...Tutorial 6 Chapter 8: Consumer Learning 1. The Elements of Consumer Learning • Consumer learning is a process: it evolves and changes as a result of newly acquired knowledge or from actual experience. • Newly acquired knowledge and personal experience serve as feedback to the individual and provide the basis for future behaviour in similar situations. Learning: From Simple, almost reflexive responses to abstract concepts and complex problem-solving. 2. Behavioural Learning Theories Also called stimulus-response theories: Based on the premise that observable responses to specific external stimuli signal that learning has taken place. Classical Conditioning Pavlov: Conditional learning results when a stimulus (unconditional stimulus: food) that is paired with another stimulus (conditional stimulus = bell) that elicits a known response serves to produce the same response when used alone. Optimal conditioning: Creation of a strong association between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US) => 1. forward conditioning (the CS should precede the US); 2. repeated pairings of the CS and the US; 3. a CS and US that logically belong together; 4. a CS that is novel and unfamiliar; and 5. a US that is biologically or symbolically salient. →Neo-Pavlovian condition: The consumer (information seeker) uses logical and perceptual relations among events to form a sophisticated representation...
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...1. ABSTRACT Consumer behavior refers to a discipline dealing with how and why consumers purchase (or do not purchase) goods and services (Schiffman, 2011). I did the qualitative analysis for this research. This report expounds an interview of two consumers who purchased 5D Mark II recently, and sorts the answers into five decision-making process steps (Problem recognition; search for information; evaluation of alternatives; outlet selection and product purchase; post purchase processes including customer satisfaction and consumer loyalty) (Quester, et al. 2011), and compare the differences in response and behavior between the two interviewees. In addition, this report discusses ‘consumers prefer choose known brand’ and the factors influenced consumers’ behavior. 2. BODY 1. Background Information I select Canon DSLR (Digital Single Lens Reflex) 5D Mark II as marketing research object. [pic] Back in August 2005 Canon 'defined a new DSLR category' (their words) with the EOS 5D. Unlike any previous 'full frame' sensor camera, the 5D was the first with a compact body (i.e. not having an integral vertical grip) and has since then proved to be very popular, perhaps because if you wanted a full frame DSLR to use with your Canon lenses and you didn't want the chunky EOS-1D style body then the EOS 5D has been your only choice (Don & Askey, 2009). Three years on and two competitors have turned up in the shape of...
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...perspective, e-commerce is the ability to deliver products, services, information, or payments via networks such as the Internet and the World Wide Web. 2. From an interface perspective, e-commerce involves various information and transaction exchanges: business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer. 3. From a business perspective, e-commerce includes activities that directly support commerce electronically by means of networked connections. 4. From an online perspective, e-commerce is an electronic environment that makes it possible to buy and sell products, services, and information on the Internet. 5. From a structural perspective, e-commerce involves various media: data, text, web pages, Internet telephony, and internet desktop video. 6. As a market, e-commerce is a worldwide network. A local store can open a Web storefront and find the world at its doorstep-customers, suppliers, competitors, and payment services. E-business: Connecting critical business systems and constituencies directly via the Internet, Extranets, and Intranets. It goes beyond a web site on the Internet to affect all aspects of business, from strategy and process to trading partners and the ultimate consumer. It combines the resources of traditional information systems with the global reach of the Web. E-business enables organizations to accomplish the following goals: 1. Reach new markets. 2. Create new products and services. 3. Build customer...
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...Human Resource Roles and Responsibilities Human resource roles and responsibilities are changing because business trends are changing. Technology, e-business, ethics, and globalization are changing the way companies do business and therefore, the human resource management need to make changes to keep up with the new trends. Globalization and Technology During the past century companies have made changes to the way human resource department’s run. Many companies created jobs overseas, which slowed down the hiring in the United States (Noe, R., Hollenbeck, J., Gerhart, B. & Wright, P., 2004). Companies are finding to survive they must compete in international markets and fend off their competitors. Companies are also outsourcing and offshoring the workload in order to compete and pay employees lower pay. Technology is constantly advancing forward. In today’s business world technology is changing rapidly and human resource department find they need to move with it. These days few companies use paper for job applications now businesses rely on the internet which combines data from several sources into a single site. Shared service centers consolidate different human resource functions into a single location (Noe, et al, 2004). Diversity and E-Business Diversity in the U.S. labor force is growing in racial, ethnic, and gender terms. Many U.S. companies have already committed themselves to ensuring they recognize the diversity of their internal labor force and use it to gain...
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...H-E-B grocery store https://www.heb.com/ fits the category of a non – news organization that utilizes social media feeds alongside traditional media feeds. Mixed media is the best way to describe H-E-B online communication (i.e. identified as a mixture of owned media, paid media shared/social media and earned media). The organization has its own website (owned media pg. 175) that allows the company to have control over information disseminated out to both its internal and external publics (pg. 118). When it comes to paid media (pg. 176), H-E-B paid to have control over 60 seconds of air time during the 2018 super bowl. Its commercial in this case demonstrated corporate advertising (pg. 176) as it promoted its annual contest Quest for Texas...
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...Joshua Tollison Phase 4 Individual Project MGM310-1204B-01 Bari Courts 23 December 2012 If I were to start an e-business the main thing I would focus on would be functionality of the site and ease to make customers feel comfortable and confident about shopping with my storefront. By this I mean designing a site that gives customers several options for the products they are shopping for; along with that my customers would have access to multiple pictures of every product available, and a detailed description of the item they are interested in. My customers would also be able to compare similar items by their available options and provide a side by side analysis. The main thing for my e-business though would be the superior customer service that is provided to my clients by means of email, live chat, and a customer service hotline if you would prefer to talk to a representative. One of the final details that would make my site superior to others would be a hassle free return policy that even included return shipping for those who need to return their products for any reason. To be able to make this dream come true there are several other factors that I will be discussing throughout this paper as I present my business plan for establishing my storefront. I. E-Commerce Infrastructure Just as brick and mortar companies have an infrastructure to help them succeed in business, so do e-businesses. By having the correct infrastructure in place allows a company to run...
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...in technology and way of life. One of the most significant forces driving this development is the ability to record and deliver information across distances and at rates expanding exponentially. This is also referred to as the information age. Digital technology has changed the economy. The new terminology being used is e-marketing where the primary source of value creation for consumers has shifted from physical goods to services and information. This does not mean that everything we previously knew about business becomes irrelevant and obsolete, but it does mean that significant changes in business environment justify new approaches to thinking of the best marketing strategy and management. In summary E-commerce can be defined as an exchange of goods and services between parties, individuals and organizations as well as the electronically based intra and inter organizational activities that facilitate such exchanges.(Dave.C.,2007,p,4) There are four categories of E-commerce:- a) Business to business b) Business to consumer c) Consumer to business d) Consumer to consumer Most business still carries out the traditional ways of conducting business. This is by having a physical address where they have their products and services and translations are made there. Due to the new dot com community and ways of doing business many businesses have taken up the opportunity of conducting business online. This is because of the benefits brought about by...
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...1. Introduction Electronic commerce has become an attractive market to the world, and the emerging business opportunities are now becoming a major factor in world economics. Although, investment through e-commerce channels returns high profits, but like many IT systems, it could lead business organizations to a risky situation or failing to deliver expected returns. The main cause of this is the inconsistency between the system design and the desired requirements or for the misunderstanding between IT professionals and business experts. Therefore, to design e-commerce system, a communication pattern is needed either between system developers and business owner, or between customers and the online business system. Moreover, e-commerce system should be adapted with the whole business environment such as business norms and behavior, customer practice, business rules and government policy. However, Semiotic that is ‘the science of signs’ has brought many approaches to facilitate the process of understand signs’ meaning. The approach of organizational semiotic defied the organization as a group of social norms and emphasizes on the people and their role and responsibility in order to merge them when analyzing and designing information system (Stamper et al, 2004). For e-commerce systems, there is a necessity of clear meaning for each symbol, icon and image because almost all transactions done through the web system without human agent involvement. Therefore, semiotic...
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...Operations—it’s another strong core competencies of NIKE. Which are efficient operations. ▪ Including the hot topic in global souring. Such as NIKE launched a new business unit called Sustainable Business & Innovation, as well as a new business sub-unit called Sustainable Manufacturing & Sourcing. ▪ Such as: ----- At NIKE’s distribution centers, they have begun assessing its waste, most of which is corrugated cardboard, and most of which is recycled. We have also been seeking opportunities to reuse inbound shipping boxes for outbound shipping, rather than discarding and recycling them. Our distribution center in China has been testing this process. 4. Distribution--- ▪ Plans to manufacture near its consumers. ▪ Nike has 750 retail stores around the world, channels and distributions all over the world. 5. Marketing & Sales ▪ The...
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...Globalization in Business: And the effect it is having Steven Galvan IT/205 Chester Grice April 14, 2013 In the business world today, the way in which we conduct business continues to evolve everyday with the continued development of the internet and our ability to keep track of data, which impacts the business as a whole. It is believed that the use and development of information systems in business made globalization possible. (Matthew Read, 2010) The use of information systems has changed the mindset of all that look to run a successful business. The use of tools such as the internet, smart phones, tablets, and laptops has taken the business world by storm, as they have made the day to day operations of a business possible from anywhere. This fact alone has allowed smaller businesses to reach out to a broader customer base, allowing smaller businesses to be more competitive. Smaller businesses have also been able to supplement their earning potential with the addition of online business, leading me to believe that smaller businesses will be able to keep their doors open a little easier. Another area that has improved in the business sector is the rate at which transactions and communication can be processed. For instance the development of email has greatly improved the way in which things get communicated in the business world. In the past you might have been left to...
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...Urban Outfitters Continuing Case Study: Creating a Business Steve Jobs Introduction to Business Professor Mariatta Lewis July 31, 2011 Urban Outfitters Continuing Case Study: Creating a Business Starting a business can be very challenging. There’s always a positive and negative side to it and it’s not always easy. Entrepreneurs and business owners will always over come different challenges when setting up a business. Finances, location, and finding a good staff is all linked together but can be challenging when opening up a business. Finances have a big part to opening up a business. You will have to find the right lender and see who has the best interest rates for business loans. For example, if I was to start up my own restaurant I will need money to buy or rent a facility, buy restaurant equipment, or buying the food. First I will have to sit down and set up a business plan and see what is within my budget. If the bank qualifies you for a $100,000 loan you know that is your budget. Figure out what you need to get for the business, find the location, and hiring a staff. A good way to budget is find stores that sell cheap items and buy things in bulk. Budgeting money can be very challenging because when you have that large lump sum it’s easy to just buy whatever you see. So as a new business owner plan out what you need for the business and budget the money you got. Finding a location can be very challenging. Explore your options to see if it...
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...business. For example, at the business I work at, PrecisionCraft, our architectural capabilities set us apart from many competitors. We would not attract as many customers without our extremely “life-like” 3D rendering capability that people are attracted to on our website. Also, we align the architecture with manufacturing technology that is also the latest and greatest. The technology is becoming so good that it will not be long before the architectural drawings will be “automatically” manufactured with no human communication necessary. A streamlined operation like this is a key to lowering manufacturing costs. Along every step of the value chain, the easier information can be accessed, the more value it will create to the end consumer. It is conclusive that IT has a significant impact on a company’s competitive position and it has been proven that the companies that have embraced the technology have been the most successful. The advantage will always be with those that use technology as a competitive advantage which sets the course that others will have to...
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...offering fine foods from all over the world, specializing in produce, meats, bakery, and cheese items. Owner Kathy Kudler says, “We believe with the diverse rich cultures Canada has to offer, our stores will be an opportunity for us to share only the finest products with the mix of diverse customers.” Kudler Fine foods will open their doors with an open house that will offer many wonderful promotions and free give-a-ways. Plus this will give any consumer a chance to sample a wide variety of fine foods from all over the world. Kudler will offer a frequent shopper program that will give consumers a chance to save on future store visits, special incentive offers sent through direct mail and e-mail. The founder, Kathy Kudler, first opened her three stores in Southern California in an upscale shopping center offering a variety of fine foods from all over the world. Her goal is offering the best selections of products by shopping the world, coupled with staffing experience, helpful and knowledgeable staff, and giving the consumer a delightful and pleasing shopping experience. Kudler Fine Foods is the PERFECT place to pick up any ingredient to create a gourmet meal. Offering a wide range of fine foods from across the world will satisfy all cultures of customers. For further information, contact customer service at (858) 555-0555 or locate Kudler Fine Foods on the web www.kudlerfinefoods.com . Virtual Organizations Portal|© 2007, 2010, 2011 Apollo Group, Inc. All Rights...
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...Jamal Walker Dr. Khan BUAD 327.001 9 October 2013 Case study 2 My first impression of the country rankings of doing is some of the countries I have never heard that were considered the top ten of doing business. Also my first impression is what makes them number I have never heard of the country. So that opened my eyes to some other places that are said to do business in a very efficient way. The unique thing about the countries in the top ten is that they in the top ten in at least three categories including the ease of doing business. The unique part about the countries not ranked in the top ten is there is a good amount of them that are ranked higher in some categories then countries in the top ten. Looking through the methodology it doesn’t really strictly talk about how much business they do. Really doesn’t talk about the size of the project they are working on rather than how long it takes them to do the project. One country could be working on things that are bigger than what the other country is doing but since they finish first they look better. There is nothing that shows how hard it may be in certain places to break barriers to start a business. Those other countries may not have ventured into because they know its tuff to start something. I don’t believe that EDB captures all of the key determinants because they just recently added some new which means that this was not good enough from the beginning. Then they could also be put into different categories by what...
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...Statistics in Business Danielle Devlin QNT/351 December 23, 2013 Mourad Tighiouart Statistics in Business Statistics is another way of saying gathered numerical information. Lind, Marchal, and Wathen, state that statistics is “the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data to assist in making more effective decisions” (2011). There are currently two types of statistics, descriptive and inferential. Descriptive statistics is described by Lind, Marchal, and Wathen as “methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in an informative way” (2011). Inferential statistics is described by Lind, Marchal, and Wathen as, “The methods used to estimate a property of a population on the basis of a sample” (2011). With the two types of statistics there are also four levels of statistics. These levels are called statistical data measurement. Each level of measurement allows data to be classified. These measurements are: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Nominal level of measurement as qualitative variables is only allowed to be classified and counted. An example of nominal level of measurement would be gender, because there is no natural order to the outcomes. The next level of measurement is ordinal. This level is used when rating or ranking date. An example of ordinal level of measurement would be how a survey rates a product or service as “Good”, “Better”, or “Best”. Next is the interval level of measurement. This...
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