...by: Shoaib Saiful women now play as important a role as any man in the development of any nation,more so the Bengali nation. We should rephrase and ask for names of sectors where women have not contributed. Even then one may not be able to name one because these days women have made their presence felt in every field.And they are second to none.When a lady has captured the presidency of Bangladesh.Even a super power nation like USA is likely to have a woman president next.Never ever underestimate or question women power. Women play a very important role not only in running the household but also the nation. They provide the anchorage and support that working men seek for their success. They are not only good home-makers but also the caretakers of the culture and tradition. History has shown several brave women who have laid down their lives for the nation and have been freedom fighters. Today there is not a single field where women do not play a role. Due to natural reasons they bear and rear children which is very vital and time consuming. This puts them at a slight disadvantage when it comes to paving a career for themselves vis-a-vis men. It is upto the men to understand and respect the role of a women inspite of several adversity and reciprocate them with the support they need. Great men are actually created by women who teach them moral values including equality and respect for one and all. First of all women r mother. It is the teaching of mother which makes his child...
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...Women in development women now play as important a role as any man in the development of any nation,more so the Bengali nation. We should rephrase and ask for names of sectors where women have not contributed. Even then one may not be able to name one because these days women have made their presence felt in every field.And they are second to none.When a lady has captured the presidency of Bangladesh.Even a super power nation like USA is likely to have a woman president next.Never ever underestimate or question women power. Women play a very important role not only in running the household but also the nation. They provide the anchorage and support that working men seek for their success. They are not only good home-makers but also the caretakers of the culture and tradition. History has shown several brave women who have laid down their lives for the nation and have been freedom fighters. Today there is not a single field where women do not play a role. Due to natural reasons they bear and rear children which is very vital and time consuming. This puts them at a slight disadvantage when it comes to paving a career for themselves vis-a-vis men. It is upto the men to understand and respect the role of a women inspite of several adversity and reciprocate them with the support they need. Great men are actually created by women who teach them moral values including equality and respect for one and all. First of all women r mother. It is the teaching of mother which makes his...
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...by cn2collins · Bookmark the permalink. · Over the years development programs have been criticized for ignoring gender roles and the impact it has on women in the global south. However we see a shift to integrate women into development programs in hopes of eradicating poverty and low social economical status. The six main theoretical approaches are: “(1) the welfare approach; (2) women in development (WID); (3) women and development (WAD); (4) gender and development (GAD); (5) the effectiveness approach (EA); and (6) mainstream gender equality (MGE). Martinez tries to understand the various outcomes and effectiveness of all 6 development theories. Despite the effort to reinforce gender mainstreaming into society we still see a vast number of gender inequality especially in the developing world. Women make up the 70% of individuals living in poverty and in sub-Saharan Africa 57% of HIV infected individuals are women. This also includes the disproportionate ratio of women to men in the job market and at leadership position, low level of education among women, and low socio-economic status among women. The term “Women, Gender and Development” could be seen a discipline much like ever other area of knowledge. However, what sets it apart from various disciplines is that, its major contributors are individuals that raise issues and concerns, concerning women, gender and development. These are academics, feminist activists and development practitioner. In 1972 Ann Oakley, was...
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...This focus seems to have been driven primarily by the interests of industrialization to take out surpluses from the agriculture sector to strengthen industrialization. With the focus on increasing agricultural production, the main objective of most developing nations was just to promote smallholder agriculture. Over time, the smallholder agriculture-centric concept of rural development underwent significant changes. Rural development was no longer viewed from a narrow point of view as it was the case in previous decades. On the contrary, rural development later began to be perceived as a multidimensional and complex concept that should be viewed from several angles. As a result of its multidimensional nature, the concept of rural development later began to focuses not only on agriculture, but also encompasses the development of other allied activities such as village and small house industries, crafts work, socio-economic infrastructure, community services and facilities and, above all, human resources in rural areas. For this reason, this essay intends to discuss the meaning of rural development in developing nations with good illustrations. As a logical starting point, discussing the meaning of rural development in developing nations requires thorough definitions of key concepts which in this case are; ‘rural areas and development.’ Literally, rural development...
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...Globalization & Women Komal (4789) Ruchi (4875) Lavanya (4642) WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION? It is the process of creating languages, services, and products that apply not just to an individual neighbourhood or city or country, but to the whole world. While one interpretation of globalization has to do with equal exchange and sharing of goods and services between countries and cultures, the reality of a globalized world is much different. Globalization is a phenomenon that crosses and erases geographical and political borders and makes all countries start to look the same. As a result of globalization, local products, services, and cultures disappear into a global culture, a culture defined not by the global citizenry but rather the world's economic and political superpowers - mostly North America-owned corporations. How does economic globalization work? Economic globalization is fueled by international trade agreements signed between nations. The goal of these agreements is to get rid of barriers to trade by allowing companies to move their factories to countries with the lowest labour and environmental standards, countries where they can produce their products the cheapest...
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...Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [without reference to a Main Committee (A/55/L.2)] 55/2. United Nations Millennium Declaration The General Assembly Adopts the following Declaration: United Nations Millennium Declaration I. Values and principles 1. We, heads of State and Government, have gathered at United Nations Headquarters in New York from 6 to 8 September 2000, at the dawn of a new millennium, to reaffirm our faith in the Organization and its Charter as indispensable foundations of a more peaceful, prosperous and just world. 2. We recognize that, in addition to our separate responsibilities to our individual societies, we have a collective responsibility to uphold the principles of human dignity, equality and equity at the global level. As leaders we have a duty therefore to all the world’s people, especially the most vulnerable and, in particular, the children of the world, to whom the future belongs. 3. We reaffirm our commitment to the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, which have proved timeless and universal. Indeed, their relevance and capacity to inspire have increased, as nations and peoples have become increasingly interconnected and interdependent. 4. We are determined to establish a just and lasting peace all over the world in accordance with the purposes and principles of the Charter. We rededicate ourselves to support all efforts to uphold the sovereign equality of all States, respect for their territorial...
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...Gender roles in the 21st century Introduction Gender roles are a set of social and behavioral norms that are generally considered appropriate for men or women in a social or interpersonal relationship. We are not sure when this practice started but pink and blue begins this lifelong process in the 21st century (Lindsey, 2005). As my research evolves, I plan to examine gender roles in various aspects of 21st century life: workplace, relationships, parenting, voting, consumer behavior, etc. Since this is such a broad topic, my research will likely lead to a paper with a more narrow focus. For now, I've chosen references which are established articles on this broader topic. This research will likely become more focused as I develop the paper. Origin of Gender Roles The gender roles have evolved a great deal from the onset of the human civilization which started as hunter gathers. The males were primarily responsible to provide food, shelter and protection while the women looked after the offspring and took care of the tribe. The Functionalist perspective explains this fairly non-overlapping segregation of gender roles in the pre-industrial society. Evolution of Gender Roles For a considerable period of time there was little or no interaction between the different civilizations and therefore each society developed its own distinct culture and the socialization process. The local socio-economic factors, religious beliefs, legal and political factors had huge impact of the...
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...economic development, improves prospects for future generations and strengthens political and social systems. Though women now comprise more than 40 percent of the world’s labor force, they still lag behind men in terms of earnings and productivity. Women also face greater obstacles when it comes to participation in social and political institutions. Particularly in developing nations, the gender gap hinders economic and social development and destabilizes the political environment. In it’s 2012 World Development Report: Gender Equality and Development, the World Bank suggests four priority areas for improving gender equality. The first is reducing gender gaps in human capital, specifically female mortality and education. Second, improving female access to education and economic opportunities. Third, addressing women’s under-representation in communities and political systems. Finally, understanding how gender inequality applies across generations. These four priority areas help policymakers understand and address problems associated with the gender gap. Many factors are helping alleviate the gender gap and promote gender equality in developing nations. Globalization and increased access to information are providing women with stronger connections to markets and economic opportunities. These factors also contribute to increasing knowledge about women’s roles in other cultures throughout the world. Perhaps most importantly, there seems to be a broad understanding and growing...
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...significant challenge for many nations in the world, counting those in the Pacific. A critical aspect of gender inequality is the empowerment of women, with a focus on economic opportunities, decision making and women’s well- being. In many Pacific island countries, it has taken decades for the enduring view that a women’s place in society is at home in accordance with spiritual beliefs, custom, tradition, and norms. Empowering women represents a diverse range of concepts and may vary widely among individuals, cultures and countries. This essay will examine the benefits of empowering women at an individual level, benefits which can be summarized as economic, political and social. Firstly, economic empowerment is one of the most important driving forces behind economic growth and poverty reduction. Economic empowerment interprets women’s ability to act on their own and make decisions on matters that affect them. In order to increase economic advancement of women, there is an urgent need to formulate the right policies that can allow such an objective to grow unhindered by uncertainty and doubt. Education policies that encourage and offer training opportunities in developing women’s entrepreneurship opportunities and improving women’s access to finance is another major instrument in generating income, reducing poverty and improving the standards of health and so forth. Formal and non- formal education systems are the key foundations for more women participating in the economic arena...
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...World war one was a turning point in human history, especially in women’s role in society. While in other nations, the change was more obvious, in Australia a great shift in the responsibilities of women can be seen through their efforts to support the war. In war stricken countries, society had defined male service to the nation as combat. Most nations also called upon and celebrated women as mothers, the representative of family life and domesticity. However, by the end of the Great War, women had through their………. had disproved the typical stereotype and instead have become a symbol of earlier feminism. Overall The Great War brought about the most substantial change in women’s roles. For all of women’s extensive and varied war work, most public celebrations of their contributions underlined that such labor was part of ‘doing their bit for the duration’. Although it is not always realised, equality for women has come a long way in only a short period of time. At the time of World War I, Australia, New Zealand and a few other Scandinavian countries were the only nations who gave women the right to vote. Yet in Australia, women still received a wage 54 percent lower than that of their male counterparts. Their role was still seen to be in the home, performing domestic duties and raising the children. From the...
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...equality of opportunity of women and men is more likely to be achieved if both genders embrace the changes now occurring in communication and information use with similar vigour. This term paper seeks to highlight on the concept of gender discrimination, even as sundry instances of the persistent issue is well sustained. The argument proposed here provides an anecdotal rather than theoretical overview of the way in which the use of information technology has come to dominate modern decision making in a variety of contexts. The dimension of women disparity and the need to correct such inequality is elaborated. Finally, the areas of applications of information technology in curbing gender differences and the probable outcome of such applications is well addressed. INTRODUCTION Women are key to the development challenge. Throughout the developing world, women are at a disadvantage at the household, community, and societal levels. Within the household, women have less access to and control over resources and limited influence over household decisions. Beyond the household, women have limited access to communal resources, are under-represented in public decision-making bodies; have limited bargaining power in markets (such as the labour market), and often lack opportunities to improve their socioeconomic position. Therefore, efforts to reduce gender inequality are required on multiple fronts. However, the feminization of poverty is not so much about more women than men being poor, but...
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...GLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON INFORMAL SECTOR Submitted By: Ameen Gupta- 2009tt10774 Parvej- 2009tt10813 Siddarth Sachdeva- 2009ph10746 INTRODUCTION Globalization comes up with the process of more interconnection between various entities like nations, organizations, individuals, etc. This interaction creates the migration of human resources, technology transfer, capital flow, etc. Thereby, this process of globalization results in the increase in quality, quantity or production and thus makes various organizations profitable. In the race of survival, it enhances the competition level among various players in terms of their brand value set according to the needs of the people. This phenomenon of competition plays a crucial role for these existing service providing players as well as for the end consumer or public at large. For service providing players, it decides the cost benefit analysis and makes it less generally due to the presence of various other players simultaneously. For public, it makes things easily available and at comparatively low prices of varied varieties. The phenomenon of globalization also generates employment. These jobs are largely created in formal sectors. It also results in employment increase in the informal sector. The formal sector is directly visible in a country and is under scrutiny and supervision of the government through various trade and tax laws. This sector provides people the job security, standard working conditions and wage...
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...(gross domestic product) a good indicator of economic development? Explain your answer. GDP per capita is often a very lacking indicator of economic development. There are many other factors that affect economic development. The three core values of development are: sustenance, self-esteem, and freedom. While growing GDP and GNI can help attain these, particularly sustenance, it is not enough. Often incomes are not distributed evenly, in both developing and developed nations. Sustenance is basic goods and services, including food, shelter, clothing; the basic needs for survival. GDP can help achieve this but it has less effect on the other two core values. Self-esteem can be described as a feeling of worthiness that a society enjoys when it’s social, political, and economic system and institutions promote human values including respect, dignity, integrity, and self-determination. A large GDP/capita increase was seen in many Middle Eastern countries, yet most of the population was left out of the growth, women are treated as second citizens, and poverty is still wide spread. Freedom is a situation in which a society has a variety of alternatives which to satisfy its wants and individuals enjoy choices according to their preferences. A growing GDP will not bring Freedom in all cases. Many times money goes to only a small subset of the population, who still might not enjoy as much freedom as feasible because there is a lack of choices to spend their incomes...
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...limited in the political arena, economy, employment and policy positions due to low level of education. This situation calls for higher education for females due to possible direct relationship between female youth’s educational levels and their participation in the labour force. The Nigerian society cannot afford not to have females in leadership positions. The activities of females in management positions in the country presently has convinced all that if more Nigerian female youths are given the right type of education, greater participation among females will emerge in the future. It is in this context that this paper discussed how higher education can empower female youth for future leadership in the nation. The paper highlighted the status of female education in Nigeria, the role of higher education in leadership development as well as the strategies that could be employed to empower female youths for future leadership. Some of these strategies include exposing female youth to leadership initiatives, career concepts...
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... Intersectionality of Gender Inequality For many decades, women have experienced all forms of oppression and constant violence that threatened their existence in the male-dominated society. Various forms of discrimination and oppression have been directed to women for decades. Violence directed at women such as rape and battery were seen and treated as isolated scenarios. However, as the need to foster gender equality took pace, such oppressive actions are now perceived as elements of a wider system of dominance in the society that that needs to be addressed as a whole rather than in singularity (Crenshaw et al., 2013). Intersectionality is a concept that was developed by Kimberlé Crenshaw to describe the interconnections between oppressive institutions such as sexism and racism and their interaction in propagating discrimination and oppression in the society (Crenshaw et al., 2013). The concept of Intersectionality therefore, argues that, the oppressive institutions in the society cannot be handled separate from each other but rather should be addressed as a system that collectively form a system of oppression in the society. Gender inequality entails unequal treatment of individuals on the basis of their gender (Crenshaw et al., 2013). This form of discrimination has roots in social constructions and cultural norms and values which dictate gender roles. Gender discrimination is experienced in all facets of life, and the degree of such discrimination...
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