...GREAT LAKES UNIVERSITY OF KISUMU FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF NURSING COURSE CODE: EPS 121 COURSE NAME: COUNSELLING NAME OF STUDENT: EDWIN VICTOR ODHIAMBO ADMISSION NO: BSN/12 – M/01 DATE: 8TH NOVEMBER 2012 HOME WORK COUNSELLING ASSIGNMENT ASSIGNMENT 1: CONTRAST BETWEEN PSYCHOANALYTIC THERAPY AND HUMANISTIC COUNSELLING ASSIGNMENT 2: WHAT IS THE FOCUS ON HUMANISTIC COUNSELLING? LECTURER: PASTOR OWINO PSYCHOANALYTIC THERAPY Sigmund Freud is credited as the founder of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic theory. There have been a multitude of variations that have evolved and the term most often used to broadly encompass these approaches is "Psychodynamic." Terms such as: neurosis, conflict, attachment, object relations, unconscious, defense mechanisms, id, ego, superego, drives, libido, transference, counter-transference, and countless more have emerged from this approach. Some of the major approaches within the psychodynamic category are: Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud), Adlerian Psychotherapy (Alfred Adler), Analytical Psychotherapy(Carl Jung), Object Relations (Mahler, Winnicott, Fairbairn, Klein, Gutrip, Kernberg and others), and Self Psychology (Heinz Kohut). Freud's original theories were based on the conflicts that he believed were at the core of human existence. These conflicts emerge from attempts to reconcile our biological selves with our social selves. Aspects of these conflicts...
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...Hanna* was a 5 year old girl, in reception year at school referred to me for play therapy due to her increased emotionality and withdrawal in response to a disruptive home situation. Hanna and her half sister until recently had lived with their mother however both children's fathers were fighting for custody of their daughters. At the point of referral Hanna's half sister had moved out of home to live with her father while Hanna remained living with their mother... This is her story… During her ten play therapy sessions Hanna played out her ‘muddles’ and fears metaphorically, using figurines, sand and water. Within the safety of the playroom Hanna developed her story of three chameleons who lived in a river. One chameleon in particular feared the threat of the crab, who continuously tried to pull the other chameleons out of the river. Hanna told me how the chameleon could not sleep at night for she had to keep watch over her friends; she was tired and scared. Week after week Hanna played her story, expressing and exploring her inner world at her own pace. I sat quietly besides her, touched by her vulnerability and perseverance. I gently reflected the emotions surrounding the characters and expressed my empathy for the struggle the chameleons faced. I 'wondered' aloud about the needs of her characters. Gradually Hanna discovered the needs of the chameleons, ways to make them feel safe and ‘unmuddled’. As Hanna began to transfer these ideas and coping strategies into her...
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...The main aim of this essay is to demonstrate an understanding of Freud’s theory of psychosexual development and how this theory may help us to explain and identify adult neurotic behaviour. I shall be evaluating the pros and cons of psychosexual theory and the extent to which it helps us to understand a client’s presenting issue. I shall also define and consider the relationship between the Id, Ego and Superego and the way in which these constructs of our psyche are in many ways representative of earlier experiences and of those early situations and conflicts we had faced. Lastly, I will examine some of the criticisms that have been leveled at Freudian theory in order to evaluate it. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was a Viennese physician, trained in neurology and the founder of psychoanalytic theory. He created an entirely new perspective on the study of human behavior, focusing on the unconscious instinct and urges rather than the conscious. The psychoanalytic view holds that there are inner forces outside of our awareness that are directing our behavior. Freud postulated that human nature was focused mainly on desire rather than reason and that it was ones past experiences that determined ones future behavior and personality development. While his theories were considered shocking at the time and continue to create debate and controversy, his work had a profound influence on a number of disciplines, including psychology, sociology, anthropology, literature, and art. The term...
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...Drug Abuse and Addiction: What's the Difference? Written by Natasha Tracy [pic]While many people use the terms drug abuse and addiction interchangeably, abuse and addiction have separate and distinct meanings. One can abuse drugs without necessarily being addicted to drugs. The drug abuse definition centers more around the way a person uses drugs, while the drug addiction definition includes the use of drugs and also the psychological and physiological effects the drug has on the body. It's important to understand the drug abuse and drug addiction definitions so as to correctly identify problem behaviours seen in loved ones. It's also key to remember that alcohol is also a drug and is included in the definitions of drug abuse and addiction Drug Abuse and Addiction - Drug Tolerance Central to the understanding of drug abuse and addiction is the idea of tolerance. When a person starts using a drug, they typically use a small amount to receive pleasurable effects, or a "high." With time though, drug users find the same amount of drug no longer produces the desired effects and they have to consume more of the drug to attain the same high. This effect is known as tolerance.1 In drug abuse and addiction, creation of tolerance depends on the drug used, the amount that is used and the frequency with which it is used. Drug tolerance can be both psychological and physiological. Drug Abuse Definition The definition of drug abuse does not have drug tolerance as a factor. Rather...
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...INTRODUCTION TO COUNSELLING SKILLS FOR A TRAINEE COUNSELLOR: INTRODUCTION: I am going to address some of the main points and processes that a trainee counsellor will need to understand, to use in counselling sessions. It will include the process of initiating, maintaining and developing a relationship between a counsellor and anyone using counselling for the first time. INITIATING A RELATIONSHIP: The initiating of a relationship in counselling could involve a telephone consultation to arrange appropriate appointment time and location where the first meeting will be held it will also have the name of the counsellor who will be holding the sessions. A letter could also be sent to start the initiating process between a counsellor and the client. It will contain the appointment time, location and the name of the counsellor who will be conducting the sessions. Before the initial meeting takes place the counsellor will ask the reception to inform them that the client has arrived. They will prepare the consultation room by setting the chairs in a position where eye contact can be maintained, but personal space respected. They will make sure the room is at the right temperature, if warm having a window open a little. Have tissues on the table in case they are required and check that any paper work is in the right order and the correct forms if any are required. On the arrival of the client the counsellor introduces...
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..."There are a broad range of counselling micro skills that can be utilized effectively in therapy sessions. Within the context of their personal history, effective micro skill applications can encourage clients to tell their stories in colourful and extensive detail. Such effective implementation of micro skills facilitates the development of rapport and a positive therapeutic alliance thereby permitting clients to enrich their perspectives regarding problem and opportunity situations in their lives (Egan, 2007). Three important counseling techniques will be explored, all of which have been clinically demonstrated to be efficacious in a broad range of counseling settings (Egan). The skills of active listening, empathy and sharing empathic highlights will be discussed and analysed within the framework of a counselling case study. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to examine the use, efficacy and deficiencies of how these skills were employed within a counselling session with a mother, let's call her Mary. Mary presented to counselling with a five year history of frustrated attempts to get her daughter to sleep consistently in her own bed. On one hand, she had gone to extraordinary efforts to influence and sustain effective sleep patterns in her daughter. On the other, a feeling of being out of control permeated drained resourcefulness. Mary felt she was too compliant with her daughter's unwilling behaviour and sought help from a counsellor. The surface structure of...
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...Guidance and Counselling plays integral part in both teaching and learning and must be given the necessary attention in all educational endeavors. Guidance and Counselling activities should be pivotal in our curriculum and also must be given the necessary attention in our educational set up to assist students. Guidance and Counselling must therefore be carefully designed and well executed at every level of the educational ladder especially at the basic school level. It is an open secret that students in Ghana face myriad of challenges which militate against their academic, career and socio personal progress in school due to the absence quality guidance and counseling services. Throwing more light on the concept of guidance, Miller F.W (1978) in his book Guidance principles and services sees guidance as all the activities engaged in by the School that are primarily aimed at assisting an individual to make, carry out adequate plans and to achieve satisfactory adjustment in all aspects of his daily life. Supporting the above definition, George and Cristiani (1986) in their book Counselling theory and Practice stated that Counselling is a relationship between a professionally trained counselor and an individual seeking help in gaining greater self-understanding, improved decision-making skills, behavior change and skills for problem solving. Reading through the above definitions of the concept of Guidance and Counselling over and over again makes me wonder whether our stakeholders...
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...According to Nelson-Jones (2012), counselling is defined as a process where the counsellor or helper’s aim is to assist the client in helping themselves by the choices they make in their life. Through their skills and understanding of the clients, the counsellor uses interventions that are specific to the client to help them changes negative thinking, feelings and behaviour. This can lead to a more positive and less stressful life for the client, if the counselling relationship is successful. The success of this is based on the different stages of counselling, where both counsellor and client play and active role. The stages in the counselling process are Establishing a working relationship, Identifying Clients Problem, Helping The Client Create Goals, Encouraging Client Exploration and Taking Action and Termination (Corey & Corey, 2011; Hackeny & Cormie, 2005). Establishing a Working Relationship is the first stage in the counselling processes according to Corey and Corey. From my point of view, this stage is concerned with building the therapeutic relationship. It is at this stage the counsellor prepares the client for the process and clarifying any concerns the client might have. Patterson and Welfel (2005) emphasised that at this stage, there must be open communication, and trust to remote client self-exploration. This will encourage the client to open up more, and be more willing to actively engage in the counselling process. As the client begins to relay their story...
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...they have, how they look or what they can do for you but instead we should respect them for how helpful and respectful they are, to others, how much, they have struggled in their life; while keeping a very positive attitude towards life and how big of an example they can set for you, to be your role-model. 5. How my beliefs and values affect my work and attitude towards counselling We all have ideas about what is right and wrong or good and bad. Sometimes we aren’t really aware of the ideas we have until a situation comes up that makes us think about what we believe. Often that is a situation where we meet someone who has quite different ideas. There are several reasons why it is important for us to be aware of our values. One is that being aware of our values helps us to make choices in our lives that fit with our values. When we do that, we can respect ourselves for the way we live our lives. Another reason is that being aware of our values helps us to understand that not everyone feels the same, and it helps us to respect others even if the values they hold are different from ours, especially in a counselling situation where one will come into contact with many different people of many different...
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...An individual's loss of a marriage/spouse is one of the most serious threats to one's health and wellbeing, this type of loss is prominently the most people encounter during their lives. This essay is a personal reflective journey of the loss of my marriage and the processes in which I personally (mentally and physically) experienced this loss. This essay will include models and theories attached to grief and loss in counselling. Its will also outline my ability to find strength, and meaning with strategies that enabled my children and myself to cope with the loss. This essay will also explore the type of loss process (first and secondary factors) I endured, relevant social support, my personal religious views, and the nature in which defines...
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...Name of assignment/report Pastoral Counselling Reading Report Presented in partial fulfilment For the requirements of the course Name of Course: Pastoral Counselling 1 Code of Course: REP 210 Lecturer: Dr. Simbrashe Student: G Cairncross Student number: 0000 Date: 28 April 2016 Declaration of Academic Integrity: I hereby declare that the composition of this assignment/report is wholly my own and where other authors have been either quoted or paraphrased, this has been precisely referenced. I understand that any person found guilty of plagiarism will not only automatically receive a failing grade for this paper—but possibly for the whole course; and may face additional academic penalties that could include dismissal from the Faculty of Arts or from Helderberg College. Sign: Table of Contents: Introduction: 3 Biblical view: 3 What PCT is all about and how its effects people in counselling: 4 My View of Effective Christian Counselling: 6 Conclusion: 7 Bibliography: 8 Pastoral Counselling 1 Term Paper – Person Centred Therapy Introduction: “Person-centred therapy (PCT) is a humanistic approach, a belief that humans can achieve happiness and can solve their own problems. The fundamental belief is that people tend to move towards growth, self actualisation and healing.” This is one of the therapies used in counselling today and it supports personal growth but does not always include Christian virtues. The approach seem very important because...
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...As a counsellor, I should always remember that I must respect my client’s integrity. I shall not disclose the information to a third party. But in this case, I have to justify on what to tell and what not to tell. I learned that revealing information that the student disclosed to me can ruin the counselling relationship. The student, John Doe is my client and I would have my responsibility to keep the conversation between John and I confidential. Firstly, I would make my decision based on my understanding about the four teachers, their history, relationship with students, and whether they are trustworthy. Next, I would consult others by asking suggestion from a professional psychologist or have a talk with school principal and a senior school counsellor. Then, I would tell them I will have to seek for John’s permission for disclosing some information about him. If I would have make a decision whether to tell or not to tell the teachers on the spot, I would keep most of the information about the John, and answer only a general question asked by them. When required to disclose confidential information without a client’s permission, school counsellors are to reveal only “essential” information (ACA, 1995). According to Phillips (2007), this ethical dilemma is “nearly a constant struggle for school counsellors and can create a dynamic tension within the educational environment, where the students’ right to confidentiality needs to be weighed against others’ needs to know”. As a school...
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...workers and management to help them conduct their actions in accordance with its primary values and ethical standards. It also can be explained as a particular kind of policy statement. A properly framed code is, in effect, a form of legislation within the company binding on its employees, with specific penalty for violation of the code. A counsellor is a highly trained person who is able to use a vast rand of counselling approaches with their clients. Counsellors are also individuals that make an impact in people directly. Therefore it is essential that the counsellors have a guided framework in order to provide their service efficiently. When one starts working as a counsellor, ethical dilemmas are inevitable. Therefore having a code of ethics guides the counsellor to conduct their work in an ethical manner which is effective. It will also assist the counsellor to guide the client in a positive yet professional way in order help the client with their need. Here I will be discussing the importance of having a code of ethics in counselling, using the ACA (American Counselling Association) Code of Ethics. Afterwards I will elucidate the relevance of having a Code of Ethics in the Sri Lankan context. *** All the human beings are inter-connected. Whatever they...
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...RUNNING HEAD: Reflection on counseling 1 Reflection on counseling session recording Chua Ci Jie Introduction to Counselling James Cook University, Singapore Reflection on counseling Reflection on counseling Counseling is interpreted as a therapeutic practice of utilizing dialogue to assist clients in better understand and coping with their individual problems or health issues (Counseling, 2003). The individuality of the counselor has been extensively regarded as a vital tool in the provision of productive counselling sessions (Pieterse, Lee, Ritmeester & Collins, 2013) and has commonly introduced as “self as instrument” (Baldwin, 2000; McWilliams, 2004 as cited in Pieterse, Lee, Ritmeester & Collins, 2013). Therefore, the therapist’s application of self as instrument 2 affirm on the need for the counselor to have a satisfactory measure of self-awareness (Pieterse, Lee, Ritmeester & Collins, 2013). This essay attempts to enhance my individual self-awareness through reflecting on the counselling session, including the micro skills attempted as well as my strengths and weaknesses in conjunction with the micro skills. Biases and personal values are also identified. Counseling Session Opening I focused on trust building and goal setting in the opening section of counseling session to better facilitate the later session. Mutual trust between both the client and therapist is identified to be one of the significant elements to increase the effectiveness of the session...
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...essay will reflect on counselling, and include what I think that is, and how it differs from other forms of helping. I will analyse and compare the different types of counselling, giving specific examples of how they vary from each other. This essay will also evaluate some of my personal experiences of having professional counselling which will enable the reader to gain an authentic perspective from the clients viewpoint. This essay will also state some of my own perspectives on what counselling is and what counselling has done for me personally. I will also demonstrate my understanding of the laws and legal implications of counselling Counselling can be a complex and abstract subject. Everyone has their own opinions on what counselling is. I am currently a student at Ty Elis training to be an integrative counsellor. This means that the therapist uses an approach which uses element from different forms of counselling and psychotherapy. After being a client and receiving personal therapy for a period of 18 months and now having started training to be a therapist myself, my own views on counselling have changed considerably. The BACP defines counselling as “Counselling and psychotherapy are umbrella terms that cover a range of talking therapies. They are delivered by trained practitioners who work with people over a short or long term to help them bring about effective or enhance their wellbeing”. Before I explain the different types of counselling I am going to express...
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