...Abstract Corruption and corporate and personal integrity is becoming a major problem in the global economy we live in today. Corruption is defined as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. Numerous national and multinational companies face serious cultural problems including corruption and integrity issues. Today there are many reasons as to why corruption and lack of integrity is harmful to so many countries. Corruption affects a countries politics, economy, society, and overall environment. When the counties leadership is lacking integrity, than a corrupt country cannot develop, which causes the country to become even more corrupt. In addition, the corrupt countries economy suffers with the potential depletion of their national wealth. However, the damage of corruption on society is most damaging of all. Country corruption and unethical behavior diminishes trust in the government, politics, and leadership of their country. This in turn creates the potential for more unethical behavior and corruption in that society. Overall, the environment of that country suffers and only creates a domino effect of more unethical behavior and corruption across the spectrum. Haiti has been ranked as one of the most corrupt country in the World by Transparency International. Once a tourist’s attraction, Haiti was one of the most beautiful mountainous countries of the Caribbean Islands now it is pledge by corruption and a government that lacks moral and integrity. It...
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...Struggle of Aboriginals in Canada “We owe the aboriginal peoples a debt that is four centuries old. It is their turn to become full partners in developing an even greater Canada. And the reconciliation required may be less a matter of legal texts than of attitudes of the heart.” - Roméo LeBlanc Aboriginal people are called the people from “First Nations” in Canada who have rich historical, cultural and spiritual traditions. However, many of these traditions were altered or even taken away upon the arrival of British and French settlers in Canada. Since then, forcing colonial culture and values on Aboriginal societies, the dispossession of Aboriginal lands and the seclusion of Aboriginals from modern amenities created a sequence of social, physical and spiritual devastation of their culture. Effect of these is quite noticeable even today. This is mainly because the Federal Government is not taking enough responsibility for providing proper support to Aboriginals with growing problems in the reserves. The Government of Canada recognizes the inherent right of self-government as an existing Aboriginal right under section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (AANDC). It recognizes that the inherent right may find expression in treaties, and in the context of the Crown's relationship with treaty First Nations. Recognition of the inherent right is based on the view that the Aboriginal peoples of Canada have the right to govern themselves in relation to matters that...
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...Exploring The Role Of Government Watchdogs In Canada And Its Influence On Society, Economics, And Politics Introduction In our increasingly neoliberalized and privatized society, the concept of governance and ethical conduct has been falling from the grips of public dialogue and discussion. Self-regulation has become a “mantra for both governments and private industry in the neoliberal era (Burch et al., 2013, p. 259). Given the onset of recent environmental disasters related to the oil and gas industry, the oligarchic telecommunications industry, and our crippling health care system, the role for government watchdogs becomes ever more so important. Thus for any type of change to occur, effective governance is important as it must also progress with any changes in society (Marin, 2009). For this to occur, this requires an ombudsman - also known as a watchdog, or adjudicator who has the “power to set standards and apply sanctions” (Burch et al., 2013, p. 259). The ombudsman or watchdog acts as a “moral compass and societal conscience,” making it even more relevant in today’s 21st century (Marin, 2009). However, in the event that the ombudsman/watchdog model is unable to help with any type of meaningful reform or provide justice, it starts to experience public criticism. Therefore, the focus of this paper will be to explore the role of government watchdogs in Canada and their decreasing influence on public and private sector institutions. In doing so, it will be understood...
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...Ethical Environment in Mexico The topic of business ethics is one that too often ends up on the back burner, unless you happen to be a social activist. There are perceptions and realities associated with bribery and corruption when doing business in Mexico. Corruption, bribery, “mordidas” (translated as “bites”, but are actually bribes) and tips are part of Mexico and the foreigner’s perception of Mexico. It’s a difficult subject to address because it involves ethical and moral decisions for the foreign visitor or business person. What is culturally OK in Mexico, may be seen as immoral and corrupt by an individual from another country. Historically, corruption in Mexico is blamed upon the Spanish conquistadors. While corruption no doubt existed prior to the Spanish conquest, they certainly did institutionalize it in government and throughout the Mexican (and Latin American) culture. Today corruption, bribery and tipping occur at all levels of Mexican society and at many different degrees. For one reason or another it has become part of daily life. Most of it involves small sums of money, and is thought of as tipping and not as a bribe. In fact, to eliminate corruption in Mexico overnight is unrealistic and would probably result in chaos. As some Mexican observers have noted, “La mordida” is the grease that makes the system work. In a country like Mexico, regarded as a low-trust culture in the work environment, can employees be led to trust one another? Or is greater control...
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...Populations/Subjects………………………………………………………. Procedures and Research Methods of Proposed Study…………………………….. Ethical Considerations of Proposed Study………………………………………….. References………………………………………………………………………….4 Chapter I: Introduction Statement of the Problem For anyone that is familiar with Canadian politics, especially in the Canadian Senate, corruption is a common theme. Richard Gwyn proposed that Canada’s political integrity was near perfect up until 1975, where political transgressions became prominent in the news. What Gwyn fails to note is the many smaller transgressions that have surfaced prior to 1975, which may not fall into the category of noteworthy (Gibbons & Rowat, 1975). The empirical evidence that must be stated with response to Canada’s political corruption is what is considered by many to be political integrity. What questions must also be answered; are what is considered shabby politics? Is Canada’s political integrity really as spotless as it seems, or are some transgressions overlooked because of what some people actually consider corruption? Purpose of the Proposed Research Study The proposed study will examine what citizens really consider to be political corruption. A sample population will be given a questionnaire to quantitatively test the opinions of Canadians to...
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...A Comparative Study of Walmart Operations in Canada & Mexico Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary…………………………...………………………………...…...2 2. Introduction………………………………………………………………………….3 3. Walmart and the Canadian Marketplace……………………………..…………3 A. Country Competitiveness B. Cultural Environment C. Political and Legal Environment D. Entry Strategies 4. Walmart and the Mexican Marketplace……………………………..………….10 A. Country Competitiveness B. Cultural Environment C. Political and Legal Environment D. Entry Strategies 5. Summary Comparison of Canadian and Mexican Markets…………………….18 6. Recommendation…………………………………………………………………….19 7. References…………………………………………………………………………...21 1. Executive Summary This report closely examines the operations of the world's largest retailer, Walmart, in Canada and Mexico. Assessments of market conditions in both countries have been conducted in terms of country competitiveness, cultural, political and legal environments and the strategies used by Walmart upon entry. Tying into these international business factors, specific aspects of international economic integration, monetary systems, social responsibility and corruption have also been reviewed. While being part of one continent and a common trade bloc (NAFTA, the North American Free Trade Agreement), considerable differences between Canada and Mexico are apparent. These differences are individually analyzed on the following pages. Inevitably, they...
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...French hypermarket Carrefour is facing a peculiar kind of growing pain for its breakneck growth in China: systemic corruption among its management ranks at the local levels. As many as eight managerial staff at Carrefour China have been detained by Chinese police in a wide-ranging probe initiated by the company itself over bribe taking by its managers at its city procurement center in Beijing and seven other outlets, including one in Shenzhen. Their detention is seen as part of radical shakeout precipitated by Eric Legros, the new executive director of Carrefour China. Legros is looking to rein in wayward local managers and tighten up a decentralized procurement system that has set Carrefour on a high-growth path in China but that appears to be outgrowing its usefulness. The police summoned 22 suspects for questioning between June 25th and August 1, including 12 local suppliers, according to two major publications, Shanghai Securities News and China Business News. The investigation netted an unidentified number of corrupt managers working at the fresh produce department who requested kickbacks in the form of promotional fees from suppliers. Carrefour did not dispute the reports’ accounts. Unlike the centralized system in procurement and coordinating logistics employed by its top competitor in China, Wal-Mart, Carrefour has been racing ahead in China through a model that empowers local managers at each outlet to manage pricing, choose suppliers and conduct negotiations on...
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...being one of the only major prosecutions in Canada, it was the first time a company voluntarily disclosed corrupt foreign practices to law enforcement in the country. Because the company self-reported their violations, they received a more lenient penalty than they would have if they concealed the bribes. The client should have an understanding of this case and how it has shaped recent Canadian legislation. Cryptometrics Canada Inc. Nazir Karigar, an intermediary for the Canadian company Cryptometrics, was involved in a foreign bribery scheme in 2006. Karigar plotted to bribe Air India officials with cash on behalf of the Canadian company to secure a contract for the supply of biometric facial recognition security technology. No bribe was actually paid, and the plan was ultimately a failure (Dattu). Recently, in 2014, Karigar was sentenced under the CFPOA to three years in prison for his role in the bribery scheme. In the sentencing decision, the court found that Karigar’s plan was sophisticated, carefully planned, and would have resulted in the payment of millions of dollars in bribes had it been successful. Karigar personally conceived and attempted to carry out the plan himself. However, they also took into...
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...SUMMARY You may find certain aspects of Brazilian culture to be strange and quite different from what you are used to in Canada. One of the major differences is that Brazil is a collectivistic culture as measured on Hofstede’s Individualism Index, in contrast to Canada’s individualistic culture (Hofstede, 2014). Brazil’s collectivist nature will have many impacts on your daily interactions, including the Brazilian importance of family, which will often be place above work priorities (Training, 2012). Brazil is also different in its communication style, which tends to be more informal and indirect than Canada’s formal and direct style. Brazil is also considered a high-context culture, therefore it is important to pay attention to what is said, how it is said, and what is not said (Suderman, 2008). Another major aspect of Brazilian culture is the importance of building relationships before commencing business. Brazilians expect to get to know their business contacts through multiple meetings, in order to establish trust, and hopefully a friendship (DiPaolo, 2006). This process may take some time as it illustrates Brazil’s Polychronic orientation, which is more relaxed (slower) in nature and where the prevailing attitude is that “things will get done in their own time” (Suderman, 2008). Brazil is also very comfortable with inequality as evidenced by their high score on Hofstede’s Power Distance Index (Hofstede, 2014). As a manager in Brazil you will be expected to take absolute...
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...Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 2012 TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL the global coalition against corruption Contents Introduction About the index Corruption Perceptions Index 2012 1 2 4 Transparency International seeks to provide reliable quantitative diagnostic tools regarding levels of corruption, both at the global and local levels. The Corruption Perceptions Index is one of Transparency International’s indices sponsored by Ernst & Young. 176 countries, 176 scores. How does your country measure up? Transparency International is the global civil society organization leading the fight against corruption. Through more than 90 chapters worldwide and an international secretariat in Berlin, we raise awareness of the damaging effects of corruption and work with partners in government, business and civil society to develop and implement effective measures to tackle it. www.transparency.org Every effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the information contained in this report. All information was believed to be correct as of December 2012. Nevertheless, Transparency International cannot accept responsibility for the consequences of its use for other purposes or in other contexts. ©2012 Transparency International. All rights reserved. Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 2012 1 About the index Corruption can happen anywhere. When politicians put their own interests above those of the public. When officials demand...
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...while treating their employees with respect, so shouldn’t a company keep the same ethical approach if they expand their operations abroad? Over the last century or so, the global economy has changed drastically, with less barriers and a greater flow of goods and services between countries. A multinational corporation is any business that has productive activities in two or more countries. Although there are many benefits to the changing world economy, a majority of these multinational corporations are harming their host countries in a variety of ways. The three main ethical issues that multinational corporations are involved in when operating in host countries include environmental pollution, unethical employment practices, and even corruption. The purpose of this paper will be to analyze these three...
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...government from abusing power; market-oriented economic systems advocate innovation and property rights protection and its legal systems provide safeguards to property rights protection. Therefore, it believes that investing in Canada is a good choice. Since Canada is rich in natural resources and has rich human resources, it is recommended that Canada is appealing for firms which are doing business in the field of natural resources or high-technology. Table of Content Executive Summary 1 1. Introduction 4 2. Political Economy Analysis 5 2.1. Political System 5 2.2. Economical System 6 2.3. Legal System 8 3. Recommendation 9 4. Conclusion 9 References 10 Appendix 12 Table of Figures Figure 1 FDI Index 4 Figure 2 Protection Years 7 Figure 3 Net government debt as percent of GDP 8 1. Introduction Canada, with a population approximately 34 million people, is the second largest country in size after Russia (CIA, 2013). Canada is also one of the largest advanced economies in the world. In the respect to attracting FDI, it jumps 16 spots into 4th place (ATKearney, 2013). Figure 1 FDI Index Source: (ATKearney, 2013) The aim of this report is to assess Canadian attractiveness as a destination for foreign direct investment. Firstly it gives an overview of Canada. Then it will adopt the Political Economy Analysis to discuss the benefits, risks and costs from Canadian political, economical and legal systems for FDI. Given Canadian perfect political and legal infrastructure, strong...
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...Global profiles of the fraudster White-collar crime – present and future kpmg.com/fraudster 2 Global profiles of the fraudster F Introduction to the typical fraudster identified in the investigations KPMG firms reported on two years earlier. The typical fraudster in the 2013 study is 36 to 45 years of age, is generally acting against his/her own organization, and is mostly employed in an executive,3 finance, operations or sales/ marketing function. He/she holds a senior management position, was employed in the organization in excess of six years and, in committing the fraud, frequently acted in concert with others. Other findings, however, are different. This time, we have developed a series of themes in order to understand the changing relationship among the fraudster, his/ her environment and the frauds committed. And after taking into account the insights of our investigation leaders around the world, we conclude that the type of fraud and the type of fraudster are continually changing. “The intriguing thing about fraud is that it is always morphing, like a strain of flu; you can cure today’s strain, but next year it evolves into something as bad if not worse, ” says Phil Ostwalt, Global Coordinator for Investigations for the Global Forensic practice at KPMG. One major change is the growing use of technology by fraudsters, and not just in the technologically advanced countries, such as the US “a concern for all business is that we are about to see a new generation...
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...Research Task: Trade Barrier and Corruption by Panida Vesakha-Vahrinth The similar concern for all countries being considered for a new market entry is the issue dealing with IPR. Additionally, the rules and regulations for foreign manufacturers for these countries often causes delay in registering new pharmaceutical products in order to provide the local manufacturer maximized domestic opportunity. These rules and regulations include additional inspections of the products that are arguably unnecessary, the costly applications for required permits and license to sale such products, and the product specification requirements that do not applied to the domestic manufacturer (See Exhibit A for further details). According to the Corruption Perception Index provided by Transparency International, the selected countries can be ranked according to the CPI 2010 scores as follow: Canada, Chile, Turkey, China, and India (Exhibit B). The five countries with the highest CPI scores show some culture similarities. All but Singapore receive high score in the IDV category. Singapore, on the other hand, is most influenced by the PDI dimension (Exhibit D). The top five countries have high economic freedom and all but Singapore, score highly on the political freedom scale. These countries also have significantly higher GPD/capital in PPP in comparison to the five countries with the lowest CPI score. The top five countries also have high trade volume in relative to the country’s GDP and have...
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...Corruption in Kenya From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Political corruption Flag of Kenya.svg Concepts Bribery Cronyism Kleptocracy Economics of corruption Electoral fraud Legal plunder Nepotism Slush fund Plutocracy Political scandal Corruption by country Europe Albania Armenia Austria Belgium Bosnia Denmark Finland France Germany Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Georgia Greece Iceland Ireland Italy Kosovo Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Moldova Montenegro Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Ukraine Asia Afghanistan Bahrain Bangladesh Cambodia China India Indonesia Iran Iraq Jordan Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Malaysia Myanmar North Korea Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Thailand Uzbekistan Vietnam Africa Angola Botswana Cameroon Congo Egypt Equatorial Guinea Ethiopia Ghana Kenya Liberia Mauritius Morocco Nigeria Senegal Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe North America Canada Cuba Haiti Mexico Nicaragua United States South America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Paraguay Peru Venezuela Oceania and the Pacific Australia New Zealand Papua New Guinea Transcontinental countries Russia Turkey v t e Political corruption in the post-colonial government of Kenya has had a history which spans the era of the Jomo Kenyatta and Daniel arap Moi's KANU governments to Mwai Kibaki's PNU...
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