...During the 1700s, European thinkers were impressed by scientific discoveries in the natural world. They believed they could also uncover the scientific laws that governed human life. After discovering the laws of the universe, people could use the knowledge to help society improve. As the Scientific Revolution advanced, many educated Europeans came to believe that “reason” was a better guide than faith or tradition. To them, “reason” was the light that burned the darkness away and showed the way to the truth. Hence, the 18th century was labeled as the Age of Enlightenment. The Age of Enlightenment is one of the main causes of the the American and French revolutions, it is also considered as a predecessor to the Industrial Revolution. The Age of Enlightenment was influenced by the ideas of several different revolutionary thinkers, but two of the biggest thinkers of the seventeenth century, Isaac Newton and John Locke, are often referred to as the “father of Enlightenment”. The American Enlightenment, more moderate than in...
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...Hispanic American Diversity When you think about Hispanics you might think that it is one ethnic group, however there are many ethnic groups incorporated under the heading Hispanics. For my topic today I am going to cover Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans and people from Colombia. While they are all Hispanic they have different languages, traditions and family makeup. In this paper we will discuss the differences and the similarities of these diverse groups of people. It is amazing that although they cover such a vast amount of land geographically, there is so many things that they have in common. Mexican Americans are people of Mexican decent that have either been born here in the United States or became a United States citizen after immigrating here. A lot of people that believe that Mexican Americans work at jobs here in the United States that natural born citizens will not do, such as harvesting crops, bussing tables in restaurants and general labor positions. They take these jobs and are not paid a competitive wage. It seems to stand to reason that if they would not take these jobs, the employers would be forced to increase the salary, and they would not have to work for such substandard wages. While they come to this country with Spanish as their primary language, many immigrants learn English and it becomes their primary language. While it is harder for the older people to master English, when their children are enrolled in public education it is easier...
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...defensive against the Spanish and their allies (Indians) in Florida. By 1740 colonists were looking forward to appealing the English liberty of self-government to be able to own slaves. The 18th century Great Britain was proud of its self for being advanced and being the freest nation in the world at the time. Most British people shared a common law, language, and a common enemy in France and believed that wealth, religion, and freedom was the way to go. The British Constitution is the sense of the British identity which was the concept of liberty. The British liberty was a...
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...is in the Nation guard and is currently deployed here with me in Afghanistan. The typical functions of Clinton Harris the labor officer are to manage labor relations program of organization. He analyzes collective bargaining agreement to make sure both sides are fair in terms wages, hours of work, work environment, and health care by contracts. | Clinton Harris advice management about labor relation laws and also interpretation of labor relations policies and practices within the organization. He prepares reports, using records of actions taken concerning grievances, and identifies problem areas. He also monitors implementation of policies concerning wages, hours, and working conditions, to ensure compliance with terms of labor contract. Clint has to research information about additional labor reports and anything that is related to Labor relations. I asked Clinton, is it essential to familiarize yourself with labor laws of the government? He reply, well the duty of the labor relations specialist is to make certain information about government labor laws is that the organizations are follow the laws and they are not bending the law in their advantage to save money or...
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...August 7, 2009 Sarah Plies Police History The image of a uniformed police officer is so ingrained into our system today that it's easy to think of the cops as an institution used to stop crime. It may be surprising that the idea of police officers as we know them is an extremely young concept, dating back to only the 19th century. As did most governmental institutions, law enforcement agencies in society evolved slowly over time. In the ancient societies, there was no law enforcement of any kind there were only families and clans that took it upon themselves to take revenge against those who may have inured or offended or killed one of their own. The idea of crime prevention was almost nonexistent in the early history of law enforcement and criminology. During the early history of policing, individual citizens were largely responsible for maintaining law and order among themselves. Those who served as a judge or jury did so voluntarily and were not paid for their services. This loosely-based system of social control worked quite well for centuries, particularly in more rural and less populated regions. However, the late 1700's and early 1800's saw a population explosion in major cities in the United States and England. Riots and civil unrest was common, and it became increasingly clear that there was a need for a more permanent and professional form of law enforcement that would carry the official authority of the government. The most powerful statement for a professional...
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...They laid out the foundation for the democratic government. There was another Essay that he wrote that laid out the a lot of the of the ideas that the US still uses today. Such as the fact that all men were created equal. The written opinion was called An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. John Locke's ideas were put in the Constitution and motivated about a lot of the ideas. This Would be the idea that all men are created equal and the people should have a relationship with the government. These ideas were not seen in the rule by a king or queen and when John Locke wrote his ideas, they brought about the ideas of the new world order of America. Two Written works of Civil...
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...Amin Mudarres Slavery and freedom: The American paradox. 9/17/2015 From freedom of speech to bringing a concealed firearm into a church, Americans today are quick to reference their favorite colonial ancestors in defending the rights and freedoms our founding fathers fought for. But what is seldom referenced or quoted is how one fifth of the population at the time of the revolution enjoyed none of those rights. For Edmund Morgan, American slavery and American freedom go hand in hand. He points out how many historians have ignored writing about the early development of American independence simply to avoid the fact that it was almost entirely shaped by the rise of slavery. He challenges that notion and looks further in explaining how such...
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...Law Enforcement in New England 1600 – Present Day HIS 602 - History of New England – Spring 2013 – Manchester Law enforcement today is very different than what it was when the Puritan settlers first came here to New England. As like the name the name the settlers went with what they knew and followed in England’s footsteps when it came to law enforcement (Johnson 1981). Following in the English’s footsteps would be a president that is followed for centuries until the need for different style of policing becomes apparent due to differences in the countries culture in the 18th century. This is where we begin to see the split that we see to this day. In Saxon England prior to 1066, the absence of effective royal authority, such as a standing army it was up to local communities to keep the peace in regard of criminal behavior (Johnson 1981). In 1252 the title constable was coined, a constable was an officer of the royal court. In the next two centuries following the Norman Conquest constables morphed into elected officials of the manorial courts (Johnson 1981). In 1285 the Normans who invaded England codified The Statue of Winchester which remained in effect until 1829 when the Metropolitan Police Act was established. The Statue of Winchester reenacted “hue and cry” which called upon all residents to assist watchmen if they encountered resistance. The statue gave constables the authority to enroll male inhabitants as said watchmen (Johnson 1981). Basically the...
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...Running head: GEORGIA Georgia- The Peach state American Government December 7, 2011 The United States constitution is built upon the concept of federalism- the distribution of powers between a central authority and its constituent units. Georgia uses the federalist theory by distributing powers from its state government to the county government and from the county to the city government. Georgia is a historical state; being one of the original thirteen colonies founded in 1733. In 2010, Georgia was said to be the 9th largest state in the US with 9.69 million residents (Georgia USA, 2011, para. 1). Georgia like every other state is quite unique in its origin, development, and agriculture. The idea for creating a new colony was to serve as a military buffer between the British in South Carolina and the Spanish in Florida (Summers, 2011, para. 3). Prior to 1732 there were many attempts at settling on the land south of the Savannah River. Sir Robert Montgomery of Scotland-one of the many but not the first- “had secured from the Proprietors of Carolina a tract of land between the Savannah and Altamaha Rivers to which he gave the grandiloquent name, ‘Margravate of Azilia’ ” (Saye, 1948, p.3). Margravate an eastern European term meaning leader of lineage; Azilia is a Mesolithic European culture (“Margravate of Azilia”, 2011, para.4). (“Margravate of Azilia”, 2011, para. 9)Montgomery envisioned the colony inhabitants as those indentured from poorer English classes. Unfortunately...
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...affected the colonies in every way, including economically, socially, and politically. The Chesapeake and New England attracted different types of settlers and, by 1700, the populations differed enormously. Clearly the Chesapeake and the New England regions did differ in numerous ways. These differences included population, religion, and economy. But also the differences were on a wide-scale range involving almost every aspect of the society, they all sprouted from one initial difference between the two: the very reason the colonists came. Life in colonial America was difficult for all, but more so for some than others. While some colonists struggled to scrape by, some managed to live well and be happy. It is very apparent that health, family, and growth helped New England to be more prosperous and a more enjoyable place to live than in its southern neighbor, Chesapeake Bay. History has proven that these factors have a major effect on the quality of life for people, and this instance is no exception. New England New England was north of the Chesapeake, and included Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Haven. In Puritan New England, a patriarchal conception of family life began to break down as early as the 1670s, Few institutions competed with a father's authority. Despite laws requiring the establishment of schools, most children were educated informally, and while older children were temporarily put out as servants or apprentices between...
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...economic systems can be divided into both non-market and market forms.[13]Non-market socialism involves the substitution of factor markets and money with engineering and technical criteria based oncalculation performed in-kind, thereby producing an economic mechanism that functions according to different economic laws than those of capitalism. Non-market socialism aims to circumvent the inefficiencies and crises traditionally associated with capital accumulation and the profit system.[22] By contrast, market socialism retains the use of monetary prices, factor markets, and, in some cases, the profit motive with respect to the operation of socially-owned enterprises and the allocation of capital goods between them. Profits generated by these firms would be controlled directly by the workforce of each firm or accrue to society at large in the form of a social dividend.[23][24][25] The feasibility and exact methods of resource allocation and calculation for a socialist system are the subjects of the socialist calculation debate. The socialist political movement includes a diverse array of political philosophies that originated amid the revolutionary movements of the mid-to-late 1700s out of general concern for the social problems that were associated with capitalism.[10] In addition to the debate over markets...
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...A negotiable instrument is a document guaranteeing the payment of a specific amount of money, either on demand, or at a set time, with the payer named on the document. More specifically, it is a document contemplated by or consisting of a contract, which promises the payment of money without condition, which may be paid either on demand or at a future date. The term can have different meanings, depending on what law is being applied and what country it is used in and what context it is used in. Examples of negotiable instruments include promissory notes, bills of exchange, banknotes, and cheques. Because money is promised to be paid, the instrument itself can be used by the holder in due course as a store of value. The instrument may be transferred to a third party; it is the holder of the instrument who will ultimately get paid by the payer on the instrument. Transfers can happen at less than the face value of the instrument and this is known as discounting; this may happen for example if there is doubt about the payer's ability to pay. Common prototypes of bills of exchanges and promissory notes originated in China. There, in the 8th century during the reign of the Tang Dynasty they used special instruments called feitsyan for the safe transfer of money over long distances.[1] Later such document for money transfer used by Arab merchants, who had used the prototypes of bills of exchange – suftadja and hawala in 10–13th centuries, then such prototypes had been used by Italian...
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...The Joint Commission Noelle Cunningham HCS 430 April 15, 2013 Norman Greene The Joint Commission The Joint Commission continually seeks to improve health care for the public (The Joint Commission, 2013). The Joint Commission began in 1910 as an evaluation process called “the end result system of hospital standardization” to determine successful treatments of patients. Over the next 40 years, The Joint Commission evolved into a collaboration system. In 1951, several stakeholders, such as the ACP, the AMA, the AHA, and the CMA, join to create the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAH). This organization serves to provide voluntary accreditation for health care agencies. This accreditation system inspires health care organizations to “provide safe and effective health care of the highest quality and value” (The Joint Commission, 2013, para. 3). Therefore, by evaluation and accreditation of more than 20,000 health care organizations, JCAHO is the nation’s oldest and largest accrediting agency in health care. Thus, to earn and maintain JCAHO’s “Golden Seal” of approval, an organization must submit to an on-site survey every three years. Structure and Role The source of JCAHO’s authority comes from a government of 32 members on the Board of Commissioners. Among the members are administrators, physicians, nurses, quality experts, educators, and labor representatives. These members bring a diversity of experience in public policy, business, and health care...
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...NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY ODISHA YEAR:2014-15 LAW OF TORTS DEVELOPMENT OF LAW OF TORTS IN INDIA AND ENGLAND NAME : AMAN RAJ SINGH BA-LLB( Hons.) BATCH OF 2014-19 GUIDED BY: PROF. B.HYDERVALI Acknowledgement For this academic endeavour, which in its pursuit has been a very insightful and fruitful project, I have many to express my gratitude to. Primarily, I would like to thank my subject professor, Professor B.Hydervali, Law of Tort, for assigning me this paper to write. Had the opportunity not come across via him, I would not have delved into this ambit of Tort Law and gained further insight into the human condition. Further, I would like to thank Mr.Rajesh Kumar Singh, my father, mentor and continual, irreplaceable support system, for sustaining my spirits and my self esteem, throughout not only this project but also life in general. For if it weren’t for him, I would always been in vain fear of failure and giving up would have become an option. Lastly, I would like to thank my wide expanse of friends and peers, each a different colour and genre in personality and each...
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...changed greatly. Those changes that were affected by such social movements caused great opportunities and advancement for women and minorities in education, government, and the workplace. Social Movements From the beginning of this nation women did not have the same rights as men and were considered to be more of a second class citizen. In the early years of this nation, women along with minorities were considered the property of men. Women were not permitted to be educated in most cases, did not count as a citizen, could not vote, could not own anything, could not enter into contracts, obtain credit, work without her father or husband’s permission and could not even receive a paycheck in her own name. Social movements have made great impacts on gender roles in society throughout history. From social movements in the beginning of this nations’ history such as women and education from the late 1700’s to the early 1900’s where women were generally not permitted or very limited in attending schools and colleges to obtain higher levels of education; to more current and continuous movements such as equal rights movements. For example, 2001 was the first time women were permitted to pilot combat missions in the war on terrorism that has helped to shape...
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