...CAMERAS IN THE COURTROOM. Term Paper ID:19839 Get This Paper Free! or Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Right to fair trial vs. right of public to witness court proceedings & know what govt. is doing.... More... 7 Pages / 1575 Words 5 sources, 11 Citations, MLA Format $28.00 More Papers on This Topic Paper Abstract: Right to fair trial vs. right of public to witness court proceedings & know what govt. is doing. Paper Introduction: SHOULD CAMERAS BE ALLOWED IN THE COURTROOM? Introduction and Problem Statement Although the title of this research is broad, cameras, in the context of this paper, refers to television cameras. Courts in different jurisdictions in the United States impose differing restrictions on media coverage within courtrooms. Some jurisdictions do not allow cameras of any kind, requiring even the print media to employ artist sketches for any visual reporting of courtroom proceedings. Others permit the use of still cameras under controlled conditions. Few jurisdictions permit the unrestricted use of television cameras in courtrooms. Most jurisdictions that do permit television cameras in the courtroom do not permit continuous live coverage of the proceedings. Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while...
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...Michelle del Rosario Effective Leadership & Management Class - Barbara Miller Individual Paper March 14, 2013 The Application of the SCARF Model on the 2011 Re-Organization of SF Court Reporters I. INTRODUCTION On Friday, September 30, 2011, the San Francisco Superior Court (SFSC) laid-off a total of sixty-seven (67) employees, including twenty-nine (29) Certified Court Reporters. The Court started the fiscal year of 2011-2012 with a $13.75 million budget deficit, and had initially mailed out two hundred (200) pink slips in July, representing 41% of it’s staff. Fortunately, austerity measures (such as extending mandatory furlough days, enforcing voluntary unpaid time off, reducing office hours, and closing civil courtrooms) and very aggressive negotiations with the Administrative Office of the Courts (AOC) resulted in an additional $7.5 million that was used to salvage one hundred thirty-three (133) careers. September 30, 2011 was a devastating day to these sixty-seven (67) employees, and this paper will focus particularly on the effects of this re-organization on the emotions and reactions of the Court Reporters who were directly and indirectly affected. The SFSC website defines Court Reporters as “guardians of the record”. It is emphasized that not only are they Court employees, but they are also purveyors of transcripts for all interested parties. Their main job duties are providing legislated transcripts of criminal proceedings, and providing...
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...reality based television shows that depict the inner workings of a convicts mind and how the hero police officers, detectives, crime scene investigators and judges outwit, catch and then prosecute these lawbreakers. This exciting new fad has people watching these half hour shows and believing that they are entirely accurate. There are some television shows that use a great deal of fact in the creation of the show while other shows do not even come close. Since people have become enamored with courtroom based movies and television shows this has created a false sense of knowledge among common viewers that almost an entire nation believing that courtrooms consist of a defendant and a plaintiff (or a prosecuting attorney and a defense attorney) yelling back and forth at each other while a judge feverishly pounds his gavel on his podium in attempt to gain order in their courtroom. This is far from the way that an actual courtroom operates. Television shows will spark heated debate in a courtroom and solve each case in thirty minutes in order to collect ratings. According to Reality vs. Fantasy, “To...
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...Should Cameras Be Placed in Courtrooms So That Criminal Trials Can Be Televised? It is axiomatic in democracy that everyone has access to the justice system and has the right to know how those laws are enforced. This can be ensured by having trials in courtrooms televised. Whether to have cameras in courtrooms or not was a huge debate that began back in 1977 in Miami (May 2008). After a long debate higher court judges decided to allow trials to be televised in Miami. Those debates never ended because of different judges all over the world having different opinions. Personally speaking, cameras should be allowed in courtrooms so that criminal trials can be televised, to make it clear to people what circumstances they would face if they were to do anything illegal. In every country in the world laws are made in the parliament by the government in regards to the opinions of higher court judges. Many proceedings carried in the parliament are allowed to be televised so that citizens can know what the laws they should abide by are. The irony in televising parliament proceedings is that people are allowed to watch laws being made, but they cannot see how they are being enforced. If criminal trials are televised then people can know how those laws are being enforced and would be more cautious by restraining themselves from breaking the law. This is because they would know what the circumstances of their actions are, thanks to the televised criminal trials. In the United States...
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...involve officials who are accused of violating public trust.” (Criminal Defense Attorney, 2012) When you violate public trust you are facing serious charges; which would involve their jobs as well as facing a conviction. In different cases where these types of offenses are conduct bribery has been known to keep different countries from fighting and having wars; it has been going on for centuries. If you take why we bribe it’s for our survival so that we want have to have wars; for instinct we do trades with different countries so that we can receive favors. Bribery can be good or bad in many different ways in life; it’s just the way you have to look at it at a different prospective. The government is very dishonest of how they have to handle different situation when dealing with briberies. In order for our country to survive we have to scratch another country back; take for instinct oil: until we find a better way to receive oil we must take bribes to take short cuts to that we can have oil and gas. When we start fighting with our allies this is when it will affect the United States in buying oil. This is when the government has to bribe so that we can continue on getting oil at a certain price. Bribery starts from the top and...
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...Effects of Corruption in Multinational Corporation’s [Student name] [Professor’s name] [Course title] [Date] Introduction Corruption can be defined as a spiritual or moral deviation from an ideal. Corruption come in different styles and that include bribery and funds embezzlement. Corruption has been the number one menace in many countries of the world. It impacts countries in many ways, impacting economy and development in a negative way. Corruption tends to raise the cost of government and may lower the rate of infrastructure growth. Most importantly, corruption has a negative impact on capitalism and foreign investment in that; it changes the environment which in turns affects decisions and actions. Corruption causes discriminatory treatment along tribal, ethnic, race and class. It also impacts in decision making process. Multinational corporations (MNCs) may be unable to compete in certain countries due to dishonesty by government officials, dependent upon a system of graft and bribery to approve and facilitate permits and various company operations. Corruption may be at the highest levels of government, where government decisions regarding military equipment, civilian aircraft, infrastructure or broad policy decisions about industrial subsidies are made, based upon favoritism rather than ethical weighing of facts. Corruption may involve elected officials and politicians as well as nonelected officials. Corruption may be voluntary and petty, for instance, paying...
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...Siemens AG Bribery Scandal This paper will focus on the analysis of the well-known and popular bribery scandal in the world, such as Siemens AG Bribery Scandal which occurred in November, 2006. Siemens AG is one of the largest and most popular electrical engineering companies operated in the world. The present company was founded in 1847 in Berlin and is now headquartered in Munich, Germany. The discussion and the proper analysis of this bribery scandal will help to learn many effective lessons from this situation helping organizations and individuals to avoid such cases and experiences in the future. Siemens was considered one of the most powerful and productive companies in the field of electronics and that bribery scandal surely affected its business and popularity in the world greatly. It was difficult to understand the underlying causes of this bribery scandal, especially on the part of such large, successful and popular company known not only in Germany but also all over the world. In fact, several employees and even executive board members were charged guilty in this scandal and imposed huge monetary fines for illegal and unethical behavior harming the business of the company greatly. Brooks and Dunn stated that the company developed a corrupt organizational culture “in which hundreds of millions of Euros were put into slush funds that were then used to pay bribes in order to obtain lucrative contracts” (Brooks and Dunn 290-291). There were several cases of such bribery...
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...Wal-Marts outlook wary Wal-Mart reported that a lower tax rate boosted its net income by 8.6 percent during the fourth quarter, but the company offered a tempered forecast going forward as its lower-income shoppers struggle with rising gas prices, delayed income tax refunds and higher payroll taxes. Wal-Mart said that February started "slower than planned" but noted that it was largely due to the Internal Revenue Service's decision to delay accepting tax returns by eight days until Jan. 30 because of late Congressional action to tackle the budget crisis last year. Which resulted in Wal-Mart customers cashing about $1.7 billion in income tax refunds year to date, compared with $4 billion for the same time period a year ago, Wal-Mart said. Shoppers last year had used refund money to buy TVs ahead of the Super Bowl, the company said, but this year, the retailer said it's not sure how customers will use the refunds. Going forward, Wal-Mart said it's unclear how the payroll tax, implemented last month when the U.S. government allowed a temporary 2 percentage point cut in Social Security taxes to expire last month, will affect spending. Nearly all working Americans are taking home less pay and that payroll tax increase will equate to $70 per month less in take home pay for Wal-Mart shoppers, assuming an average annual income of $42,500. Also, Wal-Mart said it still is grappling with allegations that surfaced last April that it failed to notify law enforcement that company officials...
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...ones. The main form of corruption is the bribery in the form of payments demanded by the government or ministry officials in exchange for a favor (granting a service, awarding a business).Corruption affects all the businesses that interfere with the government, but studies have shown that certain industries are more exposed to it. These industries are construction, airline manufacturing, power plants, and oil and gas production. In emerging economies the impact of bribes and other similar payments can affect the economic development of the countries. It can affect the decision made by those in power; the quality of these decisions and can also affect the foreign investments by reducing the inflow of foreign direct investments. Once a company decides to make these payments it will damage its public image and it will make it very difficult for the company to refuse these payments in the future. In countries with a high level of corruption people lose their trust in the government, in the efficiency of the legal institutions. There is a strong relationship between the quality of the state run institutions and public services and the people. The stronger tis relationship is the lower the risk of corruption will be. 2. Is the “optimal” amount of bribery payments for a company equal to zero? I think that the “optimal” amount of bribery for a company should be zero or at least close to zero. It is very hard to attain a level of zero bribery because the corruption is present in all...
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...Check Point: Business Ethics and Globalization Organizational Ethics and Social Responsibility July 12, 2013 Karen Heyse Globalization by definition is “the state of being globalized especially : the development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets”. In knowing the definition of globalization it is there are many things that could be unethically incorrect in regards to globalization. First and foremost in regards to turning to a foreign country to be able to obtain cheaper labor can be a huge concern with globalization. The treatment of these foreign workers can be at times, less than human. Poor working conditions and poor working wages coupled with a work force that is considered corrupt at times makes for a very hostile work environment for the foreign labor force. Within the United States that are Child Labor Laws in place to protect young children from being forced into a work situation that could be considered unsafe as well as protects these children in making sure they are working a reasonable amount of hours, depending on the occupation. While in the United States these labor laws are in place, in other foreign countries they may not. Another ethical issue that can arise when taking a business global is the breakdown of the authority within the business. Is the chain on command being followed in the manner it should be. Is everyone aware...
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...PERSPECTIVE The logic of indirect speech Steven Pinker*†, Martin A. Nowak‡, and James J. Lee* *Department of Psychology, and ‡Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Departments of Mathematics and Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 Edited by Jeremy Nathans, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, and approved December 11, 2007 (received for review July 31, 2007) When people speak, they often insinuate their intent indirectly rather than stating it as a bald proposition. Examples include sexual come-ons, veiled threats, polite requests, and concealed bribes. We propose a three-part theory of indirect speech, based on the idea that human communication involves a mixture of cooperation and conflict. First, indirect requests allow for plausible deniability, in which a cooperative listener can accept the request, but an uncooperative one cannot react adversarially to it. This intuition is supported by a game-theoretic model that predicts the costs and benefits to a speaker of direct and indirect requests. Second, language has two functions: to convey information and to negotiate the type of relationship holding between speaker and hearer (in particular, dominance, communality, or reciprocity). The emotional costs of a mismatch in the assumed relationship type can create a need for plausible deniability and, thereby, select for indirectness even when there are no tangible costs. Third, people perceive language as a digital...
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...Good morning ladies and gentlemen, I stand here today as a voice against corruption, the most prevailing social evils which shrouds our society. It may start with a simple free drink or a friend asking you to look the other way while he does something? It is a vicious chain reaction, when one public officer is bribed it becomes easier to bribe another, I have seen many bright deserving students with shattered dreams because they could not afford to bribe the administration of the school they dreamed to go, our forefathers did not fight with their blood, tears and sweat for nearly a century so that we doom ourselves with greed and selfishness. Corruption concerns us all, young and old, but today I stress that the youth take more active stand against this abhorrence, I say this because our country is a young country, 75% of the population is below the age of 35, it is time for us to fight and eradicate this crippling disease, it is time, to clean our house. It pains me to say we are responsible for our country to be marred with this mark, being the largest democracy in the world it is our responsibility to choose our representatives, to choose a leader who puts the country, its development and its pride before their individuality, it is the youth who should cure the cancer of corruption eating way our society. We already possess the power, it is time we exercised our power of our democracy, to quote martin Luther king Jr. “the time is always right to do the right thing” it is...
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...that provided evidence of illegal acts perpetrated by U.S. firms in foreign lands. More than 400 U.S. companies admitted to making questionable payments to various foreign governments and political parties as part of an amnesty program (U.S. Department of Justice http://www.usdoj.gov). Given the environment of the 1970s and the proliferation of white-collar crimes (e.g., insider trading, bribery, false financial statements, etc.), particularly the payments made to foreign officials by corporations, Congress felt obligated to introduce legislation that led to the act. Congress's objective was to restore confidence in the manner U.S. companies’ transacted business. The FCPA is unique. Throughout history, governments have had laws making it illegal for governmental officials to take a bribe. One basic provision of the FCPA is that it prohibits U.S. partnerships, companies, and organizations from not only giving payments but also offering or authorizing payments to foreign officials or political parties with the objective of encouraging or assuring business relationships. There are two types of bribery provisions. The first prohibits any bribes made directly by the U.S. company. The second prohibits any organization from knowingly arranging for a bribe through an intermediary. Many thought that the FCPA would place U.S. companies at a disadvantage in the international marketplace since they could no longer influence foreign governments, officials, political parties, or candidates through...
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...careful not to offend those they fear, because they fear the punishment and are more likely to remain true to their pledge. There is a caution in this assertion to know the difference between fear and hatred and the recommendation is to be feared, but not hated. Man should strive to be in control of that which is can and not rely on the uncontrollable. Since love is dependent the perception of others and fear is dependent upon actions, man should build on the actions he can control but to do so in such a way as to escape hatred. Pastin and Hooker (1980) state that the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) is legislation designed to prevent bribery of foreign officials and other payments for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. The legislation is an attempt to address the problem of corruption, but rather than address bribery from a moral perspective, Pastin and Hooker (1980) raise the issue of whether the legislation itself is moral. They offer two tests to assess the morality of the legislation: the End-Point Assessment and the Rule Assessment tests. End-Point rule tests whether the legislation is of benefit to the well-being of society and is sound if the law promotes the well-being of society. Rule Assessment tests whether the rule is categorical or prima facie. Categorical means the rule is unbendable and the prima facie subjective and open to...
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...The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ( FCPA) was in a spot to make a challenge or to put an end to American companies from compensating or making a profit out of payments to foreign officials for the purpose of receiving or getting a little in return for their deal. Even though if there is Geletex is instituted to contributing in any bribery according to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act Jed realizes that when profits were being made internationally each country has its own means of doing things and their belief system of philosophy of what was right or what was wrong. It just might be suitable in some countries to agree to what they might call contributions to get the ball rolling or to care for their business. But how far are Geletex and Jed going to go are they already crossing the line? Jed is likely to be having a crisis in Lima, Peru when looking over the book; he realizes that the commissions are greater than they were back in the states. Now at this point, this is where Jed is okay with the FCPA since his company over in Peru is using the high commissions to the sale workers as a cover up for providing bribes in substitute for contracts from their commercial customers than yes that would be considered as ethically wrong. But in the FCPA it is stated and it has been altered that the payments has to be to an foreign official, political party, or party official or you have to known that it was third party that is going to grant that money to an official on your behave...
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