...Inspired by the success of urban cooperative credit movement in Germany and Italy, the first mutual aid society 'ANYONYA SAHAKARI MANDALI' was organised in the then princely State of Baroda in 1889 under the guidance of Late Shri Vithal Laxman Kavthekar. The enactment of Cooperative Credit Societies Act, 1904, however, gave the real impetus to the movement as the first urban cooperative credit society was registered in Canjeevaram town in the then Madras province in October, 1904. Thereafter, few more societies were organised in Madras and Bombay provinces. In 1912, some major amendments were brought in the Act with a view to broad basing it to enable organisation of non-credit societies. The Maclagan Committee's recommendations, as mentioned...
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...Company Introduction Background of the Bank Passing of Indian co-operative Societies Act 1912 is an important land mark in the co-operative movement in the country. Because of this, a number of Co-operative Societies had been organized in the district by the people and question of financing them had to be tackled. As the result, Puttur Rural Credit Co-operative Society which was established in June 1912. But experience soon proved that its constitution and resources were inadequate for this task and the enthusiastic pioneers who were responsible for ushering it in to existence applied their minds to the formation of the district bank with the avowed purpose of financing Primary societies. For the purpose on 30th November 1913 the South Canara...
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...Marketing by the cooperative Zvi Galor www.coopgalor.com 1. Cooperative Marketing A marketing cooperative is set up in order to market and sell the surplus produce of its members, being such a surplus, as they cannot consume themselves. Marketing cooperatives generally sell agricultural produce, but there are also those, which sell fish produce or handicrafts. There are also other definitions of cooperative marketing. Margaret Digby defines a marketing cooperative as a system in which a group of farmers join together in order to carry out part or all of the processes involved in bringing the produce from the producer to the consumer. The Bank of India defines a marketing cooperative as a society of farmers, organized for the purpose of helping the members to market their produce, so as to obtain higher profits than is possible by way of private marketing [1]. The reasons for the establishment of such cooperatives are: When there is a surplus in production over the consumption. In order to save expenses for middlemen who benefit from the producer in various fields, such as: bad weight, very low prices and loans at high rates of interest. When the system in force is archaic, it does not meet the requirements at all, involves many middlemen or compensates very weakly for the producer's work. Thus, a marketing cooperative must offer its members a more efficient service than that in force, so that its members obtain a greater profit from their work. ...
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...BUSINESS and MANAGEMENT | | ASSIGNMENT FRONT SHEET Student Name: MOHAMED AHMED | Certification: I certify that the whole of this work is the result of my individual effort and that all quotations from books, periodicals etc. have been acknowledged. | Student Signature: MOHAMED AHMED | Date:18/02/2016 | Student Registration Number:S15000405 | Student email address :AHMED_06081981@OUTLOOK.COM | Programme : Business | Year/Level : 4 | Academic Year : 2015/2016 | Semester : 2 | Module title : Marketing Essentials | Assignment no. : 1 | Module code: BUS434 | | Percentage Weighting of this assignment for the module: 40% | Issue date : w/c 18/01/2015 | Return date : 21st March 2016 | Lecturer : Claire Blanchard Date of submission 29th February 2016 | Second marker : Tracy Powell | Notes for students : 1. Staple a hard copy of assignment in the top left corner and submit to the Undergraduate Office. 2. Electronic copy of assignment should be submitted through the Turnitin software. 3. 5% of marks are awarded for satisfactory use of language and/or good presentation. 4. 5% of marks are awarded for satisfactory referencing and/or presentation of a bibliography where either is required. Note that all referenced work should be obtained from credible sources using Harvard referencing 5. Students should ensure that they...
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...ABSTRACT Organizational Structure can improve the working condition of an organization and a poor structure can ruin all the possibilities of openness, dynamism and decision-making. Organizational effectiveness on the other hand, is the extent to which an organization, given certain resources and means, achieves its objectives without placing undue strain on its members. Another important role is played by the technology. More an organization is able to adapt itself to the changing technology the better will be its efficiencies. In the present research paper a relationship between the designs of an organization with its operational efficiency indicators has been examined in the context of Amul.. The factors were studied in context to a cooperative form of organization and while comparing with the corporate form, it was found that the design of the basic structure is somewhat different as it believes in the federal form of structure each unit is independent of each...
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...Calgary Funeral Services Cooperative Business Plan DRAFT AUGUST 8, 2011 Contents 1.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1 1.1 Executive Summary 1 1.2 Comparative Cooperative Model 2 1.3 Feasibility Study and Background Research 3 2.0 Business Description 5 2.1 Corporate Structure 5 2.2 Business Objectives 7 2.3 Market Assessment 7 2.4 Products & Services 8 2.5 Location 10 2.6 Human Resources 11 2.7 Regulatory Issues 12 3.0 MARKETING STRATEGY 13 3.1 Pricing Strategy 15 3.2 Customer Service 16 4.0 FINANCIAL PLAN 17 4.1 Capitalization Strategy 17 4.2 Sales & Income Projections 18 4.3 Critical Factors 19 1.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1.1 Executive Summary The Calgary Cooperative Funeral Service seeks to create a cooperative enterprise to provide funeral services that are modestly priced and environmentally friendly within the Calgary market. Based on an initial membership the founding organizations - cooperatives in Calgary, Calgary Legions, Churches and individual Calgarians, with a combined member share/loan offering and bank loan for a combined total of $525,000, this business plan calls for the enterprise to reach positive cash flow toward the end of the 3rd year of operation. The business model seeks to establish funeral/crematoria services which is centrally located and would service the members of the founding organizations as well as the funeral needs...
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...A business (also known as enterprise or firm) is an organization engaged in the trade of goods, services, or both to consumers.[1] Businesses are predominant in capitalist economies, where most of them are privately owned and administered to earn profit to increase the wealth of their owners. Businesses may also be not-for-profit or state-owned. A business owned by multiple individuals may be referred to as a company, although that term also has a more precise meaning. The etymology of "business" relates to the state of being busy either as an individual or society as a whole, doing commercially viable and profitable work. The term "business" has at least three usages, depending on the scope — the singular usage to mean a particular organization; the generalized usage to refer to a particular market sector, "the music business" and compound forms such as agribusiness; and the broadest meaning, which encompasses all activity by the community of suppliers of goods and services. However, the exact definition of business, like much else in the philosophy of business, is a matter of debate and complexity of meanings. Although forms of business ownership vary by jurisdiction, there are several common forms: Sole proprietorship: A sole proprietorship is a for-profit business owned by one person. The owner may operate on his or her own or may employ others. The owner of the business has unlimited liability for the debts incurred by the business. Partnership: A partnership...
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...MODULE - 1 Forms of Business Organisation Business Environment 3 Notes FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANISATION 3.0 INTRODUCTION After identifying the business in any field e.g., Insurance, it is necessary then to have a legal entity to be known in the society. The legal entity can be in any form of a business organization. The various forms of organization are as follows: 1) Sole proprietorship 2) Partnership 3) Co-operative Society 4) Joint stock company (Private and Public) These are explained in brief as follows:3.1 OBJECTIVES At the end of this lesson you will be able to know Various forms of organization Its formation & features Merits & Demerits 3.2 SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP 3.2.1 Meaning: The sole proprietorship is a form of business that is owned, managed and controlled by an individual. He has to arrange capital for the business and he alone is responsible for its management. He is therefore, entitled to the profits and has 24 DIPLOMA IN INSURANCE SERVICES Forms of Business Organisation MODULE - 1 Business Environment to bear the loss of business, however, he can take the help of his family members and also make use of the services of others such as a manager and other employees. This type of business organisation is also called single ownership or single proprietorship. If the business primarily consists of trade, the organization is a sole trading organization. Small factories and shops are often found to...
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...By Laws Unlike Articles of Incorporation, Bylaws do not need to filed with the state. However, Bylaws are an important document that lays out how the cooperative is to be governed. The governing body (whether it consists of an elected Board of Directors or all members of a collective[1]) must abide the Bylaws. Typically, a cooperative’s Bylaws can only be changed by a democratic vote (or in some cases, consensus [2]) of the membership. For this reason, cooperatives usually limit their Bylaws to fundamental governance-level issues. More specific operational procedures may be documented in policy manuals or handbooks, which can be changed as needed by Directors, (co-)managers, committee members, staff, or other bodies using approved decision-making processes. Bylaws are organized into sections, and most sections are broken up into subsections. In this document, only the lengthier sections are broken up into subsections for ease of reading. However, shorter sections can benefit from being broken down as well. Bylaws can be easily referenced when numbers or letters are assigned to sections and subsections. ------------------------------------------------- Cooperative Bylaws should include: I. Mission, purpose, and legal structure This section often includes the cooperative’s mission statement, vision statement, or stated purpose.[3] This is also a good place to restate the information outlined in the Articles of Incorporation. The Bylaws should agree...
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...| REGIONAL DISPARITY IN AGRICULTURAL CREDIT | | | Arvind Kumar Jha | PGDMA 1206 | | ABSTRACT The Eleventh Five year plan makes specific focus on the inclusive growth of the economy. It implies that the growth process that experienced over the years were not sufficiently inclusive of all. Although there had been substantial reduction of poverty over past few decades during the five year plans, the core content of the rural poverty remained intractable. In fact, upto Ten Five year plan envisaged balanced regional development and equality and employment. But the growth of population and urban biased industrial development have left out the backward section of population and the rural sector in general un-addressed. The agricultural credit policies and the economic reform in general aim to have positive influence on the total volume of institutional credit. However, the rural banking system in India made tremendous quantitative achievement by neglecting the qualitative aspects of the credit delivery system. The inequalities in the banking system across the regions and social classes persisted. Hence, it is mandatory to understand the regional disparity in the distribution of agricultural credit. In context to Agricultural credit, Southern Region (Rs.101659 crore) dominated the other region Northern Region (Rs.69630 crore), Central region (Rs.45988 crore) Western region (Rs.61613 crore), Eastern Region (Rs.26760 crore)and Northeastern region(Rs.2436...
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...generation of a financial return in exchange for work and acceptance of risk. Notable exceptions include cooperative enterprises and state-owned enterprises. Businesses can also be formed not-for-profit or be state-owned. Sole proprietorship: A sole proprietorship is a business owned by one person. The owner may operate on his or her own or may employ others. The owner of the business has personal liability of the debts incurred by the business. Partnership: A partnership is a form of business in which two or more people operate for the common goal which is often making profit. In most forms of partnerships, each partner has personal liability of the debts incurred by the business. There are three typical classifications of partnerships: general partnerships, limited partnerships, and limited liability partnerships. Corporation: A corporation is either a limited or unlimited liability entity that has a separate legal personality from its members. A corporation can be organized for-profit or not-for-profit. A corporation is owned by multiple shareholders and is overseen by a board of directors, which hires the business's managerial staff. In addition to privately-owned corporate models, there are state-owned corporate models. Cooperative: Often referred to as a "co-op", a cooperative is a limited liability entity that can organize for-profit or not-for-profit. A cooperative differs from a corporation in that it has members, as opposed to...
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... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 9) BIBLIGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 [pic] Introduction ➢ The Kaira District Co-operative Milk Producers Union Limited, popularly known as Amul Dairy is a US $ 500 million turnover institution. It is a institution built up with a network of over 10000 Village Co-operative Societies and 500,000 plus members. ➢ Formed in the year 1946 Amul is the leading food brand in India. ➢ Amul initiated the dairy co-operative movement in India and formed an apex co-operative organization called Gujarat co-operative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) and today 70,000 villages and 200 districts in India are part of it. ➢ GCMMF markets its products through 50 sales offices throughout India and distribution is done through a network of 4,000 stockiest who in turn supply 500,000 retail outlets. ➢ Managed by an apex cooperative organization, Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. (GCMMF), which today is jointly owned by some 2.41 million milk producers...
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...Transcript 1. Cooperative Identity, Values, Principles, Governance and Best Practices and Gentle Balanced Leadership By: Josefina B. Bitonio Supervising CDS A Lecture – Presentation for the 4th PamBuhay Parents Council Congress November 2, 2013 DMMMSU, Agoo, La Union 2. Cooperative Identity Groups of individual around the world and throughout time have worked together in the pursuit of human goals. Example of cooperation, collective action can be traced back to our prehistoric predecessors who recognized the advantages of hunting, gathering, and living in groups rather than on their own. 3. The earliest cooperative associations were created in Europe and North America during the 17th and 18th centuries. The pioneers of the Rochdale society in the 19th century England are celebrated for launching the modern cooperative movement. 4. The historical development of cooperative businesses can not be disconnected from the social and economic forces that shaped them. Cooperatives, then and now were created in times and places of economic stress and pressing social problems. 5. Due to their democratic organization and their economic orientation ‐ cooperatives contribute significantly to social integration, job creation and the reduction of poverty. Cooperatives are thus stabilizing regional economic cycles and can generate regional employment. The United Nations general assembly declared 2012 as the international year of cooperatives and thus acknowledges their...
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...INTRODUCTION Cooperative is an association of persons who have voluntarily joined together to achieve a common end through the formation of democratically controlled organization, making equitable contributions to the capital require and accepting a fair share of the risks and benefits of the undertaking in which the members actively participate. Cooperative enterprises have been known in the Philippines in the form of multi-purpose cooperative, insurance cooperative, loan cooperative, etc. As a part of the community these cooperative enterprises have social responsibility to the community they are in. These cooperative enterprises have different ways to ensure that their social responsibilities are delivered to the community. One of them is community outreach activities, in the forms of programs that could help the people inside the community. Community outreach activities are ways of improving the corporate social responsibility of a cooperative enterprise. 1 1 Corporate Social Responsibility is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. CSR policy functions as a self-regulatory mechanism whereby a business monitors and ensures its active compliance with the spirits of the law, ethical standards and national or international norms. Wikipedia. One of the well-known cooperative here in Taguig City is the Simbayanan Ni Maria Multi-Purpose Cooperative. It was...
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...Novaliches Development Cooperative (NOVADECI) in providing health care and medical services to its members. NOVADECI is a cooperative initiated by market vendors in 1976 in a bustling urban community. It started its operations in the town of Novaliches and has since then widened its scope of operation to include the areas of Caloocan and Quezon City, two highly urbanized and populous cities in the Philippines. Quezon City is home to many government and private offices, shopping malls and public markets, schools and universities and sprawling residential areas for both the rich and the poor. NOVADECI had a very rocky beginning, borne out of desperation and necessity for a small group of market vendors who were struggling to keep their businesses afloat in the face of changing market conditions, lack of support from or access to government and banking institutions and perennial dependence on usurious money lenders. Over the years they have realized that their margins-of-profit were being eaten away by the high interest rates they have to pay on loans. In 1976, a tipping point came when the slaughterhouse on which they were getting their meat supplies was ordered closed by the city government due to poor sanitation. A small group of 15 market vendors decided to close ranks and put their heads together. They poured out their collective grievances and brainstormed on alternative solutions. Through the assistance of leaders from a marketing cooperative, The National Market...
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