...The culture of the iron-using people spread to the rest of the coast of East Africa, its center changing from one place to another. Involvement in transoceanic trade from the early centuries AD contributed to the prosperity of the coastal communities as evidenced by coastal monuments. More than 1500 years of cultural continuity was offset by the arrival of European and Arab colonizers in the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries AD. Le peuple Swahili a souvent ete considere comme un peuple dont la langue avait pour origine le Perse/Arabe ou le Cushite. Les chercheurs ont utilise des donees historiques et archeologiques afin de supporter cette hypothese. Cependant I'etude linguistique de cette langue, ainsi que de nouvelles decouvertes archeologiques suggerent que la culture Swahili trouve son origine au debut de l'ere chretienne. Ils furent les premiers fermiers a s'installer le long du littoral, fondant des villages cotiers, vers les premiers siecles de notre ere, les premiers aussi a adopter les techniques du fer et les techniques de navigation. La culture du fer s'etendit rapidement au reste des cotes d'Afrique de l'Est, son centre se deplacant d'un endroit a un autre. Leur implication dans le commerce oceanique contrbua a la prosperite de leur communautes cotieres, mise en evidence notamment...
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...Gabriel Garcia Marquez One Hundred Years of Solitude Chapter 1 MANY YEARS LATER as he faced the firing squad, Colonel Aureliano Buendía was to remember that distant afternoon when his father took him to discover ice. At that time Macondo was a village of twenty adobe houses, built on the bank of a river of clear water that ran along a bed of polished stones, which were white and enormous, like prehistoric eggs. The world was so recent that many things lacked names, and in order to indicate them it was necessary to point. Every year during the month of March a family of ragged gypsies would set up their tents near the village, and with a great uproar of pipes and kettledrums they would display new inventions. First they brought the magnet. A heavy gypsy with an untamed beard and sparrow hands, who introduced himself as Melquíades, put on a bold public demonstration of what he himself called the eighth wonder of the learned al-chemists of Macedonia. He went from house to house dragging two metal ingots and everybody was amazed to see pots, pans, tongs, and braziers tumble down from their places and beams creak from the desperation of nails and screws trying to emerge, and even objects that had been lost for a long time appeared from where they had been searched for most and went dragging along in turbulent confusion behind Melquíades’ magical irons. “Things have a life of their own,” the gypsy proclaimed with a harsh accent. “It’s simply a matter of waking up their souls.” José...
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...« Analyse de la trajectoire historique de la monnaie électronique » Marc Lacoursière Les Cahiers de droit, vol. 48, n° 3, 2007, p. 373-448. Pour citer cet article, utiliser l'information suivante : URI: http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/043936ar DOI: 10.7202/043936ar Note : les règles d'écriture des références bibliographiques peuvent varier selon les différents domaines du savoir. Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d'auteur. L'utilisation des services d'Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d'utilisation que vous pouvez consulter à l'URI http://www.erudit.org/apropos/utilisation.html Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l'Université de Montréal, l'Université Laval et l'Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. Érudit offre des services d'édition numérique de documents scientifiques depuis 1998. Pour communiquer avec les responsables d'Érudit : erudit@umontreal.ca Document téléchargé le 30 janvier 2014 01:23 analyse de la trajectoire historique de la monnaie électronique Marc « l a C o u rsiè re Le développement de l’argent et des mécanismes de paiement est d’abord apparu par la création du troc, lequel a engendré la monnaie métallique, qui a donné naissance à la monnaie papier pour être graduellement remplacée par la monnaie électronique. À chacune de ces étapes, le degré d’acceptation de la monnaie est tributaire de la confiance...
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...European Union Nigerian Energy Support Programme (NESP) The Nigerian Energy Sector An Overview with a Special Emphasis on Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and Rural Electrification 2nd Edition, June 2015 Implemented by 2 Acknowledgements This report on the Nigerian energy sector was compiled as part of the Nigerian Energy Support Programme (NESP). NESP is implemented by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH and funded by the European Union and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). The authors would like to thank the GIZ Nigeria team for having entrusted this highly relevant subject to GOPA- International Energy Consultants GmbH, and for their extensive and dedicated inputs and guidance provided during implementation. The authors express their gratitude to all project partners who provided particularly valuable and interesting insights into ongoing activities during the course of the project. It was a real pleasure and a great help to exchange ideas and learn from highly experienced management and staff and committed representatives of this programme. How to Read Citations Bibliography is cited by [Author; Year]. Where no author could be identified, we used the name of the institution. The Bibliography is listed in Chapter 10. Websites (internet links) are cited with a consecutive numbering system [1], [2], etc. The Websites are listed in Chapter 11. 3 Imprint Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft...
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...Sydney Sheldon - If Tomorrow Comes If Tomorrow Comes Sydney Sheldon Hmmm, looks like another genie got out of the bottle Me Fiction Scanned and fully proofed by nihua, 2002-03-24 v4.1 CR/LFs removed and formatting tidied. pdb conversion by bigjoe. IF TOMORROW COMES by Sidney Sheldon, ©1985 BOOK ONE Chapter 01 New Orleans THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 20--- 11:00 P.M. She undressed slowly, dreamily, and when she was naked, she selected a bright red negligee to wear so that the blood would not show. Doris Whitney looked around the bedroom for the last time to make certain that the pleasant room, grown dear over the past thirty years, was neat and tidy. She opened the drawer of the bedside table and carefully removed the gun. It was shiny black, and terrifyingly cold. She placed it next to the telephone and dialed her daughter's number in Philadelphia. She listened to the echo of the distant ringing. And then there was a soft "Hello?" "Tracy... I just felt like hearing the sound of your voice, darling." "What a nice surprise, Mother." "I hope I didn't wake you up." "No. I was reading. Just getting ready to go to sleep. Charles and I were going out for dinner, but the weather's too nasty. It's snowing hard here. What's it doing there?" Dear God, we're talking about the weather, Doris Whitney thought, when there's so much I want to tell her. And can't. "Mother? Are you there?" Doris Whitney stared out the window. "It's raining." And she thought, How melodramatically appropriate. Like an...
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...USA $25.95 CANADA $27.95 • W h y do our headaches persist after taking a one-cent aspirin but disappear when we take a 50-cent aspirin? • Why does recalling the Ten Commandments reduce our tendency to lie, even when we couldn't possibly be caught? • W h y do we splurge on a lavish meal but cut coupons to save 25 cents on a can of soup? • W h y do we go back for second helpings at the unlimited buffet, even when our stomachs are already full? • And how did we ever start spending $4.15 on a cup of coffee when, just a few years ago, we used to pay less than a dollar? hen it comes to making decisions in our lives, we think we're in control. We think we're making smart, rational choices. But are we? In a series o f illuminating, often surprising experi ments, M I T behavioral economist Dan Ariely refutes the common assumption that we behave in fundamentally rational ways. Blending everyday experience with ground breaking research, Ariely explains how expectations, emotions, social norms, and other invisible, seemingly illogical forces skew our reasoning abilities. N o t only do we make astonishingly simple mistakes every day, but we make the same types of mistakes, Ariely discovers. We consistently overpay, underestimate, and procrastinate. We fail to understand the profound effects of our emotions on what we want, and we overvalue what we already own. Yet these misguided behaviors are neither random nor senseless. They're systematic and predict able—making us predictably irrational...
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...OAO Gazprom Annual Report 2014 The Power of Growth OAO Gazprom Annual Report 2014 Note. This Annual Report has been formed on the basis of Resolution No. 1 of OAO Gazprom’s Management Committee On Organization of Work Related to Holding the Annual General Shareholders Meeting dated 29 January 2015. The terms «OAO Gazprom», «Company» used in the Annual Report refer to the parent company of Gazprom Group, i.e. to Open Joint Stock Company Gazprom. «Gazprom Group», «the Group» or «Gazprom» imply OAO Gazprom and its subsidiaries taken as a whole. For the purposes of the Annual Report, the lists of subsidiaries and affiliates were prepared on the basis used in the preparation of OAO Gazprom’s consolidated accounting (financial) statements in accordance with the requirements of the Russian legislation. Similarly, the «Gazprom neft Group» and «Gazprom neft» refer to OAO Gazprom neft and its subsidiaries, «Gazprom energoholding» refers to OOO Gazprom energoholding and its subsidiaries, Gazprom neftekhim Salavat refers to OAO Gazprom neftekhim Salavat and its subsidiaries. In this Report “companies investments to which are classified as joint operations” define OAO Tomskneft VNC and Salym Petroleum Development N.V. The Annual Report also contains information related to Gazprom Group’s business activities in the future, based on the forecast and estimates of Gazprom’s management derived from the current situation. Actual results may differ from the said forecast and estimates due to the effect...
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...The Economist 本 PDF 由人人网《经济学人》翻译组提供翻译、整理 新浪微博请关注 http://weibo.com/tett 原文版权归经济学人集团所有 小组地址 http://xiaozu.renren.com/xiaozu/228064 主宰自己人生的秘诀在于求知与冒险，前者让你预见未来，后者让你掌控你所预见的未来。 鸣 组长：钮成拓 组长：胡伟凡 谢 翻译 A 组（一周时事 The world this week 文艺 Books and Arts） 组员：史心语 李雅婷 罗智 朱田牧 沈鱼 唐宇 熊朋迪 姚欣悦 翻译 B 组（财经 Finance & Economics 科技 Science & Technology） 组员：陈默 汤旭武 熊佳 黄文琦 王紫珊 徐莉钦 袁子葳 陈玉梅 许青 汤永永 翻译 C 组（精粹 Briefing 亚洲 Asia） 组长：贺鹏 组员：董董 王英莲 金婧华 杨婕 郑玮 闵昂 董平 苏秋秋 刘畅 杨畅 翻译 D 组（商业 Business 社论 Leaders） 组长：卢爽 组员：程娟 曹宝平 张力 巩子笠 王同同 谢乙德 赵一蓉 管浩波 翻译 E 组（美国 United States 美洲 The Americas） 组长：程蒙 组员：慧子 孔德威 栾子越 裴静 郑恒 胡文玉 王思思 马绍博 李苏 翻译 F 组（中东与非洲 Middle East and Africa 国际 International） 组长：单李扬 组员：樊睿 沈骜 林冰洁 李小千 黄献禾 蔡丽艳 李骏 刘超 翻译 G 组（英国 Britain 欧洲 Europe） 组长：周薇薇 组员：徐文婕 周开文 郭伟华 战培良 郭爽 芳菲 柳杨 王征 李慧彗 郭心睿 李寅 罗丹 张亚玲 校对组 组长：尹茜 组员：李晓敏 任昊 汪楚航 胡心云 张诗玲 张理中 王晴 刘洋 杨舒雅 费凡 ——组员专访 没有赶上这周的小组会议， 但是也得服从组织安排啊。 这周的题目是政治和金融的结合体， 尽管不长， 也让我大费周章。 虽然嘴上说再也不要碰经济类的文章了，但是心里还是有种想要去正视自己软肋的冲动。每次都是拖拖拉拉直到最后，有时 候还要翻译到一点多，厚着脸皮向刘总、组长和校对组的同学们表示深深的歉意。 因为考研，我加入了这个小组，从当初看不得群里一片喧哗，气愤从网横行的河蟹，然后为分组纠结，再到后来认识了 好多朋友，成长的确是一件值得开心的事情。那么多伙伴祝我生日快乐，我一条一条看过去，留下了一个一边笑一边想哭的 扭曲表情。 今天刘总把人人小组对翻译团的超好评发出来了，今后也请各位继续多多努力，我们的目标还很远大呢！ C 组-苏秋秋 2011.9.10 《经济学人》中英文对照版 2011 年 9 月 10 日刊 免费订阅地址：http://s8.hk/5vqm -1- 本刊旨在提供学习交流之用，请于下载后 24 小时内删除，我们鼓励购买正版！ The Economist 本 周 政 治 要 闻 BY 史 心 语 &罗 智 本 周 商 业 要 闻 BY 唐 宇 &熊 朋 迪 本 PDF 由人人网《经济学人》翻译组提供翻译、整理 财 经 Finance & Economics 红币在国外 新浪微博请关注 http://weibo.com/tett 原文版权归经济学人集团所有 小组地址 http://xiaozu.renren.com/xiaozu/228064 ...
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...62118 0/nm 1/n1 2/nm 3/nm 4/nm 5/nm 6/nm 7/nm 8/nm 9/nm 1990s 0th/pt 1st/p 1th/tc 2nd/p 2th/tc 3rd/p 3th/tc 4th/pt 5th/pt 6th/pt 7th/pt 8th/pt 9th/pt 0s/pt a A AA AAA Aachen/M aardvark/SM Aaren/M Aarhus/M Aarika/M Aaron/M AB aback abacus/SM abaft Abagael/M Abagail/M abalone/SM abandoner/M abandon/LGDRS abandonment/SM abase/LGDSR abasement/S abaser/M abashed/UY abashment/MS abash/SDLG abate/DSRLG abated/U abatement/MS abater/M abattoir/SM Abba/M Abbe/M abbé/S abbess/SM Abbey/M abbey/MS Abbie/M Abbi/M Abbot/M abbot/MS Abbott/M abbr abbrev abbreviated/UA abbreviates/A abbreviate/XDSNG abbreviating/A abbreviation/M Abbye/M Abby/M ABC/M Abdel/M abdicate/NGDSX abdication/M abdomen/SM abdominal/YS abduct/DGS abduction/SM abductor/SM Abdul/M ab/DY abeam Abelard/M Abel/M Abelson/M Abe/M Aberdeen/M Abernathy/M aberrant/YS aberrational aberration/SM abet/S abetted abetting abettor/SM Abeu/M abeyance/MS abeyant Abey/M abhorred abhorrence/MS abhorrent/Y abhorrer/M abhorring abhor/S abidance/MS abide/JGSR abider/M abiding/Y Abidjan/M Abie/M Abigael/M Abigail/M Abigale/M Abilene/M ability/IMES abjection/MS abjectness/SM abject/SGPDY abjuration/SM abjuratory abjurer/M abjure/ZGSRD ablate/VGNSDX ablation/M ablative/SY ablaze abler/E ables/E ablest able/U abloom ablution/MS Ab/M ABM/S abnegate/NGSDX abnegation/M Abner/M abnormality/SM abnormal/SY aboard ...
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