...Computer-Based Crimes INTRODUCTION/PROBLEM STATEMENT Today’s technology has opened up a new realm of criminal activity, and new ways to exploit innocent people. Cyber-related crimes have been increasing for the past decade and include a number of different illegal activities to include: identity theft, phishing, cyber-stalking, and the use of malware. Criminal activities are of course, unethical, and cyber-crimes are no exception. It is a problem plaguing our society, and people have to be diligent to avoid being attacked and exploited. “It seems that everything relies on computers and the internet now — communication, entertainment, transportation (car engine systems, airplane navigation), shopping, and medicine (equipment, medical records). How much of your daily life relies on computers? How much of your personal information is stored either on your own computer or on someone else's system? Cyber security involves protecting that information by preventing, detecting, and responding to attacks” (US CERT, 2013). Today, we’ll look at an ethical approach (Reynolds' Seven-Step Ethical Decision-Making Approach) to develop protective measures that could help in mitigating cyber-crimes Ethically, cyber-crimes really boil down to what’s right and wrong. Deontological theories focus on the right action, doing the right thing, no matter the consequences. All humans on this planet have a deontological duty to do what’s right for fellow man; and committing crimes over the...
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...2012 Cost of Cyber Crime Study: United States Sponsored by HP Enterprise Security Independently conducted by Ponemon Institute LLC Publication Date: October 2012 Ponemon Institute© Research Report 2012 Cost of Cyber Crime Study: United States Benchmark Study of U.S. Companies Ponemon Institute October 2012 Part 1. Executive Summary We are pleased to present the 2012 Cost of Cyber Crime Study: United States, which is the third annual study of US companies. Sponsored by HP Enterprise Security, this year’s study is based on a representative sample of 56 organizations in various industry sectors. While our research focused on organizations located in the United States, many are multinational corporations. For the first time, Ponemon Institute conducted cyber crime cost studies for companies in the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia and Japan. The findings from this research are presented in separate reports. Cyber attacks generally refer to criminal activity conducted via the Internet. These attacks can include stealing an organization’s intellectual property, confiscating online bank accounts, creating and distributing viruses on other computers, posting confidential business information on the Internet and disrupting a country’s critical national infrastructure. Consistent with the previous two studies, the loss or misuse of information is the most significant consequence of a cyber attack. Based on these findings, organizations need to be more vigilant...
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...A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS ABOUT NECESSICITY OF INTERNET CENSORSHIP TO AVOID INCREASING CYBER CRIMES INTRODUCTION- In today’s life, we all are living in an internet age. Nearly everyone is using internet, computer or electronics source for the sake of mankind. We all are very dependent on all these modern equipments. Now it is one of the part and parcel of our day to day life. Earlier we always used to say that bread, cloth and house are three essential necessicities of mankind but now we have to add one most essential necessicities i.e. Use of computer. We all are so habitual and so dependent on computers such that if in future computers stops working then our life will also stops at the same time. As every coin has two sides, the computer also has one dark side. As we all are very much familiar about use of knife .It plays important role in everyone kitchen. Almost all uses the knife for the purpose of cutting the vegetables. But very few people use the knife for killing or hurting others. In the same way, few people are using the internet, computer for the purpose of doing wrong deeds or for doing crime. Day by day the use of computer as a weapon for the purpose of some misdeed is increasing. Many people have affected due to misuse of computer. Such people experienced monetary loss as well as defamation of image .Many girls facing trouble due unauthorized obscene profiles created by unknown persons without taking their prior permission. Young children...
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...Consequences of Cyber Crime Phenomena for Developing Countries [Writer Name] [Institute Name] Abstract Purpose – The world wave of detail and communication technologies (ICT) expansion has turn out to be a brawny driving force in about each feature of expansion. This paper intends to discover the bang of cyber crime on developing countries mainly in terms of economic losses. Findings – The paper in general terminates that the internet is crushingly strong equipment for expansion. Inconsistently, the internet is a “double-edged sword,” offering several choices for peoples and associations to expand except at the similar time, has carried out with it fresh choices to execute crime. The paper disputes that the internet shows fresh confronts to law enforcement in every expanded and budding nations. Conversely, budding nations endure significantly as of the actions of internet crime than their expanded counterparts as budding nations have insufficient expertise, infrastructure and deficient law enforcement proficiency. Consequences of Cyber Crime Phenomena for Developing Countries Cyber crime means any act of crime through computers and networks; in general this act is called hacking. Moreover, this crime also comprises conventional crimes performed by the Internet. As an example; theft of identity, hate offenses, credit card account thefts, telemarketing and Internet fraud are viewed as cyber crimes when the unlawful activities are conducted by the Internet. Many...
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...Title: Cybercrime is on a rise in UAE Part1: Introduction Crime is a popular issue that we always heard in this globalization era. It refers to any violation of law or the commission of an act forbidden by law. It can contribute to negative impact in term of social and economic development. Nowadays, there are a lot of crimes which increase around the world; United Arab Emirates is one of the countries at risk of these issues. One of these types is the cybercrime as; people want to keep up with technology and modern life. This matter in increase day by day as every day we hear from the news, newspaper and social media, there's a huge number of people who are victims cybercrime. Brenner (2010) in Cybercrime: Criminal Threats from Cyberspace book state, this type of crimes found in 21-century after the development and globalization because people used technology, but they don't have enough information and not aware about this issue. In addition, Cybercrime is the type of criminal crime which is punishable by law and it means that Using technology resources. Such as, the internet for committing serious crimes such as, deception, fraud, theft, copyright violations and extortion through online stalking, harassment, defamation, and invasion of privacy. Moreover, The cybercrime divided into three divisions, the first division is crimes...
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...Need of Cyber Crime Law In India Abstract A Cyber space is a virtual space that has become as important as real space for business, education and politics. The growing danger from crimes committed against computers, or against information on computers, is beginning to claim attention in the India. The digital age has dramatically changed the scope of a crime by adding the electronic component and it comes a new form of science ≴Computer Forensic Science≵. Computer Forensic allows for the evidence of cyber crime to be admissible in court when prosecuting the cyber criminal. In most countries, existing laws are likely to be unenforceable against such crime. Cyber laws, as it stand today, gives rise to both positive & negative consequences. The main negative consequences is the digital soup so vague that many refer to it as the dark sides of technology and that cyber criminal currently have upper hand. The applicability and effectiveness of our existing laws need to be constantly reviewed to face the risk coming from the cyber world. In this paper we are going to firstly describe the computer forensic, cyber crimes, cyber laws of nation & technology challenges. Aim of this paper is to act as a catalyst to raise awareness regarding computer forensic which continues to grow as one of the most important branch of science and help in investigation of cyber crime which continues to grow as one of the most potent threats to the Internet and computer users of the cyber society of...
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...Is Cyber crime a serious and growing threat? 1. INTRODUCTION Cyber crime cannot be clearly defined but all the definitions that are attributed to it basically boil down to the following: “an unlawful act wherein the computer is either a tool or a target or both" (Dubey 2004). On the other hand, ‘threat’, in this context, can be construed as “something likely to cause damage or danger” (Online dictionary 2014). Generally speaking, any unlawful act is expected to cause harm and cyber crime is no exception to this general rule. It has been noted that since the public release of the World Wide Web in 1991, the Internet has known an explosive expansion and continuous upgrading. Unfortunately, cyber crime has also gained in preponderance and sophistication in direct correlation with this Internet revolution. Given its stealth characteristics coupled with its alleged multifaceted implications in terms of both financial loss and security issues, cyber crime has already got the legitimate recognition of a growing and serious threat by the various stakeholders concerned. The only contentious issue is perhaps the monetary quantification ascribed to the resulting damages which is often greeted with much skepticism. 2. CATEGORIES OF CYBER CRIME Indeed, cyber crime does not lend itself to a narrow definition and is generally classified into four categories; that is, crimes committed against the individual, property, organisation and society (Mali 2009). This classification also gives...
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...businesses that are not prepared or tailored to fight. One of the fastest crimes in the United States and all over the world is cyber-crime. Cyber-crimes are the latest and most complex crimes during this age. Cyber-crime is defined as the disruption communication or electronic devices behavior as it relates to network mainframe, Internet, and telephone. Based on reports, individuals of different ages are committing cyber-crimes due to the accessibility of computers and the ease of committed the crime. The plethora of information on the internet has greatly increased the threat to national security. The 21st century internet, coupled with the social networks, has made it very easy for terrorist to communicate enabling them to commit cyber terrorism. Research conducted by the United States Institute of Peace concluded in 1998 approximately 15 terrorist organizations established websites on the internet. That numbered doubled in 2000 and more than quadrupled from 2003 to 2004. Although the research have overwhelmingly proved terrorist websites exit, those who would have an influence on regulating the websites have chosen to overlook them (Weimann, 2004). From 6 February through 14 March 2011, Norton by Symantec Corporation released a Cyber Crime Analysis Report based on an online survey of 19,636 respondents from 24 countries. The report revealed a total of over four-hundred million adults were victims of cyber-crime within a year of the study; which equated to fourteen victims per second;...
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...Cyber-Crime Trends Melody Ann Lovelace CJA570 October 10, 2011 Ray Gagne Cyber-Crime Trends In the dawn of the 21st century, the evolution of new technology and science concepts have made changes to everyone’s daily life. Cyber-crimes are a creature that did not exist 15-plus years ago. Back in the day, before technology, were only the conventional crimes such as illegal behaviors people thought were criminal behaviors. However, in today’s time an individual must be extremely careful because not only are people combating traditional crimes but cyber-crimes as well. Cyber-crimes are the newest and most complicated crimes for the new century. A cyber crime is an individual conducting actions such as disrupting communications and devices, disrupting networks, Internet, and telephone; both landlines and mobile. Individuals of various ages are committing cyber crimes because these types’ crimes are easier to commit than the traditional kidnapping, murder, or human trafficking. According to Parthasarati (n. d.), cyber criminals fall into one of four categories or groups including children and adolescents between ages six to 18, organized hackers, professional hackers/crackers, and the discontent employee(s). The child or adolescent will partake in such behaviors to prove his or her self superior or outstanding over other individual in his or her age group. The organized hacker will want to fulfill objectives such as political bias and fundamentalism to name a couple. The professional...
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...intricate and deceptive approach in the 21st century. With the always-constant advancement of technology, the Internet has grown to be a medium where, individuals utilize it as a platform to conduct criminal activities. Some criminal activities account for: fraud, cyber warfare, financial misconduct, and cyber-bullying. This has grown to be an incredible concern as human safety has been established as the main topic of conversation. With regards too the governance geography of criminal activities, “criminal organizations [as well as, individuals] cloak their power in the mantle of state authority” (Williams). However, “this [does not] suggest that the criminal interaction will determine all aspects of state behavior” (Williams). Furthermore, criminal organizations continue to “entrench themselves in weak states in the former Soviet Union, Africa, Latin America and parts of Asia, [due to] differing degrees of vulnerability” (Williams). Imperviousness to solve these limitations is an approach that must be taken. Instead of acknowledging the ideology of compromising human security, economic and social concerns, there should be some sort of regulation rules implemented. However, there is, “a possible consequence of global divide caused by competing ideologies [over a] struggle for power” (Williams). It is most likely that, states that advocate, “law and order [are the same ones] that are dominated by criminal interests and criminal authorities” (Williams). The constitution...
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...Cyber Bullying Cyber bullying takes place using electronic technology with that being said it attracts mainly teenagers. Cellphones, computer and tablets by now everyone has access to any of these items with internet to connect on-line. Cyber bullying can happen through mean text messages, emails, and rumors or even posted on social networking. These things can be posted anonymously and can be distributed quickly making it impossible to trace down the source. In a study performed of middle age teens, 30 percent of students said to be involved in cyber bullying as victims and 27.5 percent reported being involved in cyber bulling as the bully. Students who were involved in cyber bullying were more likely than others to report perpetration of violence toward peers. In addition to the study females were more likely than males to be bully victims. Weather done in person or through technology the effects of bullying is similar. It can affect everyone, those who are bullied, the bully and the people that witness. Cyber bullying can be linked to many negative outcomes mental health, substance abuse and even suicide. Cyber bullying is a crime because it is harassment there are consequences for these actions. According to the Texas Penal Code; cyber bullying falls into the harassment category. Harassment a person commits an offense if, with intent to harass, annoy, alarm, abuse, torment or embarrass another(42.07). Harassment law that can be used to criminally...
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...The internet has changed how organizations conduct business. Within moments information exchange occurs and a profit is made. It has changed how crimes are investigated and solved by law enforcement agencies. Unfortunately, it has also changed how criminals conduct their crimes- through cyberspace. President Obama, Sony executives, Target organization and many of its’ customers have all been victims of some form of cyber crimes. This writer will provide a brief overview of the six types of cybercrimes and the economic loss as it affects America’s businesses. TYPES OF CYBER CRIME The growth and availability of technology has resulted in cyber attacks becoming a major concern for governments worldwide (Dzielinski, 2014). Small companies along with the larger corporations are now being targeted. A recent survey reported that more than one-third of small companies have been victims of some form of cyber attacks (Dzielinski, 2014). Approximately 75 percent of these companies were unable to recover their stolen data. The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has classified cyber crimes into six categories; fraud, computer trespassing, hardware hijacking, bullying-harassment-stalking, spam, and cyber warfare. Financial fraud is considered to be the most common of the six cyber attacks. The Target Corporation, the third largest U.S. retailer, and its customers were affected in 2013 (Target Corporation, 2013). Despite in place security measures, Target failed to detect...
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...Ethical issues of Cyber Bullying Introduction The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Health Resources and Services administration (HRSA) defines bullying as aggressive behavior that is intentional and involves an imbalance of power or strength, and HRSA notes that this behavior is usually repeated over time. Cyber bullying, is the social-networking phenomenon that is gaining traction among America’s tech-savvy teens, is drawing more attention than ever from school districts and state legislatures anxious to curb the online taunts and insults. This research paper includes description of cyber bullying, its different forms, effects of cyber bullying on individuals and suggestions in order to avoid this ugly form of bullying. Usually, cyber bullies are harassers; they use same weapons that bullies have used from ages: humiliation, gossips and threats. The difference is, cyber bullies do their dirty work using Web logs, emails, instant messaging, cell phones and several other electronic tools. According to psychotherapists, the easy access to Internet gives a chance to kids to say and to do things they wouldn't be able to do face to face, and also they feel they would not be held accountable in the same way, It gives bullies false sense of power and security. They say by using computers children get a sense of being anonymous. Using internet allows bullies to inflict abuse without experiencing or seeing the consequences of their actions, which makes...
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...Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics Computer Addiction and Cyber Crime Nick Nykodym The University of Toledo Sonny Ariss The University of Toledo Katarina Kurtz The University of Toledo This research explores the relationship between computer addiction and cyber crime. There is evidence of computer addiction in medical settings, scholarly journals and legal proceedings. Reviewing the history of computer addiction has shown that computer addiction can be related to cyber crime. This paper will define computer addiction, show how various cyber crimes, especially those against businesses and organizations, can be motivated by computer addiction and propose further research on how managers can deal with cyber crime in a business, by recognizing addictive behaviors and computer addiction in their employees. HISTORY OF COMPUTER ADDICTION Computer addiction is an idea that has been in existence for years. Since the 1970s, avid computer programmers and hackers have been called “addicts” by both psychologists and the general public (Reed, 2002, p. 135). In 1976, Weizenbaum wrote about computer programmers who could sit and work at their computer terminals for twenty or thirty hours at a time. This behavior however, was viewed at the time as useful to technology and society. Computers, once seen as huge government machines that only very knowledgeable people could use, transformed into user-friendly tools that could be used by the everyday person. It became more common...
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...Louis Thayer Professor Carpenter CRJ 212 April 7th, 2011 Generally when people are talking about evidence they are thinking of physical evidence or a key witness of a specific crime described. In some instances this is not always the case. As technology becomes more advanced and readily available in today’s society so isn’t the rate of cyber crimes and how they have increased. A cyber crime could be defined as a crime using the technology, usually over the internet and other technological devices. It is important that our generation and then future generations understand what is happening in today’s society. There has been a growing trend that probably started up a few years ago. “Sexting” is the form of texting for the young teenager generation to show them self in the most unwanted manner. The evidence of sexting could get you very serious trouble and then you could be facing like long threatening outcomes as a part of it. The purpose of the article “sexting” found in the Federal Bureau of Investigation Bulletin is to show the risky actions and overreactions if you get caught (Bowker and Sullvian 1). The authors of this article take an approach in multiple areas of this article. It gives the consequences pending what actually happens and then the horrific stories and why you should not do it in the first place (1). The evidence approach to this article can be interpreted as so. There are two ways that the evidence of sexting can be seen (Bowker and Sullivan 1). The...
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