...Helping Prevent Global Warming Planet earth is warming faster than at any time in the past one thousand years and there is little doubt that human activity is to blame. There are many things we could do to stop the effects of global warming. One is to start recycling this would help clean up the earth. And people could stop smoking and they could not use their cars as much. Instead of fuel we could use solar power or any renewable source. There is increasing interest from governments in renewable energy supplies as a means of reducing greenhouse gases and global warming. The oceans are widely recognized as having the potential to provide a significant percentage of our energy requirements, and ongoing research is mapping this resource in detail. Current designs require extraction devices to be comparable in size to the length of a "typical wave". There is evidence to suggest that much smaller point absorbers could extract energy more efficiently than current designs. There are also opportunities for both natural and man-made concentration of waves in gullies and inlets. Governments are increasingly looking towards wind power and other renewable energy sources to combat increasing greenhouse gases and global warming. During its operating life, a typical wind turbine can produce 80 times the energy used to build, operate, and dismantle it. Public opinion is broadly in favour of wind power, but the environmental impact of wind...
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...INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL Of ACADEMIC RESEARCH LCC: T10.5-11.9 Vol. 2. No. 1. January 2010 E-CYLING E-WASTE: THE WAY FORWARD FOR NIGERIA IT AND ELECTRO-MECHANICAL INDUSTRY Prof. Dr. Oliver E. Osuagwu *, Charles Ikerionwu a a b b Coordinator of PG Programs, IP Vice-President, CPN Department of Information Management Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri (NIGERIA) * E-mail: drosuagwu@yahoo.com ABSTRACT An average of 500,000 tons of obsolete Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipments (WEEE) are dumped into Nigeria monthly with its associated health and environmental hazards. E-waste includes computers, entertainment electronics, mobile phones and other items that have been discarded by their original users. While there is no generally accepted definition of e-waste, in most cases e-waste consists of expensive and more or less durable products used for data processing, telecommunications or entertainment in private households and businesses. Dumping of e-waste in Nigeria has negative health consequences such as leaching toxins into the soil, air and groundwater which later enter into crops, animals and human body systems causing contamination and pollution. Medical experts have warned that exposure to these substances can cause damage to blood and nervous systems, DNA, immune systems, kidneys and can lead o respiratory and skin disorders and lung cancer and can interfere with regulatory hormones and brain development. This is bad news for Nigeria and Africa...
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...to developing countries. Organizations such as European Union have recognized the scope of the e-waste problem and have instituted a system of extended producer responsibility (EPR) to address it. One method developed at Carnegie Mellon University by Matthews et al. is based on sales data, which were used to estimate the current and future quantity of computers that will be reused, recycled, stored, and land filled in the United States. While in the Philippines Republic Act No. 9003, with the short title Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, was signed into law in January 2001. RA 9003 sets guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance and volume reduction through source reduction and waste minimization measures, including recycling, reuse, and recovery before collection, treatment, and disposal at appropriate and environmentally sound solid waste management facilities. Discussion and Analysis What is e-waste? E-waste is a term used to represent almost all type of electrical or electronic equipment that has entered or could enter the waste stream, nearly any household or business tool that contains electrical circuitry...
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...shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSE), the Montreal Exchange and from April 30, 1996 the New York Stock Exchange. In 1997 the company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) a registration statement and a prospectus to sell 20 million common shares. The company is engaged in the business of providing metal recovery and processing services including environmental waste management services throughout the U.S. and Canada. Philip’s business was organized into two divisions – the Metals Group and the Industrial Services Group. The Metals Group accounted for more than 60% of the company’s revenue (US$ 1.1 billion out of US$ 1.75 billion) and was in turn comprised of three divisions – copper, ferrous and aluminum processing, and recycling. The company’s primary base of operations is in the U.S. with approximately 70% of its revenue generated in the U.S. as at September 30, 1997 and over 60% of its common stock held by U.S. investors. The company is subject to a number of US shareholder class action suits and is subject to disciplinary proceedings by the Ontario Securities Commission (OSC). The class action period runs from May 21, 1997 (the date the 1996 annual report was filed with the SEC) through January 26, 1998 (the date the company announced that it would be...
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...common shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSE), the Montreal Exchange and from April 30, 1996 the New York Stock Exchange. In 1997 the company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) a registration statement and a prospectus to sell 20 million common shares. The company is engaged in the business of providing metal recovery and processing services including environmental waste management services throughout the U.S. and Canada. Philip’s business was organized into two divisions – the Metals Group and the Industrial Services Group. The Metals Group accounted for more than 60% of the company’s revenue (US$ 1.1 billion out of US$ 1.75 billion) and was in turn comprised of three divisions – copper, ferrous and aluminum processing, and recycling. The company’s primary base of operations is in the U.S. with approximately 70% of its revenue generated in the U.S. as at September 30, 1997 and over 60% of its common stock held by U.S. investors. The company is subject to a number of US shareholder class action suits and is subject to disciplinary proceedings by the Ontario Securities Commission (OSC). The class action period runs from May 21, 1997 (the date the 1996 annual report was filed with the SEC) through January 26, 1998 (the date the company announced that it would be recording two charges to income totaling between $US250 to $US275 million; $60-80 million relating to inventory and the balance relating to the company’s restructuring and acquisition program...
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...member Andrew, Johnson and Alex who have assisted me to do the experiment and offer me some techniques for operating the experimental equipment. A special thanks to my family. Words cannot express how grateful I am. Thanks to you, I have this chance to study in this first class university and finally graduate. I would also like to express my gratitude to lab manager George Yang’s and Rahmat Kartono’s helps and trainings on my experiments. Thanks for all the supports from the the School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Australia. ABSTRACT Recycling aluminium now is fairly popular in the world since more than 15% of the aluminium would be machined down to have the final product. However, melting these Al rubbish to make the ingots is energy consuming and not environmentally friendly. Therefore, the way of using powder metallurgy to make use of these scraps could be an economic way of recycling since it doesn't need to be fully melted. The objective of the project is to use Al6063 scraps to produce porous...
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...applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. Lundgren, Karin The global impact of e-waste: addressing the challenge / Karin Lundgren; International Labour Office, Programme on Safety and Health at Work and the Environment (SafeWork), Sectoral Activities Department (SECTOR). – Geneva: ILO, 2012 ISBN 978-92-2-126897-0 (print) ISBN 978-92-2-126898-7 (web pdf) International Labour Office; Programme on Safety and Health at Work and the Environment; International Labour Office; Sectoral Activities Dept electrical appliance / waste recycling / occupational health / occupational safety / role of ILO / environmental protection / regulation / labour legislation / comment / Africa / EU countries / Latin America / Pacific 08.15.2...
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...B14003 | Harish VVK | B14025 | Meenhaz Ahmed | B14034 | Shoutik Chakrabarti | B14051 | Snehanshu Gupta | B14054 | Arunava Ray | B14137 | | | Introduction Technology is in literal terms going to waste. In terms of electronics the world is progressing by leaps and bounds. However the recycling and handling of old, discarded and outdated electronics has not been able to keep pace. A startling fact- It is approximated that 87.5% of the world’s e-waste is not recycled! In India 40% of old, outdated and discarded electronic items languish in homes and warehouses. India is expected to have an 11% share in the global consumer electronic market by 2015. One of the biggest complaints by many environmentalists is that companies price replacement parts and repair services at unattractive rates so that consumers would prefer buying no products. This has added to the e-waste conundrum. We have discussed later an example of Nintendo breaking away from this clutter Fig. Device explosion globally Fig. The World’s highest gross e-waste producers Fig. The World’s highest e-waste Producers per Capita Fig. EPA data from “Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling and Disposal in the US, 2012 ,” India is not far behind, generating 13,00,000 tonnes of e-waste annually. Fig. Projection of e-waste generation in India Quite obviously, it were the larger and more developed states that produced the maximum e-waste. Fig. State-wise e-waste culprits There were...
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...house construction or demolition, find its way into the nearby municipal bin/vat/waste storage depots, making the municipal waste heavy and degrading its quality for further treatment like composting or energy recovery. Often it finds its way into surface drains, choking them. It constitutes about 10-20 % of the municipal solid waste (excluding large construction projects). It is estimated that the construction industry in India generates about 10-12 million tons of waste annually. Projections for building material requirement of the housing sector indicate a shortage of aggregates to the extent of about 55,000 million cu.m. An additional 750 million cu.m. aggregates would be required for achieving the targets of the road sector. Recycling of aggregate material from construction and demolition waste may reduce the demand-supply gap in both these sectors. While retrievable items such as bricks, wood, metal, titles are recycled, the concrete and masonry waste, accounting for more than 50% of the waste from construction and demolition activities, are not being currently recycled...
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...TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DETERMINATION OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF WASTE MATERIAL (PLASTICS) MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 2 ME 11L SUBMITTED BY: Alega, Ulysses Jr. H. Bicaldo, Mark Zedrick L. Engaño, Moises A. Sabida, Ricalyn B. SUBMITTED TO: Engr. Manuel E. Europeo March 10, 2014 INTRODUCTION Heat conduction (or thermal conduction) is the transfer of internal energy by microscopic diffusion and collisions of particles or quasi-particles within a body due to a temperature gradient. The microscopically diffusing and colliding objects include molecules, electrons, atoms, and phonons. They transfer disorganized microscopic kinetic and potential energy, which are jointly known as internal energy. Conduction can only take place within an object or material, or between two objects that are in direct or indirect contact with each other. Conduction takes place in all forms of ponderable, such as solids, liquids, gases and plasmas. Whether by conduction or by thermal radiation, heat spontaneously flows from a hotter to a colder body. In the absence of external drivers, temperature differences decay over time, and the bodies approach thermal equilibrium. In conduction, the heat flow is within and through the body itself. In contrast, in heat transfer by thermal radiation, the transfer is often between bodies, which can be spatially separate. Also possible is transfer of heat...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Removal of heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium and copper from aqueous solution is necessary because of the hazardous effect it does on the environment ,thereby making environmental protection important, however waste solutions containing heavy metal elements need treatment systems that can remove these contaminants effectively (Harvey and Chantawong, 2001). Frequent appearance of these metals in waste streams from many industries, including electroplating, metal finishing, metallurgical, tannery, chemical manufacturing, mining and battery manufacturing. This problem has received considerable attention in recent years, primarily due to the concern that those heavy metals in waste streams can be readily adsorbed by marine animals and directly enter the human food chain, thus presenting a high health risk to consumers (Lin et al., 2000). A number of technologies for treating contaminated effluents have been developed over the years. The most important of these techniques include chemical precipitation, filtration, ion- exchange, reverse osmosis and membrane systems. However, all these techniques have their inherent advantages and limitations in application. In the last few years, adsorption has been shown to be an alternative method for removing dissolved metal ions from liquid wastes (Bayat, 2002). The removal of heavy metal ions from industrial wastes using different adsorbents is currently...
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...DIVERSIFICATION AND GLOBAL POSITION 3 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. is ranked as the as the world’s second largest PC chipmaker with a market share of just 17%, far behind Intel Corp. with 81% of the market (Buckman and Williams 2001, 1). However, in 2000 AMD’s sales jumped 63% to $4.6 billion, producing $983 million in net income and its first profitable year since 1995 (Streetwalker 2001, 1). AMD owns engineering, manufacturing, warehousing and administrative facilities where it produces not only PC chips but also microprocessors, memory circuits, logic circuits, flash memory devices, telecommunication products and embedded processors (Moody’s 2000, 2520). The company’s headquarters and research and development site are located in Sunnyvale, CA, while the wafer manufacturing plants are located in Austin, TX and Dresden, Germany. The test and assembly facilities are located in Bangkok, Thailand and Penang, Malaysia. The company has also established production at the Singapore’s test and assembly facility as well as an analysis and design plant in Suzhou, China. In addition, a new plant in Japan, a joint venture of AMD and Fujitsu, called AMD Fujitsu Semiconductor Ltd. or FASB, will begin operations in the first half of 2001 (Dum 2000, 2). AMD, like many technological multinational enterprises (MNE), prefers to locate its factories and assembly plants in technology clusters in stable and democratic countries. However, AMD knows that East Asia is one of the best...
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...INDIAN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT & ADMINISTRATION PROJECT REPORT On A FRAMEWORK OF “SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT” Submitted for the Partial fulfillment towards the award of the degree in MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Submitted By Under the Guidance of SHARATH HS Roll Number: Session – 2013-14 PREFACE This report has been written in response to a comprehensive study, conducted on the “SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT” of “HINDALCO INDUSTRIES LIMITED”. The report mentions and evaluates the various aspects, pertaining to the distribution channel of the company. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT At the onset I must bow down in reverence to the almighty that blessed us with the understanding & prevalence that is needed in this kind of project report. With great pleasure I express my heartiest thanks to Dr. Diwakar Shetty without whose unrelated support and guidance, this project would just not have been possible. I am very thankful for his invaluable guidance, support, and affable & friendly nature. He/She guided me at each and every stage of project. I am equally indebted to my friends who always inspired and motivated me to do something better through...
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...www.elsevier.com/locate/worlddev World Development Vol. 30, No. 9, pp. 1539–1560, 2002 Ó 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved Printed in Great Britain 0305-750X/02/$ - see front matter PII: S0305-750X(02)00058-X Women in Sustainable Development: Empowerment through Partnerships for Healthy Living CLAUDIA MARA VARGAS * I University of Vermont, Burlington, USA Summary. — This article seeks to take partnerships seriously. Specifically, it is concerned with the nature, opportunities, and challenges facing women’s nongovernmental organization (NGOs), which seek to make real contributions to sustainable development. It uses a case study of COFERENE, a successful women’s NGO in Costa Rica, to explore the nature of partnerships, the contextual factors that shape them, the successes that can be realized from their wise use, and the potential problems that may arise. There are lessons, both optimistic and cautionary, to be learned from COFERENE’S experiences. This article analyzes these lessons. In synthesis, partnerships are complex and demanding, though there are cases in which women’s NGOs have used them effectively to foster sustainable development. Ó 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Key words — geographical focus: global, country specific: Costa Rica, sustainable development, partnerships, culture, nonprofits A woman said that her father was a street sweeper. If some people consider this a humble job, her opinion was that a person who has the job of...
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...Environment Management Topic : Hazardous Waste Management Group Members : Rohan Shanbhag (146) Amit Sharma (147) Nandita Sharma (148) Priya Shegoankar (149) Hazardous waste management is the collection, treatment, and disposal of waste material that, when improperly handled, can cause substantial harm to human health and safety or to the environment. Hazardous wastes can take the form of solids, liquids, sludges, or contained gases, and they are generated primarily by chemical production, manufacturing, and other industrial activities. They may cause damage during inadequate storage, transportation, treatment, or disposal operations. Improper hazardous-waste storage or disposal frequently contaminates surface and groundwater supplies. People living in homes built near old and abandoned waste disposal sites may be in a particularly vulnerable position. In an effort to remedy existing problems and to prevent future harm from hazardous wastes, governments closely regulate the practice of hazardous-waste management. Hazardous Materials Regulations Hazardous materials are regulated by three primary government agencies: ...
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