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Cost Consequences Evaluation

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Definition
Cost Consequences Analysis (CCA) is defined as a type of economic evaluation where various health outcomes are integrated besides to cost for each intervention, but there is no overall assessment of quality of life [1]. It is a form of Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) which does not integrate all of the costs and benefits into the same unit; rather, it stands on different types of benefits that are not measurable in the same monetary terms [2]. This type of analysis accumulates costs for two or more options, whereas, the consequences are collected as multiple of outcomes pertaining to the two options, but measured to different extent [3].

Principle of CCA
Before understanding the principle of CCA, firstly, we should have a clear understanding …show more content…
It includes a set of methods that estimate costs of an intervention against the benefits that it provides [2]. Economic evaluation helps to notify the decision makers in facing challenging demands ahead of health budget [3]. This is important, as the decision makers can be familiar with both the costs and consequences of two or more health treatment options in the economic analysis, which to be classified further into economic evaluation [3]. Thereby, in making decisions based on CCA, each decision makers will consign their own rationale on different benefits and on costs, totally [2]. One major advantage for this analysis is that, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in England permits the public health interventions to use CCA, unlike other health care system [2]. CCA is referred to disaggregated approach, because the benefits and costs are not integrated into a sole marker such as net benefit or cost effectiveness ratio [2], rather, it depends on the cost and consequences without comparing it as an incremental cost [4]. Also, CCA is used to measure the significance of a new treatment in health care utilisation compared to another …show more content…
The cost of ERS for this cohort is approximately £22 million to the health care provider and £12 million to the participants and this account to a total of £33 million. This is based on a time off centre-based intervention as defined in the Cost Utility Analysis (CUA).
The ERS includes an additional 3900 people becoming physically active, 51 cases of Congestive Heart Disease avoided, 16 cases of stroke avoided, 86 cases of diabetes avoided, 152 additional people in health states free from Congestive Heart Disease, stroke or diabetes and an increase of 800 Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs). ERS has a positive impact on the management of mental health, metabolic disease, cancer, musculoskeletal conditions and productivity through reduced absenteeism at work. There are some possible adverse affects in this study which are considered rare, but could still counteract some of the positive consequences of ERS. Based on the measurable costs and benefits, ERS is expected to result in a net gain benefit of 0.008 QALYs, with an incremental cost per QALY of ERS of approximately

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