...Abstract The atoms in a compound are held together by a chemical bond. There are two types of chemical bond: ionic and covalent bond. An ionic or electrovalent bond results from the electrostatic attraction between metal and non-metal atoms by the transfer of electrons. _____________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction The atoms in a compound are held together by a chemical bond. There are two types of chemical bond: ionic and covalent bond. An ionic or electrovalent bond results from the electrostatic attraction between metal and non-metal atoms by the transfer of electrons. One example is the formation of bond between a sodium metal atom and a chlorine non-metal atom [1]. In contrast, covalent bond involves the sharing of valence electrons between non-metal atoms. A covalent bond becomes polar when there is unequal sharing of bonding electrons. This happens when the elements involved in the bond has a significant difference in their electronegativity, such as in hydrochloric acid, HCl. Equal distribution of bonding electrons leads to the formation of a non-polar covalent bond. This happens when there is small or no difference in electronegativity between the atoms in a bond. Chlorine gas, Cl2, has a non-polar covalent bond. Electrical conductivity, the flow of electric current, can be used as a basis for determining the type of chemical bond present in a compound. An ionic compound, when dissolved in an aqueous solution...
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...Moulding a Student. Education, as the general view is that the activities relating to the creation and development of knowledge, skills, spiritual and corporeal man. In particular, education is defined as a school activity. This means that education is the activities of the objectives, plans and organization to educate students to become knowledgeable human, moral and master certain skills, able to adapt to the society in the future. Education involves an institution like a school as school is an important institution in shaping good character in students. The school which is not compatible with the needs of students can result in disciplinary problems. School is like a second home for students because the school is among the most often place they spend time. The words 'school' is often associated with education as school is a formal institution or organization that is not simply to disseminate knowledge, to sow and nurture the talent of national culture, but also to establish such a nation can and are willing to accept and deal with change and renewal. School is an important portion than in the community, especially today's modern society that has goal, members and certain rules in addition has an important responsibility in the wake of individuals and whole communities. Student achievement depends not only on school performance but also greatly influenced by the student's own way of life. Schools are responsible for providing the best education to the community. People...
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...Summary The current research looks into the level of misconceptions that are present in a population of university students. This level of misconception will be correlated with three predictor variables namely formal education, personal involvement and future prospects in the education sector. University students are chosen as the sample population because they will be the future stakeholders of our society. Their understanding of giftedness and gifted education would determine the fully actualization of gifted individuals. Gifted education: myths and misconception among Malaysian university students Introduction The current research was inspired by an article entitled 'Tracing the brain drain trend' (Fong, 2010) which stats that this phenomenon of brain drain is rapidly rising in the Malaysian context. It delivered an alarming message by depicting the 100-fold increase of Malaysian emigration rates compared to the worldwide 2.4% increase. This loss of talent had significantly impaired the country's growth in almost every sector including economics, education, and scientific advancement and etc. Malaysia's vision of becoming a developed country by 2020, proposed by former Prime Minister Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad would be in vain if this issue of talent retention and recruitment is not resolved. This is because a developing country like Malaysia would certainly need as many talented and gifted people as possible in order to achieve optimum development. The article...
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...Higher Education With Non-Traditional Students Raymond Barnes 4/24/13 INFT - 101 - D45 Module / Week 6 Summary Today as more and more adults are deciding to further their education the focus has turned to how they learn and why their returning to school in the classroom or online. With this in mind instructors today need to try to adapt to the non-traditional student, instead of the other way around. Helping instructors, theorists have been coming up with ways to measure and test how adult learns. There has been an increase of adults returning to college and universities due to the economic down turn. Adults bring with them an ingrained way of thinking. To help understand the way adults learn there are three theories: tacit, informal, and formal according to Schraw and Moshman (1995). The importance of using the adults’ life experience to increase the application of what’s taught is becoming more and more understood. Educators are learning that there are many ways to approach the non-traditional student. Adults take what they’re learning and try to reapply it to what they already know. This is called the cognitive process. (S.B. Merriam 2008) Taylor and Lamoreaux pointed out that learning is “tied to physical embodied experience.” Adults also have many worldviews and family values that can contribute to how they learn, which they may have a hard time letting go of. The use of “narrative learning as a way to theorize learning” (Clark and Rossiters), adults can use...
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...Growth of Comparative Education 1. The Geographical Factor: The geographical position has its inevitable impact on the culture, civilisation and education of a nation. The various countries of the world have different geographical positions. Therefore, their modes of living, civilization, culture, social institutions and educational systems are also different. The climate of a cold country is different from that of a tropical one. Therefore, ways of living and social organisation of the two types of countries are not the same. Serial systems influence the educational organisation. An agricultural country emphasises agricultural education in its educational system, and an industrial country pays special attention to technological and-industrial subjects in the organisation of its curriculum. In a cold country there is a long winter vacation and in a hot country a long summer vacation. Evidently, the educational structure of a country is conditioned by its geographical situation. Image Source : maestrobytumlare.com 2. The Economic Factor: The educational system of a country is closely related with its economic condition. The aims and curriculum of education are framed according to the economic condition of the land. The belief about the economic system as adhered to by a country is inculcated in the citizens. For example, under the socialistic economic system, the State is the owner of all property. Therefore at the very primary stage of education children are given the...
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...considers TCM an alternate medical system. Acu-Therapy is the most recognized of the TCM system. The system is based on acu points that may affect organ systems of the body. The benefits are of great reward, for pain and ill-health are treated using various treatments and procedures of Acu-Therapy. Acupuncture and Acupressure are the two major treatments of Acu-Therapy. Although the 2 therapies share the same benefits of TCM, they contrast in application, the advantages, and from whom the treatment is administered. Acupuncture employs the use of long thin needles that are inserted through the skin at specific acu-points. Acupressure is applied by the use of finger pressure. The skin is pressed at choreographed acu-points. Depending on treatment, Acupuncture needles may be inserted as superficial as the dermal layer of the skin or as deep as the muscle belly. Acupressure has a strict system of five grams of finger pressure. Acupuncture is an evasive treatment, leaving the patient’s skin exposed during treatment. Acupressure treatments are non evasive; clients may be fully clothed to receive treatment. Considering the application of Acupuncture and Acupressure, there are different advantages between the two modalities. Acupuncture provides immediate results in treatment. In most instances, one treatment session is required for measure results. Although Acupressure may not provide instant results, when combined with a complimentary bodywork modality, Acupressure provides...
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...become so popular within further education. Thirdly, to identify how to best implement mentoring and coaching schemes into further educational settings, and finally to develop criteria to critically analyse the mentoring policy and procedures of one further education college and my own practice. Definition. Establishing a clear definition of the term mentor and coach from the literature reviewed is not a simple task; opinions differ depending on the context in which mentoring takes place and the individual perceptions of those involved. Adding to this confusion is the way the literature often uses the terminology of mentoring and coaching interchangeable with little or no agreement on their meaning. (Brockbank and Mcgill, 2006 p8) This may explain why there are so many different approaches to mentoring practice and why the concept of mentoring has altered over time. (Woodd, 1997, p4) One way the literature attempts to distinguish between the terminology of mentoring and coaching is by placing mentoring and coaching at opposite ends of a person/task focused continuum. With coaching generally being perceived as short term, directive and task focused, while mentoring is perceived to be long term, non directive and person focused. (Wallace & Gravells, 2005, p10) This approach is reflected in the definitions provided by the National Framework for Mentoring and Coaching published in 2005 by the Centre for use of research and evidence in education. (www.curee/pacts.com)...
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...and perceptions about returning to school. There are four societal influences making nursing continuing education important: (1) Many nurses are still practicing with an Associate’s degree or diploma and few continue their formal education; (2) Recent studies have indicated that there are improved patient outcomes in hospitals which employ higher educated nurses; (3) A poor economy during a nursing shortage means high demand and less incentive for nurses to return to school for higher education; and (4) The worsening faculty shortage means an increased need for nurses to advance their education. Understanding nurses’ attitudes and perceptions may help identify gaps in our knowledge, determine ways to foster positive attitudes toward education learning among nurses, and allow us to entice nurses to return to school. It may also identify crucial steps to ensure the provision of quality healthcare. Keywords: nursing; attitudes; continuing education; RN-BSN; post-registration education; literature review THE PROBLEM H ealthcare is a fast paced, dynamic environment where providers of care should continually renew, update, and challenge their knowledge. ‘The complexity of medical and surgical interventions undertaken in hospitals requires an even bigger and more sophisticated clinical workforce’ (Aiken, Clarke, & Sloane, 2002, p. 187). The idea that basic nursing education will prepare a nurse for a lifetime of practice is no longer reasonable given rapid technological...
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...Construction skills development in the UK: transitioning between the formal and informal Paul W Chan Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK paul.chan@unn.ac.uk ROBERT C MOEHLER Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK robert.moehler@unn.ac.uk RESEARCH REPORTED HERE IS PART OF A WIDER STUDY THAT SEEKS TO EXAMINE THE PRACTICES INVOLVED IN ENCOURAGING AND ENABLING EMPLOYERS TO ENGAGE WITH THE SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AGENDA. A SERIES OF EXPLORATORY INTERVIEWS AND ETHNOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS REVEAL POTENTIAL DISCONNECTIONS BETWEEN SKILLS POLICIES AT THE GOVERNMENTAL LEVEL AND WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENS IN EMPLOYER PRACTICES REGARDING SKILLS DEVELOPMENT. ON THE ONE HAND, THE FORMAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING SYSTEM FOCUSES ON SUCH TARGETS AS THE ATTAINMENT OF NARROWLY-DEFINED OCCUPATIONAL STANDARDS, LEVELS OF COMPETENCE, AND QUANTITATIVE PERFORMANCE MEASURES LIKE COMPLETION RATES. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE SOCIALISED CONCEPT OF SKILLS DEVELOPMENT TAKES PLACE INFORMALLY AT THE WORKPLACE THROUGH ON-THE-JOB TRAINING AND MENTORING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SENIOR AND JUNIOR EMPLOYEES. BOTH THE FORMAL AND INFORMAL SYSTEMS APPEAR TO CO-EXIST ALONGSIDE EACH OTHER, ALTHOUGH TENSIONS ARE MOUNTING IN TERMS OF CONFIDENCE THAT EMPLOYERS AND THE WIDER INDUSTRY PLACE ON THE EFFICACY OF THE FORMAL SYSTEM. Keywords: informality, skills development practices, skills policy, training and education. INTRODUCTION The UK construction industry faces an enduring problem of skills shortages...
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...Introduction: In this report I will be explaining the graduates’ future in UK labour market and how to improve, as you can understand since there is an economic downturn, since employment opportunities have declined for most workers, especially in today labour market. Since graduates who have high degree qualification is far protected from downturn to those who are graduated recently. There is a quote by Sir Richard Branson, entrepreneur in 2012 who gave a word advice to graduates as they don’t lose hope and go forward when finding a dream job after finishing university, as there is nothing in life is easy, as they have to work for it. “No matter how great your qualifications are, if somebody else in your field graduates a year before you do, they will have a jump on you in the job market. So cast tradition aside – get ahead!” Sir Richard Branson, entrepreneur of Virgin (2012). As I read on I have found an interesting a book written by Gerbrand Tholen as he explains the nature of labour market among graduates and how does recession effect on them. In his book, as he explains further he said: “Despite the lack of jobs for new graduates since the start of the last recession, there is no shortage in advice for them on how to approach the labour market. Indeed, the graduate labour market and in particular the labour market for graduate entrants has been the focus of much attention in media, policy and academic circles.” Tholen, G. (2014). The...
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...THE THESIS PROPOSAL: DESIGNING CURRICULUM Objectives of these Guidelines: These guidelines will prepare the student to be able to: 1. List and describe the chapters and subsections of a thesis proposal and a research report and their proper order. 2. Describe the characteristics of an appropriate proposal title. 3. Compare and contrast the styles appropriate for (1) a dissertation or thesis, (2) a research proposal, (3) a research report, (4) a professional paper, and (5) a journal article. CURRICULUM PROPOSAL OUTLINE Cover Page Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Introduction (Need for the Study, Justification) Problem Statement Objectives Definitions of Terms Limitations of the Study Basic Assumptions Chapter 2 - Review of Literature (Can have sections deemed necessary) Chapter 3 - Procedures Curriculum Design Subject Selection Outcome Measures (of the project/thesis) Conditions of Presenting the Curriculum Treatments - What are the Unit(s)/Lessons? Evaluation (of the subjects after each lesson) *plus ** Chapter 4 presentation should follow the same sequence and topics as that presented in Chapter 3. ** Chapter 4 - Results (The actual unit(s) & lessons) Findings Relative to problem Field Test Results Summary of Data Chapter 5 - Discussion *Bibliography *Appendices ELEMENTS OF THE CURRICULUM PROPOSAL Cover Page Follow the style prescribed by the style manual suggested by the university...
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...THE THESIS PROPOSAL: DESIGNING CURRICULUM Objectives of these Guidelines: These guidelines will prepare the student to be able to: 1. List and describe the chapters and subsections of a thesis proposal and a research report and their proper order. 2. Describe the characteristics of an appropriate proposal title. 3. Compare and contrast the styles appropriate for (1) a dissertation or thesis, (2) a research proposal, (3) a research report, (4) a professional paper, and (5) a journal article. CURRICULUM PROPOSAL OUTLINE Cover Page Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Introduction (Need for the Study, Justification) Problem Statement Objectives Definitions of Terms Limitations of the Study Basic Assumptions Chapter 2 - Review of Literature (Can have sections deemed necessary) Chapter 3 - Procedures Curriculum Design Subject Selection Outcome Measures (of the project/thesis) Conditions of Presenting the Curriculum Treatments - What are the Unit(s)/Lessons? Evaluation (of the subjects after each lesson) *plus ** Chapter 4 presentation should follow the same sequence and topics as that presented in Chapter 3. ** Chapter 4 - Results (The actual unit(s) & lessons) Findings Relative to problem Field Test Results Summary of Data Chapter 5 - Discussion *Bibliography *Appendices ELEMENTS OF THE CURRICULUM PROPOSAL Cover Page Follow the style prescribed by the style manual suggested by the university...
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...elisabet.ferri@uab.cat Supervisor: David Urbano david.urbano@uab.cat September 2011 2 ABSTRACT Social entrepreneurship is a subject of growing interest for both academics and governments. However, from the quantitative approach, little is known about the environmental factors that affect this phenomenon. For this reason, the main purpose of the present study is to statistically explore the relationship between environmental factors and social entrepreneurship, as seen through a cross-country comparison and in the light of institutional economics as the conceptual framework. Linear regression analysis is used over a sample of 49 countries to study the impact of formal institutions (public spending, access to finance and governance effectiveness) and informal institutions (social needs, societal attitudes and education) on social entrepreneurial activity. The main findings suggest that, while societal attitudes increase the rates of social entrepreneurship, public spending has a negative relationship with this phenomenon. Contributions of the research are both conceptual, in terms of development in the field of social entrepreneurship from an institutional perspective, and practical, in terms of designing policies to promote social enterprise creation. Keywords: Social entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurial activity, environmental factors, institutions, institutional economics. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Conceptual framework 2.1 Social entrepreneurship: State of...
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...Vietnam: Preparing the workforce for a modern market economy ...................... 11 Skills and development in Vietnam ........................................................................................................ 11 Looking back: Vietnam’s shift away from agriculture and the role of education .............................. 11 Looking ahead: Modern jobs and changing skill needs ...................................................................... 13 What skills are in demand today (and will be in 2020)? ........................................................................ 15 Defining “skills”................................................................................................................................... 15 How are cognitive, behavioral and technical skills formed? .............................................................. 16 Preparing the workforce for a modern market economy .................................................................. 17 Step 1: Promoting school readiness through early childhood development ..................................... 18 Step 2: Building the cognitive and behavioral foundation in general education ............................... 20 Step 3: Building job-relevant technical skills through a more connected system.............................. 23...
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...Climate and Enterprise Performance in Rural Pakistan: Implications for Rural Non-farm Employment Generation and Poverty Reduction Mona Sur South Asia Agriculture and Rural Development Department World Bank msur@worldbank.org & Jian Zhang Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics University of California-Davis jian@primal.ucdavis.edu Selected Paper prepared for presentation at the American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Long Beach, California, July 23-26, 2006 Copyright 2006 by Mona Sur & Jian Zhang. All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. The views presented in this paper are those of the authors. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein do not reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The Investment Climate and Enterprise Performance in Rural Pakistan: Implications for Rural Non-farm Employment Generation and Poverty Reduction Agricultural growth remains an important pathway out of poverty in rural Pakistan, but given that 60 percent of the country’s rural poor are landless, and primarily reliant on non-agricultural activities as their main source of income and employment, it is increasingly recognized that a well developed and well-functioning rural non-farm sector is essential for generating employment, ensuring income diversification...
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