...had a great impact on the modernization of developing countries. I. Introduction II. Definition of consumerism III. Consumerism in the First World A. Consumerism in the USA B. Consumerism in European countries IV. The spreading of consumerism in the developing countries A. Consumerism in China B. Consumerism in India C. Consumerism in South America V. Cause and effect of the expending consumerism in the world A. Cause B. Effect VI. Conclusion A hundred years ago, Napoleon said that China is a lion which fell asleep. This may, or may not, be true. If Napoleon was right, is this lion still asleep or is it waking up? If you walk in Akihabara, the most famous place for digital product shopping in Japan, you can see many Chinese signs and hear Chinese announcements all day. Chinese are buying expensive products all over the world today. In only a few years, China has mastered the art of production and the purchasing of that production. It has taken the wisdom in regards to markets and consumption, which has taken advanced countries several decades to build up. Similar phenomenona happens in not only China but also many other developing countries. In contrast to the gradual development of Western societies, some developing countries have gone from poverty to gluttony in a few decades. Within several generations, people's concerns have gone from basic survival to a love of more material and luxuries. Consumerism has been the...
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...Introduction The role of hyper-consumerism on culture as a source of control and power relations has been discussed by a variety of scholarly voices. Among the most prominent is Michel Foucault, who described the various ways that consumer markets circumscribe public spaces, placing important distinctions between class members. In particular, Foucault discusses heterotopia – the public space which carries both physical and psychological gravity. For Foucault, public spaces are characterized by existing without truly existing. The heterotopia serves as a metaphor for a larger context while having the appearance and characteristics of other everyday spaces. Tyndall takes this notion a step further by developing social rules that are attached to consumer places, such as malls and shopping districts (Tyndall, 2009). This version of consumer-driven rules – culled from qualitative research and personal interviews – depicts a new notion of public-ness that is less egalitarian than ever before. It is a version of public space that is not entirely open to the public. Baker adds to this perspective by historicizing the commercialization of public space, dating the use widespread use of public space for advertising purposes to before the dawn of the 20th century (Baker, 2007). This argument inextricably links the notion of “culture” with “consumerism”, and sets the stage for the potential for access to public spaces to be consumed, or purchased. Finally, Klingle underscores this...
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...A social and force in the changing roles of women was consumerism which took off in the 1920’s and continued to have an impact on women until the 60’s/70’s, which to a small extent gave women an increased sense of independence, through working and self-expression. Industrialisation and the growth of cities laid the platform for mass consumerism in America, by the 1920s, the development of downtown department stores gave accessibility to a vast array of new goods and cities became the centre of cultural change. Mass entertainment was also popular with amusement parks, dance halls and movie theatres resulting in a new visibility of women in the public sphere. The department and chain stores created accessibility to an array of new goods. Women...
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...As people, we all have become materialistic in this modern society. We are competing with each other. People buy useless things because they see others or they wish something. In the article “Spent: America After Consumerism” the author, Amitai Etzioni, discusses two problems: consumerism and capitalism, which is causing an economic crisis. Etzioni explains how consumerism has become a social disease, where people are spending money on useless things to acquire higher lifestyle to fit in the society. He also suggests solutions, to control consumerism by following communitarianism or transcendental pursuit. However, many people feel that consumerism is part of life. They feel as if they acquire more materialistic objects or money it will bring happiness in their life. I do agree with the author that consumerism has become a social disease and people will do anything to acquire vain desires. At first, I have seen many people working extra-long hours to acquire their desires without thinking how restless life can affect them physically and mentally....
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...Consumer Behavior |Program |: |MBA |Class of |: |2009 | |Credit |: |3 |Sessions |: |33 | |Course Code |: |SL MM 602 | | | | Objective To understand the various factors influencing behavior of consumers – as individuals and as members of a group/society, and also the impact of consumerism in the contemporary environment. To understand the behavior of consumers – decision making, post-purchase behavior, behavior in a shopping environment, etc. To understand the behavior of organizations as consumers. |REFERENCE BOOKS |AUTHOR / PUBLICATION | |Consumer Behavior |ICMR | |Consumer Behavior, 5e |Leon G Schiffman and Leslie Lazar Kanuk, Prentice-Hall, India | |Consumer Behavior |Hawkins, Best & Coney, McGraw Hill | |Consumer Behavior |Blackwell, Miniard & Engel, Thomson ...
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...PEPSI’S CONCEPT OF ETHICAL CONSUMERISM By (name) Course: Tutor: Institution: Location of Institution: Date: Executive summary The ethical consumerism market has shifted significantly over the past few decades just as the attitudes regarding the environment and ethical sourcing of products. Unlike in the past decades when consumers were generally ignorant of the information regarding what was being offered to them, today the consumers are more individualistic and informed. A short opinion survey conducted among a sample of 13 students from GSM London to assess the factors that impact consumer behavior have shown that two-thirds of the respondents lean towards the assessment of a firm’s ethical marketing process before making a decision to buy from such a company. Table of Contents Executive summary 2 Introduction 4 An overview and analysis of ethical consumerism 4 Review of Pepsi Co Inc Company 6 Result of the Short Opinion Survey 8 Conclusion 10 Recommendation 10 Reference 11 Appendix 13 Introduction Ethical consumerism is growing in significance influencing customer choices as well as increasing the role played by the social movement in the marketing process (Buechler, 2010, p.13). New unfolding and ethics are pushing customers to participate actively in market participation and also to criticize the market process and retreat from it. This paper will focus on the analysis of factors that influences consumer behavior through an opinion survey conducted among thirteen...
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...MEANING OF CONSUMERISM Consumerism is a social and economic order that encourages the purchase of goods and services in ever-greater amounts. The term is often associated with criticisms of consumption starting with Torstein Veblen. Veblen's subject of examination, the newly emergent middle class arising at the turn of the twentieth century, comes to full fruition by the end of the twentieth century through the process of globalization. In this sense, consumerism is usually considered a part of media culture. Consumerism is also used to refer to the consumerists movement, consumer protection or consumer activism, which seeks to protect and inform consumers by requiring such practices as honest packaging and advertising, product guarantees, and improved safety standards. In this sense it is a movement or a set of policies aimed at regulating the products, services, methods, and standards of manufacturers, sellers, and advertisers in the interests of the buyer. In economics, consumerism refers to economic policies placing emphasis on consumption. In an abstract sense, it is the belief that the free choice of consumers should dictate the economic structure of a society. It was first used in 1915 to refer to advocacy of the rights and interests of consumers but in this article the term consumerism refers to the sense first used in 1960, emphasis on or preoccupation with the acquisition of consumer goods (Oxford English Dictionary). DEVELOPMENT OF CONSUMERISM The development...
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...Lecture Two: Advertising and Consumer Culture 1. Role of Advertising in Society * Does advertising create unnecessary wants? * The primary function of advertisements is to sell products * Publicly addressed to a mass audience widespread social effect * Intended to create desire and a belief that a product will satisfy desire of consumer 1. Economic Role * Making consumers aware of products and services facilitating selling process Expand consumer demand for products Encouraging consumption and fostering economic growth * Helps new competitors enter the market = advances competition, which results in the lowering of prices that consumers pay for goods and services Effects on Consumer Choice * Differentiation * Brand Loyalty Effects on Competition * Barriers to entry * Economies of scale Effects on product costs and prices * Advertising as an expense that increases the cost of products * Increased differentiation 2. Information Role * Commercial Speech must * Presents information to help consumers make decisions regarding the purchase of products and services * Ads tells us what is new, available, where, when and the price * Tell us about a products (alleged) quality and specifications 3. Entertainment Role * Ads have become an intrinsic part of modern society * Although we may condemn its objectives, as an aesthetic experience we enjoy ads in the same way we enjoy...
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...the writings of Karl Marx in 1818-1889. Marxists believe that we are socialized into a traditional gender, working role. This benefits the Bourgeoisie, ruling class who seek to own the means of production and impose a state of false class consciousness on the working class through ruling ideology. They believe certain cultures have negative impacts on society. Marxists believe one type of culture that has a negative impact on society is mass culture. Mass culture creates an unthinking, uncritical working class. This is shown in item A as it says "dumbing down", this suggests a lower quality of products is made as they are massed produced as they look inferior because they will have little value and are short lived compared to high culture products. This makes the working class feel content within their social positions so a lower quality of culture is created. The lower quality offers easy pleasure from its simplified types, therefore it stops people appreciating more complex forms of culture. This is shown in today's society as we have a capitalist system who creates false needs for the working class population where they produce vast profits through advertising and consumerism. However, this can be criticized as it could be what the 'masses' want to watch, dumbed down products that are appealing towards the lower class. Another culture that some Marxists believe that was similar to mass culture is popular culture. The sociologist Adorno compared popular music with mass produced...
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...Consumerism in the 1950’s The Great Depression in the 1930’s brought the unemployment rate to a staggering 17.9% (Witkowski , 1998). Consumers were forced to ration their spending habits to only include bare necessitates for the home. Aside from the addition of indoor “…flush toilets and electric lighting and appliances” families were not concerned with updating their material lifestyle (Witkowski , 1998). In 1940, 33% of Americans could not afford the luxury of running water and 48% had no refrigerator (Witkowski , 1998). Soldiers returning home after WWII were greeted by a vastly changing market for the American consumer. The war had caused inflation back home. In 1945, “the economy created 17 million new jobs” (Witkowski , 1998). The increase in incomes changed the dynamic of how American families viewed consumerism. Rationing of goods reformed into increased spending habits on recreational goods. Advertising dominated the market encouraging consumers to “keep up with the Jones’s”; a coined phrase that promoted consumers to spend money on material goods and update household appliances in order to maintain their desired social status. After the Depression ended wages more than doubled in 1950 compared to 1935, making consumers eager to spend (The Boom Years, 2012 p 274). Americans wanted to live “the good life” which meant having the latest household appliances like washing machines and refrigerators, a cookie-cutter house in the suburbs, a driveway for the family...
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...British Society 1951-2007 Post war consensus 1951-64 * The growth of the economy and rising living standards * Social tension: 1950s unrest; race riots, violence, criminality (Kray twins) and hooliganism (mods and rockers); selection and the diverse nature of secondary education (11+); changes in attitudes to class (into 60s) * Class system is well cut End of consensus 1964-75 * The impact on the economy of government interventions, 1964-1973 * The oil-price crisis of 1973 and the end of the ‘long post-war boom’ * The impact on communities of industrial disputes; the significance of the Miners’ strike 1973; the impact of the 3 day week, 1974; and the birth of environmentalism (cars, industrialisation, nuclear disarmament) Thatcher 1975-90 * The social impact of Thatcherism, including privatisations and the sale of council houses (makes a larger divide between the poor and working class) * The significance of the Miners’ strike 1984-85, on industrial relations; the emergence of extra-parliamentary opposition (change in society’s attitudes) Rise of New Labour 1990-2007 * Social issues and population change; the extent to which Britain had become an integrated and multicultural society by 2007 – yet still division within the community, still today but has changed * Understanding the meaning of: * Assimilation * Accommodation * Integration * Multi-ethnic * Multi-cultural * Multi-racial ...
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...Literature: The Rhetoric of Harry Potter Every so often there are stories that take the world by storm and make such an impact that they become part of our everyday world. (Czubek et al. 442) Jk Rowling’s Potter book series is by far one of the most loved series by adults and children for over sixteen years. First published in 1997, the world has fallen in love with Harry Potter and the magical world that he saved from destruction several times over. For me, growing up and being forced to read was always a problem until my father bought me the first book and I have been hooked ever since. A proud owner of all the books in hardback, audio books and all the movies, some would say I’m a bit of a Harry Potter nerd. For me, Harry Potter has become an everyday part of my world. In this review of rhetoric, three main components will be examined. The will be the examination of identities. Secondly, an examination of the commodity culture in the Potter books. Lastly, Christian undertones will be looked at. Identity Harry spent 11 years of his life not knowing who he was or where he belonged. He thought he belonged to his horrible Uncle Vernon and Aunt Petunia. Todd A. Czubek and Janey Greenwald have written an article that explains the parallels between Harry Potter and the Deaf world. Using a “deaf lens” we can gain insight into social arrangements in the same way that fields like Women’s Studies and Black Studies have brought gender and race issues to a level...
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...consumption patterns. The ever-growing middle class is one reason for this change. Population growth and economic development are driving consumption around the world and will continue to do so as billions of consumers – especially in China, India and other emerging economies add to the demand for goods and services. This has resulted in depletion of several valuable natural resources. Green consumerism refers to recycling, purchasing and using eco-friendly products that minimize damage to the environment. More and more businesses and industries are joining in the green movement, either out of a real interest in saving the planet or a desire to capitalize on the growing consumer demand for greener ways. For example, Wal-Mart anticipates savings to the tune of billions of dollars by reducing packaging across the supply chain and Wells Fargo issues carbon credits to offset its customers' credit card purchases. Very few consumers, who have realized the importance of going green, have been practicing it. For many, the perception about the idea is vague. Many organizations are actively trying to induce a paradigm shift in their green marketing strategies to enable them to reach the consumer. Has their attempt in this endeavour yielded results? The study is aimed at exploring the answers to these questions. Purpose and Scope of the Study This study is an attempt to understand the attitude consumers have towards green consumerism particularly with reference to their purchase...
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... Syllabus College of Humanities HUM/186 Version 4 Media Influences on American Culture Copyright © 2013, 2012, 2011, 2009 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description The course provides an introduction to the most prominent forms of media that influence and impact social, business, political, and popular culture in contemporary America. It explores the unique aspects of each medium as well as interactions across various media that combine to create rich environments for information sharing, entertainment, business, and social interaction in the United States and around the world. Policies Faculty and students will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Lule, J. (2012). Exploring media and culture. Irvington, NY: Flat World Knowledge, Inc. All electronic materials are available on the student website. Week One: The Formative Influence of Mass Media on American Culture Details Objectives 1.1. Identify the...
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...Examine the main trends in births and deaths since 1900 24 Marks The birth rate and death rate over the years has had a general trend of decrease. The birth rate is defined as the number of live births per 1000 per population per year. The death rate is defined as the number of deaths per 1000 of the population per year. The decrease in these rates has been due to a number of factors. One reason for the fall in the birth rate is as a result of the declining infant mortality rate (IMR). This has meant as a factor that because there are less infant deaths before their first birthday, there are a number of fewer children needing to be born as replacements for those that the parents have lost. The IMR in 1900 was 154 whereas this has fallen to just 4.4 in 2014. This decline in the IMR has been due to better awareness of nutrition and a vast improvement in the NHS care of post-natal mothers by setting up support clinics. But sociologists have argued that the trend to smaller families first happened in urbanised areas where the IMR remained quite high. Another main reason for the fall in the birth rate is the changes that have happened since 1900 to give a better position to women in society. The changing position of women has contributed to more women now choosing to have a career before children and with an easier access to divorce and family diversity being acknowledged Liberal Feminists have argued that now women have an increased choice and are a step closer to being free...
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