...INTRODUCTION The term "Industrial Relations" has developed both a broad and a narrow meaning. Originally, industrial relations was broadly defined to include the totality of relationships and interactions between employers and employees. From this perspective, industrial relations covers all aspects of the employment relationship, including human resource (or personnel) management, employee relations, and union-management (or labor) relations. Since the mid-twentieth century, however, the term has increasingly taken on a narrower, more restricted interpretation that largely equates it with unionized employment relationships. In this view, industrial relations pertains to the study and practice of collective bargaining, trade unionism, and labor-management relations, while human resource management is a separate, largely distinct field that deals with nonunion employment relationships and the personnel practices and policies of employers. Both meanings of the term coexist in the twenty-first century, although the latter is the more common. ORIGINS The term "industrial relations" came into common usage in the 1910s, particularly in 1912 upon the appointment by President William Taft of an investigative committee titled the Commission on Industrial Relations. The commission's charge was to investigate the causes of widespread, often violent labor conflict and make recommendations regarding methods to promote greater cooperation and harmony among employers and employees. Shortly...
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...the manufacturing sector, primarily in backwards nations, has once again become synonymous with labor rights violations. This phenomenon is largely due to globalization, a movement that has led multinational corporations (MNCs) to invest in cheap labor available in emerging economies. The possibility of this investment has spurred local government to ease regulatory measures on labor rights to lure MNCs as well as pitted local manufacturers against each other in the spirit of competitive pricing. These actions have led to diminished standards in factories that have translated to issues like insufficient wages, forced overtime, suppression of free speech and a hazardous working environment. Some proponents of sweatshop labor argue that sweatshops bring about economic prosperity, even going so far as to say that the “simplest way to help the poorest Asians would be to buy more from sweatshops, not less” (Kershner). Increasingly, however, the consensus has shifted in support of the fact that employing the poor for “near subsistence wages...generates little self-sustaining economic development” (Moberg). The light that has been shed on cases of abuse and mistreatment of laborers in Indonesia, Vietnam and Pakistan has mobilized various labor rights organizations and university student groups to take a stance against the exploitation of third world citizens. Groups like Campaign for Labor Rights and...
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...be taken, should the conditions conducive to growth and the knowledge economy conflict with the political and institutional underpinnings of social cohesion. What if strong employment growth turned out to be founded on the destabilization of the standard employment contract, or if the advance towards a knowledge economy brought about a sharp rise in social inequality and polarization between skilled and unskilled workers and between those with and without stable jobs? Would trade unions be willing and able to counteract or attenuate such trends and bridge the differences between the new haves and have-nots? Or would they be marginalized, slowly but irreversibly, together with the stable employment relationships that characterized the mid-20th century? In this special issue we consider the evidence on the causes, consequences and cures of union decline. The contributions stem from an open call for papers from the EQUALSOC network of excellence (economic growth, quality of life and social cohesion), funded by the European Union’s Sixth Framework Programme. With financial assistance from the EU,...
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...The Future for U.S. labor The United States is facing a challenge in finding work for workers who have been unemployed since the recent recession. After many years of leading the manufacturing industry, the recent economic crisis, as well as the growth of the competitive global market, has caused many U.S. factories to shut down, and in turn caused a rapid decline in employment of U.S. workers (Baily, Manyika, & Gupta, 2013). However, simply employing the U.S. workers will not solve the high unemployment problem the country is facing. In this global marketplace, the United States will not only need to make improvement in the economy to create jobs that are robust and sustainable, but will also need to build a workforce that is strong and trained with the right skills (Baily & Bosworth, 2014). This paper will first look at the significant events of the history of U.S. labor to understand the current situation of the U.S. economy and how it has affected the workers. In this paper, U.S. labor, workforce or labor force refers to a pool of people who are employed in the United States. Since manufacturing is a significant source of employment for U.S. workers, the government has made advanced manufacturing as the center of its economic agenda to help with recovering the U.S. economy. Advanced manufacturing, as described in the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) report, is an effort to improve the U.S. industry in systems engineering using...
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...General Motors’ Strategic Analysis By Cyriac Thomas (cpg07bm025) [pic] Automotive Industry The automotive industry is the industry involved in the design, development, manufacture, marketing, and sale of motor vehicles. In 2007, more than million motor vehicles, including cars and commercial vehicles were produced worldwide. In 2007, a total of 71.9 million new automobiles were sold worldwide: 22.9 million in Europe, 21.4 million in Asia-Pacific, 19.4 million in USA and Canada, 4.4 million in Latin America, 2.4 million in the Middle East and 1.4 million in Africa. The markets in North America and Japan were stagnant, while those in South America and Asia grew strongly. Of the major markets, Russia, Brazil and China saw the most rapid growth. In 2008, with rapidly rising oil prices, industries such as the automotive industry, are experiencing a combination of pricing pressures from raw material costs and changes in consumer buying habits. The industry is also facing increasing external competition from the public transport sector, as consumers re-evaluate their private vehicle usage. The United States is the world’s largest consumer market for light vehicles, passenger cars and light trucks. The United States auto industry is dominated by the Big Three or General Motors, Ford Motors and Daimler/Chrysler. These three account for roughly a little over half of the production of cars and light trucks in the industry. What has currently...
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...This book is well known in the field of economics, public policy and environmental studies. If the title alone doesn’t draw you in, then maybe the following question will: Could society’s age old demand for increased productivity and efficiency lead to “The End of Work” as we know it? As the saying goes, be careful what you wish for. In this eye-opening book, Jeremy Rifkin argues that improvements such as automation, computerization and re-engineering mean that more goods and services can be produced with less human labor. If less people are working then who will buy all these new products that hit the market at an accelerated rate? The author's organization webpage (www.foet.org), retrieved on March 3rd, 2011 provides a brief biographical sketch on Jeremy Rifkin as an American economist, writer, public speaker, political advisor and activist. Rifkin is the President of the Foundation on Economic Trends and the author of seventeen bestselling books on the impact of scientific and technological changes on the economy, society, the workforce, and the environment. His most recent books include The Empathic Civilization, The Hydrogen Economy, The European Dream, The End of Work, The Age of Access, and The Biotech Century. He currently serves as an advisor to the European Union, European Commission, the European Parliament, and several EU heads of state and has been influential in shaping public policy in the United States. With global unemployment hitting an all time high and effecting...
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...Citation: Creaby-Attwood, Nick (2010) Rewarding Relationships: A Study of the Interaction of Employment Relationships and Employee Rewards Systems in Two Unionised Private Sector Organisations. Doctoral thesis, Northumbria University. This version was downloaded from Northumbria Research Link: ht tp://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/4415/ Northumbria University has developed Northumbria Research Link (NRL) to enable users to access the University’s research output. Copyright © and moral r ights for i tems on NRL are retained by the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. Single copies of full i tems can be reproduced, displayed or performed, and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided the authors, ti t le and full bibliographic details are given, as well as a hyperlink and/or URL to the original metadata page. The content must not be changed in any way. Full i tems must not be sold commercially in any format or medium without formal permission of the copyright holder. The full policy is available online: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/policies.html REWARDING RELATIONSHIPS: A STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIPS AND EMPLOYEE REWARDS SYSTEMS IN TWO UNIONISED PRIVATE SECTOR ORGANISATIONS NICK CREABY-ATTWOOD PhD 2010 REWARDING RELATIONSHIPS: A STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIPS AND EMPLOYEE REWARDS...
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...| Walt Disney Company in Shanghai & Tokyo | Operation in Asia II Region | | | Joanne JohnsonEnes TastanLucia ValadezStanley WoodardKeller Graduate School of ManagementHR584 Managing International Human Resources Instructor: Jack HuddlestonJune 17, 2012 | Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 LAWS AND REGULATIONS 3 DEMOGRAPHICS 5 CULTURE AND LANGUAGE 8 ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND CURRENCY FACTORS 13 LABOR RELATIONS 15 HRM POLICIES, PRACTICES, AND TRENDS 17 CONCLUSION 24 REFERENCES 26 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Walt Disney Company has had a strong presence in the Far East since the 1930’s when Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was shown in Shanghai theaters and with the founding of a local subsidiary in Tokyo in 1959. Today, Disney is a market leader in home based and theme park entertainment in the Asian market. The firm is currently exploring a production facility in either two of the hub cities of Tokyo and Shanghai. In this paper will review the demographics, culture, political, economic, and applied HR practices in China and Japan. China and Japan are both economic powerhouses with homogenous cultures, with distinct political and economic structures. The Chinese culture has more Confucian ideals that are more collectivist in nature, while the Japanese culture emphasis harmony and saving face communication. The Chinese manipulation of its currency and increasing dissent among workers puts the nation in higher political risk; moreover the Chinese...
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...Conflict Assessment Report BC 465: Negotiation and Conflict Management Xxxxxx xxxxxxx Jones International University March 30, 2010 Abstract This paper is an assessment of a conflict that took place between The Boeing Company and one of its unions, The International Association of Machinist and Aerospace Workers in 2008. Conflict Assessment Report Profile The Boeing Company is the world's top aerospace company and the biggest manufacturer of commercial jetliners and military aircraft. The company designs and manufactures rotorcraft, electronic and defense systems, missiles, satellites, launching vehicles and advancing information and communication systems, and providing military and commercial airline support services (Boeing, 2010). Boeing has been a leader in the aerospace industry for over 100 years (Boeing, 2010). The business manufactures products such as the 737, 747, and 777 airplanes that are used in commercial airline travel. Boeing is a major service provider to commercial airlines, NASA, operates the Space Shuttle and International Space Station, and the United States government and its defense agencies. Boeing is organized into two divisions. The first division is Boeing Commercial Airplanes, which is comprised of commercial jetliners that service the globe. Boeing Commercial Airplanes is approximately 75 percent of the world fleet currently in service (Boeing, 2010). The second division is Boeing Integrated Defense Systems. The division...
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...|Term |Definition | |4/5ths rule: |Rule stating that discrimination generally is considered to occur if the selection rate for a protected group | | |is less than 80% (4/5ths) of the selection rate for the majority group or less than 80% of the group’s | | |representation in the relevant labor market | |401(k) plan: |An agreement in which a percentage of an employee’s pay is withheld and invested in a tax deferred account | |Absolute |Measuring an employee’s performance against some established standards | |standards | | |Accept errors |Accepting candidates who would later prove to be poor performers | |Action |A training technique by which management trainees are allowed to work full time analyzing and solving problems| |learning |in other departments | |Active |The performance of job-related tasks and duties by trainees during training | |practice: | ...
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...|Term |Definition | |4/5ths rule: |Rule stating that discrimination generally is considered to occur if the selection rate for a protected group | | |is less than 80% (4/5ths) of the selection rate for the majority group or less than 80% of the group’s | | |representation in the relevant labor market | |401(k) plan: |An agreement in which a percentage of an employee’s pay is withheld and invested in a tax deferred account | |Absolute |Measuring an employee’s performance against some established standards | |standards | | |Accept errors |Accepting candidates who would later prove to be poor performers | |Action |A training technique by which management trainees are allowed to work full time analyzing and solving problems| |learning |in other departments | |Active |The performance of job-related tasks and duties by trainees during training | |practice: | ...
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...Scholarship Repository University of Minnesota Law School Articles Faculty Scholarship 1988 Discovery in Labor Arbitration Laura J. Cooper University of Minnesota Law School, lcooper@umn.edu Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.umn.edu/faculty_articles Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Laura J. Cooper, Discovery in Labor Arbitration, 72 Minn. L. Rev. 1281 (1988), available at http://scholarship.law.umn.edu/ faculty_articles/307. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Minnesota Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in the Faculty Scholarship collection by an authorized administrator of the Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact lenzx009@umn.edu. Discovery in Labor Arbitration Laura J.Cooper* The mere statement of the topic, discovery in labor arbitration, suggests a paradox. Is not the essence of the arbitration process an effort to avoid the procedural complexities that make litigation comparatively slow and costly? More than forty years ago, Learned Hand admonished a litigant distressed with the procedural failings of an arbitration proceeding: Arbitration may or may not be a desirable substitute for trials in courts; as to that the parties must decide in each instance. But when they have adopted it, they must be content with its informalities; they may not hedge it about with those procedural limitations which it is precisely its purpose...
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...4th Quarter 2010 | 25(4) THEME OVERVIEW: FUNDAMENTAL FORCES AFFECTING AGRIBUSINESS INDUSTRIES Kent Olson and Mike Boehlje JEL Classifications: Q13, L10, L22, M22, L80 Keywords: Agribusiness, Market Forces, Structural Change, Porter’s Five Forces Agribusiness industries are facing numerous challenges and opportunities resulting from various fundamental forces. An understanding of the forces that are shaping and shifting the competitive landscape is useful to not only understand the strategic positioning decisions of the firms in these industries, but also the dramatic structural changes that are occurring in the food production, processing and distribution sector. This series of articles discusses the fundamental forces creating change in the agribusiness industries, and how companies and decision-makers are being affected by, and adapting to, changes in these forces. We frame this discussion using the analytical concepts of value chains and Porter’s Five Forces. We describe the agribusiness value chain as two chains which become one at the consumer end (Figure 1). One value chain follows plants and plant products, and another chain follows animals and animal products. These two chains blend into one chain at the processing and retailing stages of the chain. We also view the value chain rather simply as four stages: (1) input suppliers; (2) producers; (3) processors and handlers; and (4) retailers. While the value chain could be viewed as specific for different products...
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...Trade Unions in the RMGs sector of Bangladesh: A Case Study Prepared By MD. Osman Dhali Roll – 51 Session 2009-10 B.B.A. 16th Batch Department of International Business Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka Supervised by Abu Hena Reza Hasan Professor Department of International Business Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka Date of Submission: 05/08/2014 Letter of Transmittal 05 August, 2014 To Department of International Business Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka Subject: Submission of ‘Trade Unions in the RMGs sector of Bangladesh: A Case Study’ Dear Sir/Madam, Here is the paper on ‘Trade Unions in the RMGs sector of Bangladesh: A Case Study’. This has been prepared as a part of B.B.A. program under University of Dhaka. I would be happy if you read the report carefully and I will be trying to answer all the questions that you have about the study. I have tried my level best to complete this study meaningfully and correctly as much as possible. If you need any clarification about any issue of this paper, I will be pleased to assist you. Sincerely, ----------------------------- MD. Osman Dhali Roll – 51 Session 2009-10 (B.B.A. 16th Batch) Department of International Business Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Chapter 1 3 1.0 Introduction 3 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Background of the study 4 1.3 Research Aim and Objectives 5 ...
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...Micro-Macro Linkages Between Gender, Development, and Growth: Implications for the Caribbean Region Stephanie Seguino Professor, Department of Economics Old Mill 340 University of Vermont Burlington, VT 05401 Tel. 1 802 656-0187 Fax 1 802 656-8405 Email sseguino@zoo.uvm.edu July 2008 Acknowledgements: I am grateful for helpful comments and insights from Rhoda Reddock, Christine Barrow, Caren Grown, three anonymous referees, and participants at the Building Capacity for Gender Analysis in Policy Making, Programme Development, and Implementation: Research Seminar and Workshop, University of West Indies, Barbados, November 2007. Micro-Macro Linkages Between Gender, Development, and Growth: Implications for the Caribbean Region Abstract Over the last two decades, scholars have investigated the two-way relationship between gender inequality on the one hand, and economic development and growth on the other. Research in this area offers new ways to address the economic stagnation and crisis developing countries have experienced over the last two decades. This paper contributes to that literature, exploring the channels by which gender inequality affects, and in important ways, constrains economic development and growth in the Caribbean region. It further explores the endogeneity of gender inequality to the macroeconomic policy environment. The paper concludes with a discussion of economic policies that can promote a win-win outcome—greater gender...
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