; RIPv2, EIGRP and OSPF, detailing the protocol features, as well as their similarities and differences. The report takes an in-depth look at the technical elements and algorithms used in these protocols, such as Bellman Ford, DUAL, and the Dijkstra Algorithm; and how these algorithms are used to calculate the routing metric. The report also discusses the fact that EIGRP is the most desirable protocol to use on Cisco based routers, while OSPF can be used across different router manufacturers. While looking at the technical considerations that are needed in choosing a routing protocol for a desired network the report will also look into the CPU/memory requirements, and how difficult the protocol is to install and maintain...
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...TESTINGWHIZ BY, S.Shahida Banu. 120071601087. COMPARING QTP, SELENIUM AND TESTINGWHIZ INTRODUCTION: When it comes to test automation tools for web application testing it is hard to choose between the available options in the market and the right alternative that offers best of the latest technologies from the market place at the right budget. Open source tools provide the benefit of low initial investment but, they’re not always the best alternative in the long run due to lack of official support & training. Commercial tools on the other hand are highly expensive to implement resulting in higher cost of failure should the right tool not be selected. Automation is a continuous process and it’s very important to have the basics right:- * Setting up the test environment * Screening the available tool options * Creating a Proof of Concept with a few sample test scenarios for the application * Preparing (automation) frameworks * Building libraries of functions & methods * Defining configuration parameters To help test managers and automation engineers choose the right alternative, we have prepared a comparison matrix between the three closest contenders that are highly rated by Test Managers and Automation Engineers alike. Here is a comparison between HP QTP with Selenium and TestingWhiz. QTP vs SELENIUM vs TESTINGWHIZ: Testing automation tools enable developers and testers to easily automate the entire process of testing in software development...
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...Mac Memory Management For rough draft Mac OS is available on two processor architectures: the Motorola 68k series and the PowerPC. Mac OS has a flat address space, shared between all processes. There is no per-process memory protection. Application code runs in supervisor mode, so there is no instruction protection. Mac OS has virtual memory, in the limited sense that a larger fixed address space can be simulated, by storing the entire address space on disc. This size of this address space is fixed at boot time. The lowest part of memory is occupied by the system partition. This contains some system global values which applications should not access directly, although there is nothing to prevent them doing so. Historically, the Mac OS used a form of memory management that has fallen out of favor in modern systems. Criticism of this approach was one of the key areas addressed by the change to OS X. The original problem for the engineers of the Macintosh was how to make optimum use of the 128 KB of RAM that the machine was equipped with. Since at that time the machine could only run one application program at a time, and there was no fixed secondary storage, the engineers implemented a simple scheme which worked well with those particular constraints. However, that design choice did not scale well with the development of the machine, creating various difficulties for both programmers and users. References: The Memory Management Reference Memory management in Mac OS, en...
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...……………………………………………...4 Part 1- Budget Analysis…………..………………………………………….....5 Budget Analysis-General Fund...………………………………………….……8 Budget Analysis- Community Services Department……..………….………...10 Part 2- CAFR Analysis……………………………………………………........13 CAFR & Budget Comparison………………………………………………….16 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………..20 References……………………………………………………………………..21 Introduction In a season of major economic crisis, the municipal sector is facing financial pressures similar to that of large corporations. Many cash-strapped cities have fallen victim to the raging economic downturn. As a result, an instinctive recourse has become one of survival. As budgetary spending is put to the knife, the priority becomes: safeguard cash, cut spending, and minimize costs as much as possible. The municipal sector will collectively face a $56 billion to $83 billion budget gap through 2012, due to declining tax revenues, cuts in state services, and increased service demands, according to the National League of Cities [this is a great intro, putting the city in context; would be good to have a citation here and include the source in the references]. State and local governments face serious trouble because of the recession. A renewed focus will need to be placed towards value optimization even in the face of budgetary restrictions. The city should ask,” How best can we deliver value to our communities now that our budget has...
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...Banking Product Development Division, Oracle Financial Services Software Ltd. Bachelor of Technology Information Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College Abstract- “Big Data” has become a major source of innovation across enterprises of all sizes .Data is being produced at an ever increasing rate. This growth in data production is driven by increased use of media, fast developing organizations, proliferation of web and systems connected to it. Having a lot of data is one thing, being able to store it, analyze it and visualize it in real time environment is a whole different ball game. New technologies are accumulating more data than ever; therefore many organizations are looking forward to optimal ways to make better use of their data. In a broader sense, organizations analyzing big data need to view data management, analysis, and decision-making in terms of “industrialized” flows and processes rather than discrete stocks of data or events. To handle these aspects of large quantities of data various open platforms had been developed. Index Terms- Big Technologies,Tools Data, Landscape,Open Platforms, nearly 500 exabytes per day .To put the numbers in perspective this is equivalent to 5×1020 bytes per day. Almost 200 times higher than all the sources combined together in the world. To handle this huge chunk of data will be hard with the existing data management technologies. Hence the technology transitions have become imminent. II. TECHNOLOGY TRANSITION...
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...A Comparison of Inter-Organizational Business Models of Mobile App Stores: There is more than Open vs. Closed Roland M. Müller1, Bjorn Kijl2 and Josef K. J. Martens3 1 Berlin School of Economics and Law, Department of Information Systems, roland.mueller@hwr-berlin.deUniversity of Twente, School of Management and Governance, 2 b.kijl@utwente.nl, 3j.k.j.martens@alumnus.utwente.nl Abstract The purpose of this paper is to analyze the competition among mobile app stores for smart mobile media devices. Therefore, the business models of seven mobile app stores are analyzed with a special focus on Apple and Google. We use e3-value modelling - a formal business modelling technique - for analyzing the critical elements of these mobile ecosystems. The analysis of the app store ecosystems allows a differentiated view on the different strategies of the app store owners. Additionally, we look at the impact of network effects, economies of scale, platform differentiation, quality assurance, and transaction costs on the design of mobile application markets. This theoretical model allows a deeper discussion about the design choices and success factors in the different app store cases. Based on our analysis, we expect that the open versus closed models discussion becomes less relevant - so-called open platforms have closed aspects as well as the other way around - and that competitive differentiation and segmentation strategies will become increasingly critical in order to strengthen the...
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