...This research framework shows the relationship between the product value (included price, ingredient, brand…) and consumers’ ethical awareness of consumers’ purchase behaviors on social responsible cosmetic products. According to a literature review, there are some findings about the relationship between variable and the following hypotheses were constructed based on those findings. Hypothesis 1: consumers’ ethical awareness of CSR has a positive influence on consumer purchase behavior on CSR Hypothesis 2: product value has a negative influence on consumer purchase behavior on CSR Hypothesis 3: consumers’ ethical awareness has relationship with product value 3.2 Research Design In this dissertation, the research uses the deductive approach....
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...Valeria Altamirano Business Ethics Reading Response Consumers: Responsibilities of Business to Customer and Product Safety There are many moral issues in the business world relevant to consumers. In particular, businesses have moral duties to consumers and some actions taken in business are morally preferable that have an impact on consumers. In this paper, I will discuss the responsibilities of business to consumer and product safety. Businesses have at least the following two general ethical duties to consumers, according to any theory of justice or morally that recognizes that contractual relationships give us obligations and that we have a right to non-injury. Businesses must give us what we pay for. Whenever we trade, we are exchanging goods and services within an implicit or explicit contrast. One person is obligated to give one thing in exchange for another. People should not be deceived about what they are buying. For example, when we buy a TV set we expect to get the TV set, that the TV set will function, that the TV set has minimally sufficient quality, and that the TV set will not harm us when used in ordinary ways. Business must not harm anyone, including consumers. Business can make moral decisions that are not necessarily ethical duties. Some moral decisions are morally favorable and some are morally unfavorable. For example, utilitarians will argue that a business can help people live better lives, even though its not necessarily obligated to do so...
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...value is created" (Day 1990, p. 163). Day (1990) addresses the issues in analyzing customer value and proposes that it can be expressed in a "value equation": "Customer's Perceived Benefits-Customer's Perceived Costs=Perceived Customer Value" (p. 142). Although Day's approach to customer value is basically sound, some details regarding consumer customers remain unclear. For example, the process by which consumers perceive product benefits is nebulous: Day particularly addresses product valuation by industrial customers in detail, but this is only in principle a part of a much more complex process of product valuation by consumers. Hence a theoretical framework which underlies the consumers' overall product valuation is still missing in the literature. Such a framework should address the issues of how consumers perceive the benefits and costs of products, as well as what possible benefits and costs consumers may perceive from products in the market. The current paper tries to fill these gaps. In addition, the word "value" has discrepant meanings in the marketing literature, especially between its two areas: marketing strategy and consumer behavior. What marketing strategists mean by "customer value" is quite...
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...Marketing Management – I Post Purchase behaviour of consumers of products of value below Rs. 5 Sunsilk Shampoo sachet 1 Contents Contents .................................................................................................................................................. 2 Objectives of the Study............................................................................................................................ 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 4 Skin and Body care in Indian FMCG Industry ...................................................................................... 4 Sunsilk Shampoo ................................................................................................................................. 4 Research Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 6 Target Areas / Locations ..................................................................................................................... 6 Some of the Key findings of the Interviews ............................................................................................ 7 Key Findings and Interpretations of Observed Data ............................................................................. 13 Areas of Improvement .................................
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...Grade Received - "A" Create a new consumer product. Define your target market. Select a song and an endorser for your campaign, and explain the rationale behind your choices. Marketers have to be innovative when it comes to promoting any type of product. Analyzing and selecting a positioning strategy can mean the difference between success and failure for a new or existing product. In this discussion I will attempt to create a new consumer product, define my target market and an endorser for my campaign and explain the rationale behind my choices and discuss my competition and how we are both poised to compete and differentiate. I believe I have an outstanding idea for a new and innovative product. What is the next best thing from virtual reality? The answer to the question is augmented reality. We see augmented reality used in video games, movies and real world situations. My idea for a new and innovative product is augmented technology within contact lenses. With augmented reality technology and contact lenses, individuals will be able to program directions using GPS to help them go places. The way it can work is while they are driving, the names of the streets will pop up in each intersection giving directions on where to turn and how far the destination is. If they are in an unfamiliar area and would like to know what stores are in the location, they can program the contact lens to have names of stores pop up in the direction they are looking. I have seen this...
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...1. Debate the issue of global versus adapted products for the international market. A recurring debate exists relative to product planning and focuses on the question of standardized products marketed worldwide versus differentiated products adapted or even redesigned for each culturally unique market. Those with a strong production and unit cost orientation advocate standardization and others, perhaps more culturally sensitive, propose the policy of a different product for each market. The issue cannot be resolved with a simple either/or decision. Cost revenue analyses need to be done and decisions made in the hard, cold lights of profitability. There is no question that significant cost savings can be realized from having standardized products, packages, brand names, and promotional messages but this makes sense only if there is adequate demand for the standardized products: costs must be balanced with demand. On the other hand, if the cost of an individualized product when evaluated against price/demand characteristics within a market exceeds potential profit, then it is ridiculous not to consider other alternatives including not marketing the product at all. To differentiate for the sake of differentiation is no solution, and realistic business practice requires a company to strive for uniformity in its marketing mix whenever and wherever possible. Economies of production, better planning, more effective control, and better use of creative managerial personnel are all...
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...World Trade Organisation History At the United Nations conference held at Geneva in 1947, twenty three countries including United States of America signed General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). During the same year, a charter was put on the table for setting up, within the United Nations Organisation, of a new agency to be called International Trade Organisation (ITO). Fifty nations signed the charter in Havana the following year, but it was never subsequently ratified by the required number of countries. The purpose of the agreement was to promote international trade free of barriers in the aftermath of World War II, and to draw up proposals for the implementation of policies based on those principles set in the agreement. It covered all the issues like tariffs, quotas, taxes, international commodity agreements and whatever was considered to have a bearing on the development of international trade, and was based on policies of non-discrimination and tariff reductions. GATT has been expanded and updated through a series of multi-year conferences. The most famous have been the Kennedy Round (1963-1967), the Tokyo Round (1973-1979), and the Uruguay Round (1986-1994). The Uruguay Round ended with the decision to dissolve GATT and establish the more powerful and more institutionalised World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995. The WTO replaced GATT as an international organization, but the General Agreement still exists as the WTO’s umbrella treaty for trade in goods. Trade...
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...TITLE PAGE PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES ON THE MARKETING OF CONSUMER GOODS IN NIGERIA, (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN TOBACCO COMPANY PLC. KANO) BY DAVID GARGADI (PGS/SMS/04/2840 BEING A RESEARCH WORK SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, BAYERO UNIVERSITY, KANO AS PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) JULY, 2007 APPROVAL SHEET The Dean School of Post Graduate Studies Bayero University, Kano Kano SUBMISSION OF RESEARCH PROJECT This is to certify that DAVID GARAGADI (PGS/SMS/05/3737) have successfully completed this research work on the subject; The Consequences of product differentiation on the marketing of consumer goods in Nigeria, (A case study of Nigeria tobacco company plc.Kano) under my supervision. -------------------------------------------- Dr. Ado K/Mata ----------------------------------------------- Prof. A.R Mohammed (The Dean School of Post Graduate Studies) CERTIFICATION I certify that this dissertation entitled: THE CONSEQUENCES OF PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION IN THE MARKETING OF CONSUMER GOODS IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN TOBACCO COMPANY PLC, KANO). Written by: DAVID GARGADI (PGS/SMS/04/3737) meets the requirement governing the award of Master...
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...New Products in Consumer Goods By Patrick Bower consumer packaged goods. There are no magical algorithms, forecasting tools, or proprietary process solutions that offer much more than a "like as" or analog-based planning solution. The companies that do the best job in forecasting new ¡Hnáucts work the details in a methodical way, challenge underlying assumptions, and examine all available data to givei: PATRICK BOWER Mr. Bower is Senior Director of Corporate Planning & Customer Service at Combe Incorporated, producer of high-quality personal care products. He is a frequent writer and speaker on supply chain subjects, and is a self-professed "S&OP geek." Prior to Combe, he was with a consulting firm where he worked for clients such as Diageo, Bayer, Glaxo Smith Kline, Pfizer, Foster Farms, Farley's and Sather, Cabot Industries, and American Girl. His experience also includes employment at Cadbury, Kraft Foods, Unisys, and Snapple. He has been twice recognized as a "Pro to Know" by Supply atid Detnand Chain Executive magazine. He is also the recipient of the IBF 2012 award for "Excellence in Business Forecasting & Planning." His expertise includes S&OP, demand planning, inventory, network optimization, and production scheduling. Copyright ©2013 Journal of Business Forecasting 1 All Rights Reserved I Winter 2012-2013 ne of the toughest demand planning tasks is forei goods world. Why? First, we don't really have good math tg^nnelp us. It would be great if there were...
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...recognize the cost of such a sales incentive at the later of the following: a. The date at which the related revenue is recognized by the vendor b. The date at which the sales incentive is offered” In this case, Consumer Cleaning Products Corporation (CCPC) had recognized revenue for over $2,000,000 by December 31, 2009. CCPC began releasing coupons concurrently with the detergent’s launch date of December 1, 2009; therefore, requirement (a) is the later of the two dates. All of the estimated coupon redemption of $20,000 should be expensed on December 31, 2009 which would fall within CCPC’s 2009 Income Statement. 2) According to ASC 605-50-25-4, “A vendor shall recognize a liability… based on the estimated amount of refunds or rebates that will be claimed by customers. However, if the amount of future rebates or refunds cannot be reasonably and reliably estimated, a liability (or deferred revenue) shall be recognized for the maximum potential amount of the refund or rebate.” The codification then states factors that make estimates unreliable including: “a. Relatively long periods in which a particular rebate or refund may be claimed b. The absence of historical experience with similar types of sales incentive programs with similar products or the inability to apply such experience because of changing circumstances c. The absence of a large volume of relatively homogeneous transactions.” The fact that CCPC’s sales incentive is for a relatively long period...
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...Topic: CONSUMERS’ PERCEPTION ON PRODUCT QUALITY AND BRAND DILUTION ON VARIOUS SEGMENTS OF TOBACCO INDUSTRY IN BANGLADESH - AN EMPIRICAL STUDY TO IDENTIFY THE SCOPE OF IMPROVEMENT FOR BATB Abstract: Now a day’s quality of the products is the primary concern for the customers. Customers value their money and always prefer the quality product. Tobacco industry is a potential industry and its growth is also related with national GDP. About one percent of our GDP is used in consumption of tobacco product that’s why it becomes a huge market for the competitors of tobacco industry. As the cigarette is both competitive and controversial product so marketing of this product is very difficult. There are many tobacco companies in Bangladesh. Among them British American Tobacco Bangladesh (BATB) is a pioneer and leading multinational cigarette manufacturer followed by local manufacturer Dhaka tobacco. This paper tried to find out the relation with quality and brand dilution and brand dilution occurs broadly in FMCG industry. Brand dilution is the weakening of a brand though its overuse. This frequently happens as a result of ill-judged brand extension. Price cutting that increases sales volumes but moves a brand down-market can be similarly damage a brand. Brand dilution is an ever present risk for companies that rely on a strong brand for high margins. A company that owns a strong brand obviously wants to leverage it to sell as much as possible, but the very strategies used to purse...
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...Disney consumer products consist of toys, fashion and home products, food, health & beauty, Disney stationary, Disney stores, Disney Publishing Worldwide, Disney Global Book Group, Disney Digital Books, Disney English, Disney Family Fun, Disney Baby Einstein, and Disney websites. According to the Disney 2010 financial annual report and share holder letter, consumer products generate revenue from the licensing characters from Disney film, television, other properties, publishing children’s books and magazines, retail stores, and internet shopping sites. The operating expenses include costs of goods sold, distribution, operating labor, and retail occupancy costs. The revenue that comes from consumer products can make a major difference on how Disney does its financial planning. According to the Disney 2010 financial annual report and shareholder letter, changes in public and consumer tastes and preferences for entertainment and consumer products could reduce demand for Disney entertainment offerings and products and affect the profitability of the business. The success of Disney businesses depends on the company’s ability to consistently create and distribute consumer products that meet the changing preferences of the consumer market. Many of the Disney businesses increasingly depend on the acceptance of the company’s products by consumers outside of the United States. The consumers outside of the United States base their success on Disney’s prediction and adaptation to the changes...
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...Disney’s Dilemma Disney Consumer Products Europe and Middle East (DCPEME), a business unit of The Walt Disney Company, is hoping to maintain their position as the fastest growing division within the company by expanding into the Middle East. This region represents huge growth potential for Disney due to its favorable demographics and consumer spending patterns. These lucrative business opportunities in the Middle East resulted in DCPEME signing a 50/50 joint venture with a Saudi Arabian regional partner in 1993. The joint venture would begin their operations in Saudi Arabia, but was interested in expanding into neighboring countries, specifically Lebanon. DCPEME now faces the decision of determining whether entering Lebanon is the correct next step in their Middle Eastern expansion strategy. Additionally, if the company decides to enter Lebanon then they must evaluate the best product categories to launch as well as identify which distribution options will position the country for success. Should Lebanon be Next? Lebanon is considered a small and prosperous Middle Eastern nation. A devastating civil war in the 1970s and 1980s wreaked havoc on the country’s infrastructure, but their economy has since recovered and is now characterized by free market pricing and an unrestricted exchange and trade system. Currently, Disney products are already distributed in Lebanon via three channels: worldwide licensees (ex. Mattel), non-worldwide licensees that distribute in Lebanon...
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...Unit 3 – Question 1 pg 179 The first question in the text book is a question that a lot of companies are asking themselves because of what Disney has been able to do with its brand. The question is as follows: What does Disney do best to connect with its core consumers? It can be seen from the passage that by the early 1970s Disney determined on clientele encompass of kids, relatives and adults. From the early to mid 1980s, it implemented policies to get in touch with older viewers. Now its advertising to all ages and civilization. Now it is one of the principal vary global entertainment business which consists of five divisions which include the following: The Walt Disney Studios, Parks and Resorts, Disney Consumer Products, Media Networks, and Interactive Media. This diversity supplies adequate probability for all category of consumers to first-rate services. They used up-and-coming knowledge to attach with patrons. This assists clientele to be provided with more expediently and amusingly. Disney’s nucleus values, as dedicated by its president in saying their greatest confrontation is to keeping up with a 90-year-old trademark pertinent and existing to its central part spectators while wait factual to its inheritance and core trade name principles. Today, the company is one of the planets main medium activity corporation in the globe having a unsurpassed correlation with core patrons. From the time when it began in 1923 by the Disney brothers, Disney has stayed soaring...
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...choice. Bateman & Snell (2011) states, “Organizations can be structured on the basis of function, division (product, customers, or geographic), matrix, and network (chapter 8, p. 302)”.Each form has advantages and all organizational structures are developed to enable the organization to accomplish its work and succeed as a business. This paper will cover the structure of the organization that Walt Disney uses. I will compare and contrast the structure that Walt Disney uses with two different organizational structures. Then I will evaluate how organizational functions influence and determine the organizational structure. Last I will explain how organizational design helps determine which structure best suits Walt Disney’s organizational needs. Walt Disney is considered one of the top companies in the world. They have survived for over 80 years and have done so by evolving with the future. According to the textbook Bateman & Snell (2011), “core competence is the capability—knowledge, expertise, skill—that underlies a company’s ability to be a leader in providing a range of specific goods or services” (chapter 9, p.310). Walt Disney definitely is a company that has core competence and the structure used today is a Matrix. The Walt Disney company consists of four main umbrella categories; The Walt Disney Studios, Resorts and Parks, Disney Consumer Products, and finally Media Networks (Danielski, 2009). The matrix structure allows the benefits of vertical and horizontal...
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