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Covenant Obedience

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Submitted By mhaddix
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Bible 105
November 16, 2014
Covenant Obedience The first three kings of Israel were Saul, David, and Solomon and each had their own strengths and weaknesses. Each king obeyed and disobeyed God, receiving blessings and punishments as a result. At the end of Solomon’s reign, due to his disobedience, Israel was a divided nation. The rise and fall of each king depended on their covenant obedience. During the early years of Israel, the nation was looked after by judges. The Israelites were very disobedient and would continually turn their backs on God until they needed him. God used several judges to bring the Israelites from underneath the oppression imposed on them by various groups such as the Moabites, the Ammonites, and the Philistines. Each judge had a specific quality that would have made them less than worthy for a great position in the eyes of the people. For instance, Ehud was left-handed, Gideon was a coward, and Samson was an adulterer but God deliberately choose the least likely candidates to prove that anything is possible when you trust in Him. According to Judges 21:25 (HCSB), “in those days there was no king in Israel; everyone did whatever he wanted. This cycle of disobedience to God, and God raising up a judge, eventually led the way to kingship. Because a judge could only partially and imperfectly administer Torah (legislative function), executive justice (executive function), and condemn lawbreakers (judicial function), a king was needed who could more effectively fulfill all three roles. The stories in Judges also show that not just any king could effectively govern the nation but rather a king who honored God’s covenant (Hindson and Yates, 148). To emulate other nations in this period, the Israelites decided “We must have a king over us. Then we will be like all the other nations” (1 Samuel 8:19-20). What the Israelites were really doing was rejecting God as their King, breaking their covenant, but God allowed them to choose their own king. Saul, a Benjamite, was chosen as the first king of Israel. Samuel, as well as the prophets before him, said that the king of Israel would come from the tribe of Judah. In choosing Saul, the Israelites continued to show disregard for the covenant and it also showed this was not God’s choice for king. According to Hindson and Yates, “the events surrounding the selection of Saul for king (9:1-10:16) demonstrate that he was the people’s choice, more than God’s choice for a king. The people seemed to focus on Saul’s outward appearance (9:2) rather than his heart (16:7).” Ultimately, the Israelites liked Saul because he had physical attributes that they felt a king should have. 1 Samuel 9:2 states, “There was no one more impressive among the Israelites than he. He stood a head taller than anyone else.” Saul was eventually rejected because he did not trust in God. Samuel warned Saul to honor the Mosaic covenant, but Saul chose not to listen and made many poor choices such as “his usurpation of priestly functions while awaiting Samuel to offer the sacrifices at Gilgal before the battle with the Philistines” (Hindson and Yates, 165). The final act of disobedience was when God commanded Saul to destroy the Amalekites, and Saul chose to disregard the command. In 1 Samuel 15:11, the Lord says “I regret that I made Saul king, for he has turned away from following Me and has not carried out My instructions.” Saul is rejected which leads to the beginning of another selection to choose a king. “The events surrounding David’s selection and anointing make clear that he was God’s choice to become the next king of Israel” (Hindson and Yates, 166). David was from the tribe of Judah, which is the messianic line and David was a faithful servant of God. 1 Samuel 13:14 references that, in choosing David, “the Lord has found a man loyal to Him.”
David was not without faults, which Hindson and Yates mention when discussing 2 Samuel, “David’s covenant violations take place in the book’s pivotal eleventh chapter. They involve adultery (11:1-3) and murder (11:14-27) as well as a host of deceptive acts committed in an attempt to cover up these sins.” David was punished for these sins and, although David had broken several Commandments, he repented and God forgave him. It was David’s loyalty to God and genuine repentance of his sins that set David apart from Saul and made him a respected king.
The Davidic covenant (2 Samuel 7:1-17) generated the next king of Israel, Solomon, who was the son of David. Solomon was very blessed during his reign and he enjoyed wisdom, prosperity, and international fame. He consolidated the nation of Israel, expanded the borders (promised in the Abrahamic covenant), and built the first Temple of Jerusalem. However, as with his predecessors, Solomon also committed covenant disobedience which is reference in Chapter Eleven of 1 Kings.
Solomon engaged in polygamy with foreign women, although God had specifically forbidden it, and stated “do not intermarry with them, and they must not intermarry with you, because they will turn you away from Me to their gods” (1 Kings 11:2). Despite this command, Solomon married these women and did begin to follow other gods. In 1 Kings 11:11-12, God said “Since you have done this and did not keep My covenant and My statutes, which I commanded you, I will tear the kingdom away from you and give it to your servant. However, I will not do it during your lifetime because of your father David; I will tear it out of your son’s hand.” As decreed by God, after Solomon’s death, the kingdom of Israel begins to fragment.
As evident during the reign of the first three kings of Israel, the importance of covenant obedience is made clear. Each king’s blessings were equal to the level of loyalty and faithfulness they displayed to God’s decrees and commands.

Works Cited
Hindson, Edward E., and Gary E. Yates. The Essence of the Old Testament: A Survey. Nashville, TN: B & H Academic, 2012. Print.

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