...THEORY OF GOAL ATTAINMENT EXEMPLIFIED FROM THE INTRAPARTUM NURSE’S PERSPECTIVE By Jacqueline L. Karlin The model of nurse-patient transaction from King’s Theory of Goal Attainment was employed to explore the impact of the nurse-patient transaction as it relates to primiparous patient satisfaction with the childbirth process. In this descriptive study, intrapartum nurses were interviewed regarding their perception of primiparous patient’s childbirth experience. The interviews were reflected upon to develop a better understanding of the impact of the nurse-patient transaction on achieving patient satisfaction with coping strategies. The findings revealed that although only one-half of the patients had participated in formal childbirth classes, effective nurse-patient transactions were successful in goal attainment of satisfaction with coping strategies in labor and delivery. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... iii CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................1 CHAPTER 2 – THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND LITERATURE REVIEW ..........3 Personal System ..............................................................................................................3 Interpersonal System .......................................................................................................5 Social System .....
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...The women in the Middle Eastern group scored higher than the women in the Western group. The lower education and the higher education women in the western group didn’t have much difference as to where they scored but the lower education women in the Middle Eastern group scored much higher than those with a higher education level in the same group. For the extroversion scale and coping style there were no significant differences between the two groups for either pain behavior or pain...
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...University of Phoenix Material Literature Search Worksheet Select a literature search topic relevant to your practice. The topic must be sufficiently delineated in scope without being trivial. You will revisit this article in the Week Five presentation. Possible topics include but are not limited to: o Non-pharmacological pain relief with childbirth o Effects of shift work and fatigue on medication errors o Best practices for pin site care o Nurse satisfaction in magnet hospitals o Accurate temperature assessment methods in neonates o Pain assessment in the cognitively impaired o Childhood type II diabetes and obesity o Complementary and alternative therapies for control of menopausal symptoms o Best practices in nurse-led smoking cessation classes o Thermoregulation in the operating room o Best practices for pain assessment and management in specified area of practice Complete the table below: |Which topic did you choose? | |I chose Non-pharmacological pain relief with childbirth. | |Which three databases will you use? | |1. EBSCOhost | |2. ProQuest...
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...and attitudes. It also predicts human reactions to other people , problems , and stress. There is still no universal consensus on the definition of '' personality'' in C. Gordon Allport ( 1937) described to major ways to study personality the nomothetic and the Idiographic. Nomothetic psychology seeks general loss that can be applied to many different peoples such as the principle of self actualization or the trait of extraversion. Idiographic psychology is an attempt to understand the unique aspects of particular individual. Any characteristic or behavioural pattern that enhances a person's adaptation. Coping skills include a...
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...after delivery are more likely to occur than usual. High-risk pregnancies must be closely monitored. Some risk factors are present before women become pregnant. These risk factors include certain physical and social characteristics of women, problems that have occurred in previous pregnancies, and certain disorders women already have. In J.B.’s case she had a high-risk pregnancy due to several reasons, she has advanced maternal age > 35, prior miscarriages, obesity, and prior C-section. Advanced maternal age, which is described as age 35 or more for the mother at the time of delivery of her baby. Pathophysiology of a high-risk pregnancy can include; placental abruption, dysfunctional labor, congenital anomalies, fetal malpresentation, hypertension, preeclampsia, diabetes, preterm labor, cesarean delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, and...
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...It has often been said that men have a higher tolerance for pain than women. I myself have always disagreed with this stereotypical assumption. I have always considered myself a tolerant woman because I have experienced the agonizing pain of childbirth not once, but twice for a total of 81 hours without shedding a single tear. I have seen many other women do these 4, 7, and even 9 times and made it through with a smile. Most women most likely have imagined what it would be like if the husbands had to labor through child birth. I have read quite a few articles online about research studies that have been completed in attempt to gain a better knowledge into this controversial subject. According to research, women experience pain for longer durations compared to men. Women focus on the emotional aspects of pain, whereas men tend to focus more on the sensory aspect. Coping mechanisms used to deal with pain differ between the genders creating the ability for men to have an increases pain threshold. Men are stereotyped as masculine and tough, this has been thought to be one of the reasons men have a higher tolerance to pain. Some researchers have said to believe that men are trying to uphold to that stereotype, which may be why the outcome of a majority of studies favor on the side of men. In a study done by Roger B. Fillingim, Ph.D., of the Department of Operative Dentistry at the University of Florida, participants of a cold pressor test were broken into two groups: a low-incentive...
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...words)Patient stated “My water broke and I began having contractions”. She also felt as if her blood pressure was “high”. ADMISSION VE: / / | HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:(significant events/complications in labor/hospital stay):Client’s blood pressure was 140/90 upon admission. | PRENATAL CARE: * Maternal and fetal vitals (includes FHR). * Fetal baseline: 130s * Variability (marked) * Fetal movement * BPP score of 8 * Prenatal labs * DTR’s ( 2+) | YEAR | TYPE of DEL | GEST AGE | F/M | BIRTH COMPLICATIONS | NB STATUS | 1.2004 | NSVD | 40 w | F | None | Living | 2.2008 | NSVD | 38 w | M | None | Living | 3.2013 | NSVD | 39 w | F | None | Living | 4. | | | | | | 5. | | | | | | OB/GYN/MEDICAL/SURGICAL/SOCIAL HISTORY: * Former smoker (Cigarettes) * Gravida 3 Para 3 * Post-partum depression (No meds during pregnancy) * Fibroid x 2 * PIH | MATERNAL LABS | Blood Type/Rh: O - | HgB/HCT:10.0 / 31.6 | WBC/Platelets:8.4 / 286 | GCT: 100 | GBS: Neg | HIV: Neg | Hep B: Neg | Rubella: Need vaccine | RPR/STS: Neg | Gonorrhea: Neg | Chlamydia: Neg | Other: | SUMMARY OF LABOR AND BIRTH | Labor OnsetDate: 3/25/13Time: 5: 30 amFull DilationDate: 3/25/13Time: 9:50 | Spontaneous Labor Labor InductionStim/AugmentationIndication: Cervidil PitocinCytotec | MembranesSROM AROMPROM PPROMDate: 3/25/13Time: 4:15 amAmount: ModerateColor: ClearOdor: odorless | MonitoringExternal TocoExt. Fetal...
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...Introduction A refugee, according to the United Nation’s definition (as cited in matthewhouse.ca, 2012), is “a person outside his or her country of origin who has a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion.” The current number of refugees around the world is 43.7 million, as estimated by the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR). Being a refugee is not a choice – they are forced to leave their country of origin to avoid conflicts that could potentially be disastrous, traumatic, or even lead to their death. They begin a long journey of danger and uncertainty on the refugee highway, seeking safety and security (matthewhouse.ca, 2012). Also, as stated in matthewhouse.ca (2012), refugees come to Canada in three different ways. About 7,000 refugees per year are sponsored by the government. Another 3,000 per year are sponsored by private groups, such as churches. Historically, the largest group, which up until recently, numbered more than 20,000 per year, come to Canada with no sponsors and ask for asylum upon arrival. There is no system in place to welcome or assist refugee claimants. They are simply numbered among the homeless, often without resources. Many are forced to look for help in inappropriate city shelters not equipped to meet their needs. Government policies are becoming harsher and there is no structure in place to directly look after their well-being...
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...These health psychologists are involved in relaxation therapy and stress relief, with the overall goal of improving coping mechanisms and an increase in social support (American Psychological Association Division 38, n.d.). Professionals within this career complete both clinical and research activity while specializing in illness development and prevention, pain reduction and management, and recovery factors. Healthy people are taught preventative and healthy behaviors. While medical doctors are the health professionals involved in the treatment process of maladies, health psychologists are more interested in the person suffering from the disease than the actual illness. Problems someone in this field may address revolve around the emotional and mental well-being of a patient. Health psychologists may try to understand the affects an illness has on a person, why that person chooses to seek medical care, and the way the person interacts with medical doctors (Baskin...
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...options of delivery: Cesarean section and NSVD or normal spontaneous vaginal delivery. A cesarean section is a surgical incision through the mother’s abdomen and uterus to deliver one or more fetuses. NSVD or normal spontaneous vaginal delivery is the delivery of the baby through vaginal route. It can also be called NSD or normal spontaneous delivery, or SVD or spontaneous vaginal delivery, where the mother delivers the baby with effort and force exertion. Normal labor is defined as the gradual subjugation and dilatation of the uterine cervix as a result of rhythmic uterine contractions leading to the expulsion of the products of conception: the delivery of the fetus, membranes, umbilical cord, and placenta. Laboring cannot that be easy; thereby implicating that there are processes and stages to be undertaken to achieve spontaneous delivery. Through which, Obstetrics have divided labor into four (4) stages thereby explaining this continuous process. STAGE 1: It is usually the longest part of labor. It begins with regular uterine contractions and ends with complete cervical dilatation at 10 centimeters. This stage is broken down into three (3) phases: the Early phase, where the contractions are usually very light and maybe approximately...
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...Strike as a social problem can first be traced to the disfunctioning of the society when looking at it from the functionalist perspective. Functionalism which is one of the perspectives of studying the society was developed in the 19th century, it’s a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. This approach looks at society through a macro-level orientation, which is a broad focus on the social structures that shape society as a whole, and believes that society has evolved like organisms. This approach looks at both social structure and social functions. Functionalism addresses society as a whole in terms of the function of its constituent elements; namely norms, custom, tradition and institution. A common analogy, popularized by Herbert Spencer presents these parts of society as "organs" that work toward the proper functioning of the "body" as a whole. In the most basic terms, it simply emphasizes "the effort to impute, as rigorously as possible, to each feature, custom, or practice, its effect on the functioning of a supposedly stable, cohesive system". For Talcott Parson "structural-functionalism" came to describe a particular stage in the methodological development of Social Science, rather than a specific school of thought. The structural functionalism approach is a macro sociological analysis, with a broad focus on social structures that shape society as a whole. In summary Functionalism...
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...Physical Therapists The U.S. Department of Labor defines, “Physical therapists as health care specialists who restore mobility, alleviate pain and suffering, and work to prevent permanent disabilities for their patients” (Us Department of Labor). This interactive career is one of the fastest growing jobs at this time. A physical therapist has the opportunity to work in a hospital, private office, or clinic. Their patients could range from aging woman, an athlete, an unfortunate accident victim, or someone with lower back pain. Saul Wischnitzer projects his research by explaining that it's a physical therapists job to first test then measure the patients’, muscle strength, coordination, motor function, and a range of motion. After a certain number of sessions, the physical therapist must determine a process for the treatment so the patient can regain mobility. They specialized process should help relieve the pain and assure the patient everything will be okay. Working as a physical therapist gives a person the satisfaction of helping people achieve a goal with gradual progress and seeing them once or twice a week. The experience a physical therapist takes away from going to work every day includes meeting new people and having conversation with new individuals. Also knowing that physical therapists earn a good amount of money attracts some people to this occupation. Physical therapy is a modern career that is exciting, challenging, and allows a person to be social. A job...
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...themselves, when that may not necessarily be the case.” Diabetes can be genetically given to you, or an expecting mother can develop gestational diabetes during labor and be more likely to develop type 2 Diabetes later on in her life. There is even discrimination among others who are diabetic. For instance, a Type 1 diabetic might assume that a Type 2 diabetic, who is overweight and at a fast food restaurant, brought their condition upon themselves. While others look at Type 1 Diabetes as a ‘real’ condition, meaning that they did not bring it upon themselves by their actions. The patients expressed their feelings about Type 2 Diabetes as being saddened, hurt or even worthless. “When I was first diagnosed, I was so worried that something would happen to me and I wouldn’t be able to take care of my children due to getting my legs cut off and them looking down upon me as their mother.” These are the words of a patient and I would assume that her feelings aren’t far off from anyone else experiencing the same thing. A few posts written by people described feeling like this was the end of their life and that there was “no hope in sight” for them. I believe that some of the feelings these people are gong through or have already been through will be there for the rest of the course of their disease. I assume that it is just a matter of coping with this change and creating a different lifestyle in which you can be a better you with diabetes instead of letting diabetes be you. It has also been...
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...particapte in society; living in proverty can also cause stress and anixtey which can damage people’s health. (Raphael, 2002). • Low income can limits people’s choice to be healthy physicallly and mentally. The effect of poverty on health have been known since 19th.C and that poverty and income inequality has been define not in terms of having enough material resource to merely survive, but rather than having enough resource to particapte in society in a meainigful way (Raphael, 2002). Employment and Education inequality: • Employment provides income, experiences and new and help to structure a day-to-day life. But unemployment frequently leads to material and social deprivation, psychological stress, and the adapting of health- threatening coping behaviors (Mikkonen & Raphael, 2010). The lack of employment can lead to physical and mental health problems that include anxiety, depression and even...
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...management. The Role of Leadership In an organization where there is faith in the abilities of formal leaders, employees will look towards the leaders for a number of things. During drastic change times, employees will expect effective and sensible planning, confident and effective decision-making, and regular, complete communication that are timely. Also during these times of change, employees will perceive leadership as supportive, concerned and committed to their welfare, while at the same time recognizing that tough decisions need to be made. The best way to summarize is that there is a climate of trust between leader and the rest of the team. The existence of this trust brings hope for better times in the future, and that makes coping with drastic change much easier. In organizations characterized by poor leadership, employees expect nothing positive. In a climate of distrust, employees learn that leaders will act in indecipherable ways and in ways that do not seem to be in anyone's best interests. Poor leadership means an absence of hope, which, if allowed to go on for too long, results in an organization becoming completely nonfunctioning. The organization must deal with the practical impact of unpleasant change, but more...
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