...* . Definition of correlation• Correlational research determines to what degree a relationship exists between 2 variables (or more variables). * 3. The nature of correlational research • Associational research: When the relationships among two or more variables are studied without any attempt to influence them. (The same as correlation and causal comparative research). • Experimental research: Differs from correlational research in that there’s manipulation of variables. * 4. The nature of correlational research • Correlational research is also sometimes referred to as a form of descriptive research because it describes an existing relationship between variables. * 5. The nature of correlational research • Positive correlation means that high scores on one variable (X) tend to be associated with high scores on the other variable (Y). • Negative Correlation means that high scores on one variable (X) are associated with low scores on the other variable (Y). * 6. Three Sets of Data ShowingDifferent Directions and Degrees of Correlation (A) (B) (C) r = +1.00 r = -1.00 r=0 X Y X Y X Y 5 5 5 1 2 1 4 4 4 2 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 4 1 5 1 1 1 5 4 2 * 7. A positive correlation y x * 8. A negative correlation y x * 9. No correlationy x * 10. No correlationy x * 11. Purposes of Correlational Research• Correlational studies are carried out to explain important human behavior or to predict likely outcomes. (identify relationships among variables).1. Explanatory...
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...In this discussion, I will attempt to briefly describe correlational research, select a variable from the study used in this course and from the workplace that might prove to provide a correlational relationship explain why I would choose these two. Lastly, I will attempt explain how these results of the survey will be used in the workplace. Correlational research is a measure of two more variables. This type of research calculates the degree of systematic covariation among measurements (Scmidt). If the values and one thing change, then what happens to the other? This is usually for the same situation. An example would be: If you were to have 22 people in a room of different heights from the shortest person to the tallest person, what would be the size of each individual's pants? They would get bigger or in other words, co-vary together. As you go from one of value to another, what happens to the other? A variable that I chose from the study in this course is gender and the other variable I have chosen for a work environment is sexual-harassment. The correlation between the two this was most likely to be a victim of sexual harassment in the workplace between males and females. I chose these two variables because it seems as though sexual-harassment within the workplace is showing up in the media a lot more lately. Victims of this crime are becoming more outspoken than before and it is a subject that people need to educate themselves on. A way that the results of this type...
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...In this discussion, I will attempt to briefly describe correlational research, select a variable from the study used in this course and from the workplace that might prove to provide a correlational relationship explain why I would choose these two. Lastly, I will attempt explain how these results of the survey will be used in the workplace. Correlational research is a measure of two more variables. This type of research calculates the degree of systematic covariation among measurements (Scmidt). If the values and one thing change, then what happens to the other? This is usually for the same situation. An example would be: If you were to have 22 people in a room of different heights from the shortest person to the tallest person, what would be the size of each individual's pants? They would get bigger or in other words, co-vary together. As you go from one of value to another, what happens to the other? A variable that I chose from the study in this course is gender and the other variable I have chosen for a work environment is sexual-harassment. The correlation between the two this was most likely to be a victim of sexual harassment in the workplace between males and females. I chose these two variables because it seems as though sexual-harassment within the workplace is showing up in the media a lot more lately. Victims of this crime are becoming more outspoken than before and it is a subject that people need to educate themselves on. A way that the results of this type...
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...vary in design. In correlational studies a researcher looks for associations among naturally occurring variables, whereas in experimental studies the researcher introduces a change and then monitors its effects. It is important to be able to distinguish between correlational and experimental designs, because only well-controlled experimental designs allow conclusions about cause and effect. This paper will attempt to define the two research methods coinciding with examples and counterpoints toward each design. Theoretical Perspectives of Social Psychology Correlational Versus Experimental Research Correlational research is an important form of educational and psychological research. Some knowledge of correlational methods is important for both the consumption and conduct of research. A correlation is simply defined as a relationship between two variables. The whole purpose of using correlations in research is to figure out which variables are connected. Prime example of the research can be found in most of our childhood experiences, the harmonious sound of the ice cream truck bell. This particular was the universal sound in most American neighborhoods that it was time for a delicious cold treat. Second example of this research comes from academia. The efficient student who studies is more likely to achieve a higher grade on their test, while those who don't study much are less likely to earn as high as those who do. Regarding experimental research on these phenomenons...
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...social psychology can be defined and expanded; by the influence it has social on others. Describing the primary research strategies used in social psychology that can involve variables and hypotheses, along with separating social and multicultural psychology in to two distinct fields. Social psychology can be defined as the scientific attempt to explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of other human beings (Fiske, 2010). These social influence can have an affects not only o our insignificant behavior but can also affects vital behavior, such as yielding to majority opinion over one’s own judgment, Fiske, Harris, & Cuddy, 2004)Our book gives us many example from the folding of paper to being in a cult. Any decisions a person makes can be based on the environment the y are in. The people you are around can have a great effect on who we because as a person and what your goals in life are. Most times when I watch the news I wonder why people choose to do crime and feel not remorse for what they do. Social psychology primarily analyzes what happens to people as individuals. When social scientists investigate the behavior of groups of people, they move toward the sociological end of social psychology; indeed, some social psychologists work in sociology departments. The primary research strategies used in these social psychology departments all involves variables and hypotheses. Once a researcher...
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...University of Phoenix Material Week 1 Assignment Worksheet Matching Match the following descriptions to the correct perspective: 1. ___B.___ perspective focuses on how learning experiences affect behavior, and focuses on behavior that is observable. 2. __E___ perspective focuses on the effect of unresolved conflicts from childhood, and how those conflicts unconsciously shape behavior. 3. __D___ perspective focuses on free will, conscious choices, and self-awareness, and views humans as distinct individuals with unique characteristics. 4. ___C__ perspective examines the mental processes used to obtain knowledge, and focuses on how information is processed, stored, retrieved, and manipulated. 5. __A___ perspective focuses on how factors like age, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and income level influence behavior, attitudes, and mental processes. A. Sociocultural B. Behavioral C. Cognitive D. Humanistic E. Psychodynamic Table Provide a description of the function of the structures or hormones listed. |Structure |Hormone(s) released (if applicable) |Description or function | |Frontal lobe |CRH Corticotropin-releasing hormone |Helps with decision making | |Somatosensory cortex |CRH |Sensory receptive area for the sense of touch...
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...University of Phoenix Material Descriptive Research Methods Worksheet Please list 5 research methods that you have reviewed from the book or video in the chart below. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages a researcher should consider when determining which methods to use. |Research Methods |Advantages |Disadvantages | |1. questionnaires |Ability to contact a large group of people quickly, get the | You do not get the questionnaires back all the time and some of them do not come | | |quantitative method of what you need, everyone is having the |back complete, the questionnaire relies on how the questions are phrased, they are | | |exactly same questions so it increases data, reliable. |shallow and only ask the questions they need to know. | |2. interviews |Able to understand the respondent’s views, gather more valid |Interviews are hard to quantify, can be hard to interpret, and they are more | | |information, and allow more flexibility. |difficult to replicate. | |3. naturalistic observation ...
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...Psychologists use a number of different scientific methods to conduct research on social psychology topics. These methods allow researchers to test hypotheses and theories and look for relationships between different variables. Both correlational and experimental research designs have its advantages and disadvantages. Another decision in designing research concerns where the study should be conducted: in a field setting or in a laboratory. Correlational Research Social psychologists use correlational research to look for relationships between variables. For example, a social psychology might carry out a correlational study looking at the relationship between workplace violence and aggression. Conducting surveys, directly observing behaviors, or compiling research from earlier studies are some of the methods used to gather data for correlational research. While this type of study can help determine if two variables have a relationship, it does not allow researchers to determine if one variable causes changes in another variable. Experimental Research Experimental research is the key to uncovering causal relationships between variables. In experimental research, the experimenter randomly assigns participants to one of two groups: (1) the control group; and (2) the experimental group. The control group receives no treatment and serves as a baseline. Researchers manipulate the levels of some independent variable in the experimental group and then measure the...
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...Cantone Correlation as a Measure of Association Summary Correlation research examines the extent to which differences in one characteristic or variable are related to differences in one or more other characteristics or variables. A correlation exist when one variable increases, another variable either increases or decreases in a predictable manner (Leedy, Ormrod, 2010). There are two different methods of correlation research; positive and negative. Positive is a positive relationship where both variables tend to move in the same direction. If one variable increases, the other tends to also increase (Jackson, 2011). If one variable decreases the other tends to as well. The example above; GPA and Math SAT are positively related. As GPA (or Math SAT) increases, the other variable also has a tendency to increase. Negative is a negative relationship the variables tend to move in the opposite directions. If one variable increases, the other tends to decrease, and vice-versa (Jackson, 2011). Correlational research allows researchers to collect more data than experiments. Because correlational research usually takes place outside of the lab, the results tend to be more applicable to everyday life. Another benefit of correlational research is that it opens up a great deal of further research to other scholars. When researchers begin investigating a phenomenon or relationship for the very first time, correlational research provides a good starting position. It allows researchers to determine...
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...Social Psychology is branch of psychology which has long history and its relatively young in the field of science community. Social psychology is somewhat misunderstood because of the fact that some believe it overlaps with clinical and sociology due to personal development and mental well being of individual. It can be said that social psychology has different branches and field for example, Forensic psychology is the subfield of social psychology that deals with the searches of mind and behavior of criminals in collaboration with judicial and law enforcement system. Stanford prison experiment was the major experiment conducted for the purpose of social psychology. Social Psychology Defined Social psychology is defined as the branch of psychology that deals with the scientific study of “how people think about one another, influence others and relate to others” (Meyers,2010). For example, how a person looks the world, he or she devises the situation and how individuals look at each other is social psychology. According to Allport, (1985), “Social psychology is the discipline which uses scientific methods to explain the behavior of individuals, their thoughts and feeling, also how behavior influences individuals by the actual or imaginative presence of others”. When it comes ...
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...InterContinental University Online Abstract The following compares and contrast of Naturalistic Obersavation and Correlational research. Which includes the research techniques reliability and validity strengths and weakness and generalizability. There are many different ways of collecting information and data to compare different types of things that happen from the past, present and to help predict the future. The research methods that I have compared are Naturalistic observation and Correlational research method. Like any thing else that they are more than one way of obtaining something there are differences and similarities that researchers can use to help them obtain their objective. The correlational research method is one in which the facts are utilizes facts to form links with an assortment of dependent variables. In most cases it is the one that is used first to give a basis before experiments can begin. There are three types of correlational research, observational, survey, and archival (Schmidt, 2000). Observational research includes items that can be tangibly recorded, for example, reporting for work and production. Survey research refers to the statistics that can be found by questioning subjects; for example, comparing the associations between couples who live together and divorce rates (Schmidt, 2000). Archival research deals with finding correlations between information that has been stored over a period of time; for example, a researcher...
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...University of Phoenix Material Descriptive Research Methods Worksheet Please list 5 research methods that you have reviewed from the book or video in the chart below. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages a researcher should consider when determining which methods to use. |Research Methods |Advantages |Disadvantages | |1.Naturalist Observation |Could be the basis for further research |Lack of control over research process | | | | | | |Low demand characteristics |Low reliability | | | | | | |Ecological Validity |Subjective interpretation | |2.Suveys |Open...
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...Rony Matamoros Chapter 1 1. Companies that see research as the fundamental first step in any business decision will create proprietary methods for conducting research. a. At what hierarchy level of business decision-making do these companies operate? -Top tier, Companies that see research as the fundamental first In any business decision will create propriety methods for conducting research. b. At what level do you (or your business) operate today? -Base tier, This tier comprises those managers’ who primarily use instinct and tuition rather than research knowledge to facilitate their decisions making. Most small companies find themselves in this tier based on the perception that any more formalized research might be too expensive to employ and because their resources will not accommodate this type of decision making. c. Explain what hierarchal level do you believe would be optimal (or your business)? -Top tier level would be the more optimal level for my business, top tier level organizations can see research as the fundamental first step in any course. This level goes well beyond the tried and true methodologies and use creative combinations of research techniques to gain deep insights to aid in their sophisticated decision making. Chapter 2 2. Research ethics (not business ethics) a. What is the goal of research ethics? -The goal of research ethics is to prevent anyone from being harmed. b. What is the purpose of an informed...
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...Types of Research 1 How can we teach students about the dangers of social media? Descriptive Research Educational PsychologyJanuary 29, 2011 Types of Research 2 How can we teach students about the dangers of social media? Descriptive Research Research can be explained as a process that gathers data to answer questions. Research is used in many applications to obtain knowledge and across many disciplines and industries. It can become the cornerstone for developing new concepts or products, treatments and cures, safety, policy and strategies, or even used simply to answer a question and provide information for decisions. Four types of research are: descriptive, correlational, experimental, and action. Descriptive Research Descriptive research uses tools such as “tests, surveys, interviews and observations to describe the status of characteristics of a situation or phenomenon” (Eggen & Kauchak, 2010, p. 15). Educators often use tests to answer achievement questions and assess instructional programs. Tests can also be used to compare external programs to obtain baseline measures of similarities and differences. Surveys can assess attitudes and feelings about programs or specific educational approaches. The results are used to shape program enhancements or changes to current practices. Observations are perhaps the most significant source of current status. Watching reactions, listening to interactions, observing expressive feelings, or seeing expressions of emotions...
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...Wk 1 DQ 2 The "Scientific research design" step Figure 6.2 in the text (P118) identified areas of “scientific research design.” Address the issues brought up in the six “grayed” boxes as applied to the research problem you came up with in dq 1. As an example, if I’m looking at the “effect of adult support” on a child’s readiness to read I may want to follow a child through the elementary school classes --- a “longitudinal” design. (The “Time Horizon” box.) Based on my understanding of what I am reading what my DQ 1 is called a Correlational Study. The information may be of interest to know that attempts are sometimes made to establish cause-and -effect relationships through certain types of correlational or regression analyses. Does obesity cause cancer, does not taking personal responsibility for your health cause certain medical problems. Or this I have to go with " Extent of researchers interference " because I feel the health system just like the economy has been in trouble, it like an old saying if is not broke then do not fix it, now we have all these people on talk show and senators talking against the universal insurance I feel that it is not perfect but at least some people are attempting to remedy the problem, it hard to believe that in the 20th century doctors and hospitals are sending patients home to die because of lack of money or insurance but an illegal alien can go into the emergency room and get all types of medical care and want be refused because...
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