...American Cancer Society: Advocating for the Family Smoke Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (FSPTCA) 2009. Abstract On June 22, 2009, President Obama signed into law the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (FSPTCA). This Act gave the FDA authority to regulate the distribution, manufacture and sale of tobacco to the public in the United States. The American Cancer Society and many others believe that the enactment of an effective national tobacco control policy is a necessary first step in reducing youth and adult smoking, controlling the tobacco industry, and significantly reducing tobacco- related disease and death. Before this day tobacco products were unregulated by the federal government. This paper will discuss the Act and the ACS strong support of this Act, as well as some of its supporters and opposers. My interest group is the American Cancer Society. One of the organizations priority issues is to prevent cancer. They work with lawmakers to pass laws to defeat cancer and rally communities to join the fight. Many people think of cancer as a purely medical or scientific issue, but it is just as much a political issue. Every day in the news we hear of legislators introducing bills, passing laws and allocating funds that affect people with cancer and their families. Even clinical trials and health insurance all involve legislation. As a community-based organization the ACS unites millions of people...
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...Viewers do not simply witness these products of history, but engage in personal experiences and responses provoked by them. Thus, art has served as a powerful engine both reflecting and fueling political, social, and religious ideologies.[2] In particular, the subject of women has accumulated controversial discussion in the visual arts because of consistencies witnessed across all these constructs. In exploring female representations in art, feminist scholars have particularly noted the perpetual limitations set upon women not only as subjects but as spectators. While artistic movements progressed over the centuries, it appears the connotations of women have remained stagnant. Even in the early 20th century which saw a turn in traditional gender roles, painting continued to be dominated by the male experience demonstrated in the guises of the nude, despite aesthetic and conceptual differences. Such control gave women little privilege to explore their own experience, resulting in a struggle of identity. After the mid 19th century, paintings of the nude increasingly replaced men with female subjects, although women contented to be absent from major art academies. Unlike their respectable counterparts, images of women actually reinforced ideologies of the power relationship...
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... Chapter 8 Corpus Juris civilis- the “body of civil law,” it is composed of the code, the digest and the institutes. Dioceses- geographic administrative districts of the church, each under the authority of a bishop and centered around cathedral Arianism- a theological belief, originating with Arius, a priest from Alexandria that denied that Christ was co-eternal with god the father. Popes- heads of the Roman Catholic Church, who became political as well as religious authorities. The period of a pope’s term in office is called a “pontificate.” Orthodox church- another name for the eastern Christian church over which emperors continued to have power Iconoclastic controversy-the conflict over the veneration of religious images in the Byzantine Empire Sacraments- certain rituals of the church...
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...concept that began in early history and is still prevalent in some societies today. It is often seen as a destructive forceful tactic of separating individuals based on their racial background. However, many new immigrants voluntarily choose to live in a segregated society. Segregation can be easily seen in certain communities where there is a concentration containing a particular racial group. The area where one lives significantly influences their overall quality of life as well as their job, education opportunities, formation of social relationships and networks or access to a mortgage. These aspects have an impact on socio-economic status and the accumulation of assets, and this makes housing crucial for the integration of minorities into society. Neighbourhoods that have a higher poverty rate are not able to support as many retail establishments, leading to inadequate access to quality of goods and services. When the neighbourhoods are geographically isolated it “may limit access to employment or social contact with other urban residents” (Walks, 2010). Segregation is defined as the policy or practice of separating people based on their race, class, ethnic group, religion or gender, especially as a form of discrimination. Racial segregation is not an isolated phenomenon. There are examples of segregation that can be dated back through history, most notably the racial segregation of African Americans in the southern United States, and the apartheid policy that was...
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...Eating Disorders Many young men and women in the United States have a skewed perception of themselves. Some people take healthy approaches to achieve their health goals while others take a more unhealthy, and sometimes, dangerous path. Eating disorders have many health issues, along with noticeable symptoms, and proposed theories. There are a number of different forms of eating disorders. Anorexia Nervosa, commonly referred to as anorexia, is an eating disorder characterized by reduced appetite or total aversion of food. The first type of anorexia, called restricting type, is found in those who severely limit their caloric intake and exercise to excess to cause weight loss. The second type of the disorder is called binge eating and/or purging. These anorexics eat in binges and then purge the body of the ingested food either by self induced vomiting, the ingestion of large quantities of laxatives or the overuse of diuretics and enemas to rid the body of food. Bulimia nervosa is characterized by recurrent and frequent episodes of eating unusually large amounts of food (e.g., binge-eating), and feeling a lack of control over the eating. Binge Eating is characterized by insatiable cravings that can occur any time of the day or night, usually secretive, and filled with shame. There are also eating disorders not otherwise specified. It is the category for people who do not meet the strict criteria for either Anorexia or Bulimia Nervosa, but who have significant...
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...Kipling's realize how many British and Indian lives were lost as a result of imperialism (Kipling's, n.p.). By controlling and civilizing these countries would require power and would lead to deaths (Kipling's, n.p.).In the result of this, He believed that the British not only had the privilege to control India, but also had the obligation of civilizing the Indian people This story was reflected in Kipling's famous poem, “The...
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...caused great controversy with their princess’ such as race. Disney broke their european tradition by adding their first African American Princess to the line up. Princess Tiana of The Princess and the Frog in 2009 which still caused controversy. Another one of Disney’s biggest controversial topics was gender roles and how women and men are portrayed in these disney films. Gender roles are separate patterns of personality traits, mannerisms, interests, attitudes, and behaviors that are regarded as either "male" or "female" by one's culture. They are what is considered the “ Norm” for the male and female sex. There are stereotypical behaviors normally associated with either gender such as Women are suppose to be more passive aggressive, overly emotional, and illogical, just to name a few characteristics. While men tend to be more tough or in control, leaders, Not crying or wimpy and a womanizer As suggested in Kimmel’s “ Bros before Hos”: The Guy Code in Language Awareness (469). These same messages are often presented to children through the media they observe, such as stories, cartoons or in this case Disney movies and they pay attention to them and form their worldviews using these different form of media. Throughout the years Disney has given society and young women the wrong impression of female gender roles portrayed in it’s movies. In our society today, There’s so much pressure to conform to society’s idea of normality or beauty. We...
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...any of the spouses die. According to dictionary.com, “divorce is a judicial declaration dissolving a marriage in whole or in part, especially one that releases the husband and wife from all matrimonial obligations.” Some countries in which divorce has become commonplace are the United States and South Africa. Divorce is not considered as big a deal today as it has been in the past. There has been an increase in divorce. Some people believe that the age of a child is an important factor in determining the impact divorce may have on a child (Beekman, 1986). Some also believe that, gender has an impact on the reaction to divorce on both children and parents (Whitton, Rhoades, Stanley, & Markman, 2008). Others believe that the impact divorce may have on parents is when they have less personal relationship commitment to their own marriage and are less confident in their own ability to maintain a happy marriage (Whitton, Rhoades, Stanley, & Markman, 2008). People may also believe that the communities that surround the family unit may be the cause of divorce (Wolfinger, 2005). One of the positive reasons for divorce is that women are becoming dependent and working in many different workforces (Jennifer, 2010). The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of divorce. In order to do this, the paper is divided in two sections. The first section will examine the negative impacts divorce has on children, parents, and communities. The second section part of the paper...
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...Media Inequalities Abstract Today as in the past, mass media plays a very significant role in our lives. Individuals get information about people and places they have never actually met or seen. My research explains the media inequalities shared by minorities and media ownership. It also explains the influence a few companies have over the media industry and how minorities make little progress, whether in front of the camera or in influential positions behind it. In addition, much work has been done to bring forward this issue. With the help of special interest groups and other agencies there is a push to bringing diversity into the mainstream media business. Thesis Analysis of the mainstream media reflects inequalities for minorities and women. Of grave concern is the mass media’s negative approach to educating our society through what we perceive is open knowledge in the media, and poor media oversight. The media is undoubtedly important and there is extensive evidence that it both reflects and shapes society and individuals in both positive and negative ways. The issue of control and ownership of the media, and the extent to which this affects society, remain problematic and predominately white male media ownership. According to the article (Media Stereotyping, 2010) “media stereotypes are inevitable, especially in the advertising, entertainment and news industries, which need as wide an audience as possible to quickly understand information.” The passage...
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...Causes of Poverty Sociology/100 Carolyn Howard, Tayisha Green, Guy Scott March 14, 2013 Dr. Adrian Woods Causes of Poverty Poverty and hunger are the most serious problem in Africa. On TV, newspapers, journals, and radio, the world witnesses thousands of people in Africa starving. In the 80s the media brought the picture of hunger from Africa starving children’s, skin and bone with bloated bellies, too weak to even stand up. (Warnock p.1) whereas people living across the countries are enjoying different kinds of tasty meals and trashing the food they do not want or like. Africa is one of the poorest countries in the world. People are dying because of lack in basic human needs. The people in Africa cannot even afford the basic things as food and soap. The Gross Domestic Product projected in Africa is says to be less than two hundred dollars. Here 20 years later, the issue is still hunger in Africa and other undeveloped countries. According to Washington, March 16 (IPS) The world’s food security remains ‘vulnerable,” new data suggests with some 870 million people experiencing sustained hunger and two billion suffering from micronutrient deficiencies. The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) is unhappy with this figure, and warns that the program set-up to fix the problem is just a piecemeal solution. The IFPRI Global Food Policy Report for 2012 findings is disappointing. The report found that the proportion of people suffering from hunger...
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...Although the scope of inalienable human rights is not entirely agreed upon, the concept has restructured political landscapes and is one of the few commonly recognized moral visions throughout the globe. This widely accepted notion provides a useful framework to support transnational activism to challenge injustices encompassed in civil, political, economic, and social spheres that affect lives worldwide. Using this backdrop, the global movement for women rights strives to enhance the human rights discourse by redressing gender vulnerabilities. Even though there are still continuing political struggles in making central the concerns of gender abuse, it has achieved considerable rethinking of the human rights doctrine as formerly understood....
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...MODERN MANAGEMENT THEORIES AND PRACTICES By Dr. Yasin Olum Lecturer Department of Political Science and Public Administration Makerere University Contact Address: Makerere University Faculty of Social Sciences Department of Political Science and Public Administration P. O. Box 7062 KAMPALA-Uganda Tel.(Off.): 041-531499 Tel.(Mobile): 077454019 Fax: 041-534181 E-Mail: yolum@ss.mak.ac.ug Being a paper presented at the 15th East African Central Banking Course, held on 12th July 2004, at Kenya School of Monetary Studies. 0 MODERN MANAGEMENT THEORIES AND PRACTICES: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW Introduction Managing is one of the most important human activities. From the time human beings began forming social organizations to accomplish aims and objectives they could not accomplish as individuals, managing has been essential to ensure the coordination of individual efforts. As society continuously relied on group effort, and as many organized groups have become large, the task of managers has been increasing in importance and complexity. Henceforth, managerial theory has become crucial in the way managers manage complex organizations. The central thesis of this paper is that although some managers in different parts of the world could have achieved managerial success without having basic theoretical knowledge in management, it has to be unequivocally emphasized that those managers who have mixed management theory in their day-to-day practice...
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...ABSTRACT Shards of Memories, Fragments of Sorrows: Mothertongue Transforming Spaces Occupied by Women in South Africa through Theatre This paper sets out to explore how processes of theatre making employed by The Mothertongue project, provide spaces for women to remap their personal narratives. Mothertongue works from the premise that the development and subsequent performance of stories in theatrical processes affords women the opportunity to re-write and remap their personal narratives and in so doing insert their voices into the landscape of South African Theatre. In an attempt to redress the gender imbalances and androcentricism prevalent in post-apartheid theatre, this paper speaks to the relationship between theatre, liminality and communitas. I am interested in unpacking how collaborative processes of theatre-making provide spaces for women to remap their personal narratives. Remapping in this instance refers to processes of transforming lived experience through story. I address how, through engaging in ritual activities that are central to the stories performed, actors, audiences and the owners of the source stories are invited to physically participate in remapping and transforming lived experience. Linked to this is the choice of form(s) and how this affects or impacts on the performed stories as well as on the construction of performed rituals and ultimately on the processes of remapping personal narratives. I focus specifically on Mothertongue’s 2004...
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...Oprah and her Leadership Styles There are very few people on this planet that have the ability to be recognized solely by their first name and Oprah is one of them. She has been called “arguably the world’s most powerful woman” by CNN and Time.com. The American Spectator dubbed her “arguably the most influential woman in the world”. For many Oprah Winfrey is the embodiment of the American dream where the idea of economic opportunity and prosperity is attainable to anyone who would be willing to work hard and be a good citizen. Surely we have many things to learn from someone who has been able to come from a humble background to become one of the most influential women in the world. Oprah Gail Winfrey, who was actually named Orpah after a character in the bible, was born on January 29, 1954. Her family found it difficult to properly pronounce her name and would continually pronounce the “P” before the “R”. She was born into poverty in rural Kosciusko, Mississippi to a teenage single mother and experienced considerable hardship throughout her childhood. She was initially raised by a supportive grandmother, who taught her to read at the age of three, but at the very young age of six she was sent to live with her mother in an inner-city neighborhood in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. At the age of nine she found herself sexually molested by male relatives whom continued to do so until the age of fourteen where she became pregnant but lost her son in infancy. Oprah then moved in with...
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...Blackface Chic: High Fashion, Racechange and Cultural Tourism Race, Identity, and Public Culture Popular cultural representations, in particular those in the fashion industry, have recently reinvented a historically loaded image in their performances: blackface.1 In the past several years, blackface and other images of physical transformations of race have appeared in a number of high and popular fashion contexts including a “yellowface” fashion show in Shanghai sponsored by Karl Lagerfeld, supermodel Heidi Klum photographed wearing only chocolate syrup, an issue of French Vogue featuring a white model in black body paint and elaborate “African-inspired” costuming, a photograph in V Magazine of two models, one in blackface and one white, wrestling, two episodes of America’s Next Top Model involving racial and biracial transformation, and an editorial naming American Apparel and showing a woman in blackface. Blackface, though in a contemporary form more accurately described by the term “racechange,” or the performance of one race by another (Gubar 2000), far from being taboo have become an aesthetic in the fashion industry. Though popular magazines and newspapers such as Essence and a number of fashion blogs have responded to particular instances of racial transformation, there is relatively little scholarly work on the rise of racechange in contemporary fashion. This essay attempts to fill that gap in scholarship by examining racial transformation through...
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